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Omelková M, Fenger CD, Murray M, Hammer TB, Pravata VM, Bartual SG, Czajewski I, Bayat A, Ferenbach AT, Stavridis MP, van Aalten DMF. An O-GlcNAc transferase pathogenic variant linked to intellectual disability affects pluripotent stem cell self-renewal. Disease models & mechanisms 2023 16(6) 37334838
Abstract:
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential enzyme that modifies proteins with O-GlcNAc. Inborn OGT genetic variants were recently shown to mediate a novel type of congenital disorder of glycosylation (OGT-CDG), which is characterised by X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) and developmental delay. Here, we report an OGTC921Y variant that co-segregates with XLID and epileptic seizures, and results in loss of catalytic activity. Colonies formed by mouse embryonic stem cells carrying OGTC921Y showed decreased levels of protein O-GlcNAcylation accompanied by decreased levels of Oct4 (encoded by Pou5f1), Sox2 and extracellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP), implying reduced self-renewal capacity. These data establish a link between OGT-CDG and embryonic stem cell self-renewal, providing a foundation for examining the developmental aetiology of this syndrome.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
HCFC1, TAB1
Species: Homo sapiens
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Mitchell CW, Galan Bartual S, Ferenbach AT, Scavenius C, van Aalten DMF. Exploiting O-GlcNAc transferase promiscuity to dissect site-specific O-GlcNAcylation. Glycobiology 2023 33(12) 37856504
Abstract:
Protein O-GlcNAcylation is an evolutionary conserved post-translational modification catalysed by the nucleocytoplasmic O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and reversed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). How site-specific O-GlcNAcylation modulates a diverse range of cellular processes is largely unknown. A limiting factor in studying this is the lack of accessible techniques capable of producing homogeneously O-GlcNAcylated proteins, in high yield, for in vitro studies. Here, we exploit the tolerance of OGT for cysteine instead of serine, combined with a co-expressed OGA to achieve site-specific, highly homogeneous mono-glycosylation. Applying this to DDX3X, TAB1, and CK2α, we demonstrate that near-homogeneous mono-S-GlcNAcylation of these proteins promotes DDX3X and CK2α solubility and enables production of mono-S-GlcNAcylated TAB1 crystals, albeit with limited diffraction. Taken together, this work provides a new approach for functional dissection of protein O-GlcNAcylation.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
TAB1
Species: Homo sapiens
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Soria LR, Makris G, D'Alessio AM, De Angelis A, Boffa I, Pravata VM, Rüfenacht V, Attanasio S, Nusco E, Arena P, Ferenbach AT, Paris D, Cuomo P, Motta A, Nitzahn M, Lipshutz GS, Martínez-Pizarro A, Richard E, Desviat LR, Häberle J, van Aalten DMF, Brunetti-Pierri N. O-GlcNAcylation enhances CPS1 catalytic efficiency for ammonia and promotes ureagenesis. Nature communications 2022 13(1) 36064721
Abstract:
Life-threatening hyperammonemia occurs in both inherited and acquired liver diseases affecting ureagenesis, the main pathway for detoxification of neurotoxic ammonia in mammals. Protein O-GlcNAcylation is a reversible and nutrient-sensitive post-translational modification using as substrate UDP-GlcNAc, the end-product of hexosamine biosynthesis pathway. Here we show that increased liver UDP-GlcNAc during hyperammonemia increases protein O-GlcNAcylation and enhances ureagenesis. Mechanistically, O-GlcNAcylation on specific threonine residues increased the catalytic efficiency for ammonia of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1), the rate-limiting enzyme in ureagenesis. Pharmacological inhibition of O-GlcNAcase, the enzyme removing O-GlcNAc from proteins, resulted in clinically relevant reductions of systemic ammonia in both genetic (hypomorphic mouse model of propionic acidemia) and acquired (thioacetamide-induced acute liver failure) mouse models of liver diseases. In conclusion, by fine-tuned control of ammonia entry into ureagenesis, hepatic O-GlcNAcylation of CPS1 increases ammonia detoxification and is a novel target for therapy of hyperammonemia in both genetic and acquired diseases.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
A0A075B5P3, A0A075B5P5, A0A075B5R4, A0A075B5V1, A0A077S9N1, A0A097PUH2, A0A0M4KM70, A0A0R4J135, A0A0R4J293, A0A1B0GT41, A0AUN0, A0JLV3, A2AA71, A5JUZ1, B1AXW5, B2RTM0, D3Z041, D3Z6F5, E9Q175, E9Q1S3, E9Q3W4, DESP, E9QNH6, E9QPE7, G5E8R3, H7BXC3, H9KV01, K3W4R2, BHMT1, IGKC, K2C1, K2C8, SPTN1, CPSM, GRP75, KPYM, ATPB, CH60, TBA4A, WNK1, PKP1, PLAK, GSDA2, Q3TD51, Q3TH57, Q3TLH6, Q3TN99, Q3TZR8, Q3UF58, Q3UGJ7, Q3UHW2, Q3UKH3, PRRC1, SC31A, Q3UTZ4, K22O, Q3V222, Q4KL81, Q504P4, Q52L87, Q542G9, Q544B1, Q546G4, Q58E56, Q58E64, Q5FW97, Q5M9N9, Q5QNU0, MYH4, MYH1, HCFC1, DSG1A, MYH10, SPTB2, EST3A, Q68FG2, Q6ZQC2, Q71LX8, NU214, Q80WR0, Q80ZX0, ECHA, NUP54, Q8C140, Q8C153, CPSM, Q8C7S2, Q8CF71, OGT1, Q8CIF2, Q8N7N8, HUTU, MYH9, Q91V38, Q9CV13, Q9D828, ECHP, Q9DC41, MVP, Q9JJ20, Q9QZF3, MYO1C, CARM1, S4R192, S4R1W1, S4R2A9, S4R2L9
Species: Homo sapiens, Mus musculus
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Fu C, van Aalten DMF. Native detection of protein O-GlcNAcylation by gel electrophoresis. The Analyst 2020 145(21) 33103664
Abstract:
O-GlcNAcylation is an abundant and dynamic protein posttranslational modification (PTM), with crucial roles in metazoans. Studies of this modification are hampered by the lack of convenient methods for detecting native O-GlcNAcylation. Here, we describe a novel gel-based approach, Separation of O-GlcNAcylated Proteins by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SOPAGE), which enables detection of O-GlcNAc levels and dynamics.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
HCFC1, CSK21, TAB1
Species: Homo sapiens
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Muha V, Williamson R, Hills R, McNeilly AD, McWilliams TG, Alonso J, Schimpl M, Leney AC, Heck AJR, Sutherland C, Read KD, McCrimmon RJ, Brooks SP, van Aalten DMF. Loss of CRMP2 O-GlcNAcylation leads to reduced novel object recognition performance in mice. Open biology 2019 9(11) 31771416
Abstract:
O-GlcNAcylation is an abundant post-translational modification in the nervous system, linked to both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disease. However, the mechanistic links between these phenotypes and site-specific O-GlcNAcylation remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that Ser517 O-GlcNAcylation of the microtubule-binding protein Collapsin Response Mediator Protein-2 (CRMP2) increases with age. By generating and characterizing a Crmp2S517A knock-in mouse model, we demonstrate that loss of O-GlcNAcylation leads to a small decrease in body weight and mild memory impairment, suggesting that Ser517 O-GlcNAcylation has a small but detectable impact on mouse physiology and cognitive function.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
DPYL2
Species: Mus musculus
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Kapuria V, Röhrig UF, Waridel P, Lammers F, Borodkin VS, van Aalten DMF, Zoete V, Herr W. The conserved threonine-rich region of the HCF-1(PRO) repeat activates promiscuous OGT:UDP-GlcNAc glycosylation and proteolysis activities. The Journal of biological chemistry 2018 293(46) 30224358
Abstract:
O-Linked GlcNAc transferase (OGT) possesses dual glycosyltransferase-protease activities. OGT thereby stably glycosylates serines and threonines of numerous proteins and, via a transient glutamate glycosylation, cleaves a single known substrate-the so-called HCF-1PRO repeat of the transcriptional co-regulator host-cell factor 1 (HCF-1). Here, we probed the relationship between these distinct glycosylation and proteolytic activities. For proteolysis, the HCF-1PRO repeat possesses an important extended threonine-rich region that is tightly bound by the OGT tetratricopeptide-repeat (TPR) region. We report that linkage of this HCF-1PRO-repeat, threonine-rich region to heterologous substrate sequences also potentiates robust serine glycosylation with the otherwise poor Rp-αS-UDP-GlcNAc diastereomer phosphorothioate and UDP-5S-GlcNAc OGT co-substrates. Furthermore, it potentiated proteolysis of a non-HCF-1PRO-repeat cleavage sequence, provided it contained an appropriately positioned glutamate residue. Using serine- or glutamate-containing HCF-1PRO-repeat sequences, we show that proposed OGT-based or UDP-GlcNAc-based serine-acceptor residue activation mechanisms can be circumvented independently, but not when disrupted together. In contrast, disruption of both proposed activation mechanisms even in combination did not inhibit OGT-mediated proteolysis. These results reveal a multiplicity of OGT glycosylation strategies, some leading to proteolysis, which could be targets of alternative molecular regulatory strategies.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
CSK21
Species: Homo sapiens
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Leney AC, Rafie K, van Aalten DMF, Heck AJR. Direct Monitoring of Protein O-GlcNAcylation by High-Resolution Native Mass Spectrometry. ACS chemical biology 2017 12(8) 28609614
Abstract:
O-GlcNAcylation is one of the most abundant metazoan nuclear-cytoplasmic post-translational modifications. Proteins modified by O-GlcNAc play key cellular roles in signaling, transcription, metabolism, and cell division. Mechanistic studies on protein O-GlcNAcylation are hampered by the lack of methods that can simultaneously quantify O-GlcNAcylation, determine its stoichiometry, and monitor O-GlcNAcylation kinetics. Here, we demonstrate that high-resolution native mass spectrometry can be employed to monitor the small mass shifts induced by modification by O-GlcNAc on two known protein substrates, CK2α and TAB1, without the need for radioactive labeling or chemoenzymatic tagging using large mass tags. Limited proteolysis enabled further localization of the O-GlcNAc sites. In peptide-centric MS analysis, the O-GlcNAc moiety is known to be easily lost. In contrast, we demonstrate that the O-GlcNAc is retained under native MS conditions, enabling precise quantitative analysis of stoichiometry and O-GlcNAcylation kinetics. Together, the data highlight that high resolution native MS may provide an alternative tool to monitor kinetics on one of the most labile of protein post-translational modifications, in an efficient, reliable, and quantitative manner.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
CSK21, TAB1
Species: Homo sapiens
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Willems AP, Gundogdu M, Kempers MJE, Giltay JC, Pfundt R, Elferink M, Loza BF, Fuijkschot J, Ferenbach AT, van Gassen KLI, van Aalten DMF, Lefeber DJ. Mutations in N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase in patients with X-linked intellectual disability. The Journal of biological chemistry 2017 292(30) 28584052
Abstract:
N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) regulates protein O-GlcNAcylation, an essential and dynamic post-translational modification. The O-GlcNAc modification is present on numerous nuclear and cytosolic proteins and has been implicated in essential cellular functions such as signaling and gene expression. Accordingly, altered levels of protein O-GlcNAcylation have been associated with developmental defects and neurodegeneration. However, mutations in the OGT gene have not yet been functionally confirmed in humans. Here, we report on two hemizygous mutations in OGT in individuals with X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) and dysmorphic features: one missense mutation (p.Arg284Pro) and one mutation leading to a splicing defect (c.463-6T>G). Both mutations reside in the tetratricopeptide repeats of OGT that are essential for substrate recognition. We observed slightly reduced levels of OGT protein and reduced levels of its opposing enzyme O-GlcNAcase in both patient-derived fibroblasts, but global O-GlcNAc levels appeared to be unaffected. Our data suggest that mutant cells attempt to maintain global O-GlcNAcylation by down-regulating O-GlcNAcase expression. We also found that the c.463-6T>G mutation leads to aberrant mRNA splicing, but no stable truncated protein was detected in the corresponding patient-derived fibroblasts. Recombinant OGT bearing the p.Arg284Pro mutation was prone to unfolding and exhibited reduced glycosylation activity against a complex array of glycosylation substrates and proteolytic processing of the transcription factor host cell factor 1, which is also encoded by an XLID-associated gene. We conclude that defects in O-GlcNAc homeostasis and host cell factor 1 proteolysis may play roles in mediation of XLID in individuals with OGT mutations.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
HCFC1
Species: Homo sapiens
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Selvan N, Williamson R, Mariappa D, Campbell DG, Gourlay R, Ferenbach AT, Aristotelous T, Hopkins-Navratilova I, Trost M, van Aalten DMF. A mutant O-GlcNAcase enriches Drosophila developmental regulators. Nature chemical biology 2017 13(8) 28604694
Abstract:
Protein O-GlcNAcylation is a reversible post-translational modification of serines and threonines on nucleocytoplasmic proteins. It is cycled by the enzymes O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc hydrolase (O-GlcNAcase or OGA). Genetic approaches in model organisms have revealed that protein O-GlcNAcylation is essential for early embryogenesis. The Drosophila melanogaster gene supersex combs (sxc), which encodes OGT, is a polycomb gene, whose null mutants display homeotic transformations and die at the pharate adult stage. However, the identities of the O-GlcNAcylated proteins involved and the underlying mechanisms linking these phenotypes to embryonic development are poorly understood. Identification of O-GlcNAcylated proteins from biological samples is hampered by the low stoichiometry of this modification and by limited enrichment tools. Using a catalytically inactive bacterial O-GlcNAcase mutant as a substrate trap, we have enriched the O-GlcNAc proteome of the developing Drosophila embryo, identifying, among others, known regulators of Hox genes as candidate conveyors of OGT function during embryonic development.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
A0A024QZW7, A0A024R899, A0A0B4KEI6, A0A0B4KFC5, A0A0B4KFJ8, NDG, A6NEM2, A8JV18, B2RAH5, B7Z060, B7Z0D3, D3DUP1, E1JI40, E7EPN9, F8VRH0, M9NE54, ANR17, SC24B, LMNA, ITA2, ATNA, NU214, HCFC1, AGFG1, SC24C, LAMA, UBP2L, CAPR1, NCOA6, SF01, TAB1, ISWI, QSER1, Q59FC9, PRC2B, UBAP2, EGRAP, Q7JQR3, NUP62, NUP50, Q7K3E2, Q7KMM4, Q7KTF8, Q86BH2, Q8INH6, ANKH1, Q8MLT4, PHC3, ATX2, SMAP2, ZFR, ATX2, Q9P0H6, HECD1, SP27A, HCF, Q9V9X0, Q9VAU1, Q9VCD1, Q9VCI4, NUP58, Q9VGL0, Q9VI72, Q9VMM2, Q9VUH6, Q9VW34, Q9VWL7, MINY3, NU153, Q9VXM5, RAE1, Q9W2U7, Q9W3Q5, Q9Y0Z1, S23IP
Species: Homo sapiens, Drosophila melanogaster
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