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Xu S, Yin K, Xu X, Fu L, Wu R. O-GlcNAcylation reduces proteome solubility and regulates the formation of biomolecular condensates in human cells. Nature communications 2025 16(1) 40307207
Abstract:
O-GlcNAcylation plays critical roles in the regulation of protein functions and cellular activities, including protein interactions with other macromolecules. While the formation of biomolecular condensates (or biocondensates) regulated by O-GlcNAcylation in a few individual proteins has been reported, systematic investigation of O-GlcNAcylation on the regulation of biocondensate formation remains to be explored. Here we systematically study the roles of O-GlcNAcylation in regulating protein solubility and its impacts on RNA-protein condensates using mass spectrometry-based chemoproteomics. Unexpectedly, we observe a system-wide decrease in the solubility of proteins modified by O-GlcNAcylation, with glycoproteins involved in focal adhesion and actin binding exhibiting the most significant decrease. Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation sites located in disordered regions and with fewer acidic and aromatic residues nearby are related to a greater drop in protein solubility. Additionally, we discover that a specific group of O-GlcNAcylation events promotes the dissociation of RNA-protein condensates under heat stress, while some enhance the formation of RNA-protein condensates during the recovery phase. Using site mutagenesis, inhibition of O-GlcNAc transferase, and fluorescence microscopy, we validate that O-GlcNAcylation regulates the formation of biocondensates for YTHDF3 and NUFIP2. This work advances our understanding of the functions of protein O-GlcNAcylation and its roles in the formation of biomolecular condensates.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
MEX3A, CNOT1, RGPD3, P121C, MYO1G, H7C0N4, PDLI1, CBX4, TAF4, RFXAP, PODXL, ARI1A, UTY, ABLM1, DVL1, KMT2D, HGS, MYPT1, XPO1, SET1A, PUR4, FYB1, PPM1G, EIF3H, IPO8, NUP42, KDM6A, ZZEF1, TET3, SI1L1, CP110, SYNJ1, IF4G3, TGON2, WIPF1, HTSF1, MYPT2, SMCA5, GANP, MA1A2, DIAP1, PLIN3, MAFK, KIN17, CUTA, N4BP1, CLAP2, BRE1B, PP6R2, ANR17, ZN217, FLNB, NCOR1, SPAG7, TACC1, GGYF1, ERLN1, WBP4, U520, WDHD1, RNH2A, STAM2, CBPD, STK10, TOX4, ST65G, TOX, PCF11, ENDD1, UBR5, AGFG2, KIF4A, MPZL1, IPO7, BAG4, SC24B, HERC2, ZMYM6, BAG3, CLPT1, ABL1, ADA, LDLR, HLAB, TFR1, CATA, GCR, KITH, HLAA, RPN2, ITB2, RLA2, RLA0, ITB1, RB, TPM3, SAP, LAMB1, SP1, PTPRC, ITA5, VIME, SNRPA, ROA1, ATX1L, DERPC, MYBA, CH60, PABP1, TPR, SKI, XRCC6, LAMP2, ITA4, HCLS1, KPYM, PO2F1, RAC2, IGLL1, RS2, TFE2, LEUK, CREB1, GCFC2, ATF7, SON, ATF1, TFE3, NFKB1, AL5AP, PUR2, ROA2, CBL, IF4B, AT2B4, APC, MGAT1, ARNT, DCK, PYR1, CALR, MAP4, CALX, NDUS1, PML, PDIA3, HMOX2, AMRP, CLIP1, ZEP2, HNRH1, ELF1, ICAM3, TTK, CAH8, BMI1, PTN7, RFC1, ADDA, NU214, MP2K2, HPCL1, VATA, CUX1, TXLNA, MLH1, PEX19, S19A1, LAP2A, LAP2B, STAT1, EPS15, MATR3, KI67, CRKL, UTRN, CAPZB, RFX5, PRC2A, NASP, FAS, CDK8, YLPM1, NU153, RBP2, TAF6, EMD, TCPQ, PAPOA, PLCD1, HCFC1, AFF3, ROA3, AGFG1, RBM5, ACLY, SMTN, RD23A, AF10, DSRAD, CADH4, SEC13, IF6, STX17, CORO7, NU107, SELB, TPIS, RAB2A, DCAF7, TIM10, CNBP, TBA1B, NOMO3, F193A, IGBP1, IF4G2, GTF2I, PHC1, NUCB2, TMF1, RT09, SARNP, FOXK1, FBLN2, FAM3A, RBM10, CDK6, HNRPU, SPTB2, FOXK2, RUNX1, CAP1, MEF2A, SP2, KMT2A, IF4G1, TLE1, TLE2, TLE3, TLE4, REL, GFPT1, GABPA, RING1, VAC14, EP300, AHNK, BRME1, MGAT2, GALT2, TROAP, TROP, BPTF, SFSWA, DPYD, TP53B, IRAG2, NFAC3, ROA0, AIMP2, GPS2, PABP4, S39A6, PICAL, HDAC1, STIM1, MTMR2, CUL4B, ASPP2, PEBB, NFYC, LRP8, VEZF1, BOP1, SEPT6, UBP2L, MLEC, ZMYM3, SRC8, LAGE3, PUM1, EPN4, RRP1B, NCOA6, GSE1, MEF2D, NFIX, ZN638, NUMA1, CND2, CND1, RB3GP, NECT1, PCBP1, PCBP2, ELOC, KS6A1, SC23B, JHD2C, ELF2, TAB1, NCOA1, ZYX, ADRM1, DPYL2, TAF9, DREB, DGUOK, QSER1, RHG31, AAK1, QRIC1, LRRF1, GNPTA, C2CD3, EPC2, PDCD4, BOREA, PAN3, BRD10, TGO1, PRC2B, PCID2, P4R3B, DCA10, SNP47, MANEA, ZN362, LRIF1, CAF17, CAMP1, UBAP2, CPTP, RC3H1, AHDC1, VPS53, RPRD2, ZN318, TASO2, ZMYM4, PAPD7, RN123, MAP1S, ARID2, NIPBL, LIN54, ANR54, PPR18, EDC4, SCYL2, GOLM2, NFRKB, RSBNL, MDEAS, BRAT1, ZC3HE, LARP1, FIP1, CRTC3, SHSA2, PI16, MCAF1, BCOR, GGYF2, NFXL1, QSOX2, YJ005, UBN2, MTSS2, NOL8, SSH2, ASXL2, SPT6H, LRC8D, EIF3M, MEPCE, KDM3B, TRM1L, ZCCHV, EFL1, KANL1, POGZ, ZFY16, NUFP2, MAVS, EMSY, I2BP2, HUWE1, YTHD3, KAISO, LDB1, LYRIC, RETR3, TSYL5, DZIP3, CACL1, P66A, C2CD5, HIPK1, ERI1, DEN1C, VRK3, ARI3B, MGAP, Z3H7A, CDAN1, ANKH1, SUGP1, GLT12, K2013, PHAR4, DCP1B, XRN1, RPTOR, NUP93, ZN687, FNBP4, NOPC1, ZBTB2, EMC1, CB069, EIF1A, KRI1, AFG2A, NHLC2, AVL9, XXLT1, GOLM1, SUMF2, TXND5, KCT2, CHSTE, SLAI1, TNR6A, PHC3, SP20H, KMT2C, BD1L1, ARI1B, NUP35, KNL1, MSPD2, NEDD1, GABP2, PIGX, STT3B, ALMS1, NEK9, NEK7, PO210, GEMI5, PIGO, MZB1, RAB2B, TM263, NUDT8, ZFN2B, HNRLL, PCNP, LMO7, ATX2L, P66B, GBF1, SMG7, RTF1, TOPB1, TSC1, PRCC, RREB1, CBP, DDX17, SEM4D, GSLG1, RENT1, GPKOW, FUBP2, ARHG2, UBP7, LPP, IGSF8, MRTFA, ACD, RAB37, PF21A, DOC10, DCPS, FAF2, TMCO6, ESS2, RMI2, TONSL, PDLI5, ZN414, VCIP1, PDLI2, ANCHR, ZFR, EP400, PRRC1, RBM14, QKI, PURB, SPAG5, CIC, MED15, ERGI2, ERBIN, LYSM1, MYADM, SEBP2, RUFY1, MINT, HTF4, CNN2, AGAP2, CSN8, CGRE1, DOK1, CTIP, SMAD5, S29A1, ARI3A, ANM1, DPH2, PELO, ERP44, ESYT1, CNPY3, WAC, MMTA2, HNRL1, ALG8, TMUB1, YJU2, PAPOG, SSBP3, JAM3, OSB11, NAA15, EIF2A, MK67I, YTHD1, KPCD2, UCK2, FTO, AMRA1, CEP44, BC11B, YIPF3, BRD8, XYLT2, I2BPL, MEGF9, EPC1, SLK, ADNP, ZN106, TM245, TMX1, CENPH, WNK1, ZHX3, DOCK5, PKHG2, KANL2, PKHA5, CLSPN, MYG1, RC3H2, LY9, TAF9B, S38AA, TM165, NCOA5, TANC2, TNR6C, CHD8, RESF1, APMAP, ARFG3, UBN1, GP108, INCE, ANLN, GEPH, BMP2K, RBM12, STAU2, INT10, GPT2L, CARF, PP4R2, TAB2, RM39, EURL, CDK12, HPBP1, ITSN2, ARHGC, CHMP5, FOXJ2, SLAI2, CT2NL, TBC14, RBM27, KANL3, FRM4A, ANFY1, GMPR2, ZN219, SE1L1, B4GT7, STK39, SEC63, SUN2, SRP68, SEPT9, UBQL2, S30BP, PFD2, NRBP, EI2BD, CDC23, GGA2, GMEB2, DP13A, MA1B1, ACINU, NUP50, MRTFB, ZBT21, YETS2, HECD1, TPX2, MGT4A, SYNRG, MINP1, SCAF8, SET1B, TBD2B, DICER, SRRM2, SMC3, SCML2, ZN148, CLC11, POLH, PLAP, TPPC8, WBP11, GIT1, ZN281, SIT1, HBS1L, SALL2, TRRAP, ARIP4, HECD4, CRBG1, HYOU1, ATG4B, KLF12, PRC2C, RBM7, CD2AP, SRPRB, GMEB1, TACC3, STK24, NCOA3, M3K4, ZHX2, NS1BP
Species: Homo sapiens
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Shen B, Zhang W, Shi Z, Tian F, Deng Y, Sun C, Wang G, Qin W, Qian X. A novel strategy for global mapping of O-GlcNAc proteins and peptides using selective enzymatic deglycosylation, HILIC enrichment and mass spectrometry identification. Talanta 2017 169 28411811
Abstract:
O-GlcNAcylation is a kind of dynamic O-linked glycosylation of nucleocytoplasmic and mitochondrial proteins. It serves as a major nutrient sensor to regulate numerous biological processes including transcriptional regulation, cell metabolism, cellular signaling, and protein degradation. Dysregulation of cellular O-GlcNAcylated levels contributes to the etiologies of many diseases such as diabetes, neurodegenerative disease and cancer. However, deeper insight into the biological mechanism of O-GlcNAcylation is hampered by its extremely low stoichiometry and the lack of efficient enrichment approaches for large-scale identification by mass spectrometry. Herein, we developed a novel strategy for the global identification of O-GlcNAc proteins and peptides using selective enzymatic deglycosylation, HILIC enrichment and mass spectrometry analysis. Standard O-GlcNAc peptides can be efficiently enriched even in the presence of 500-fold more abundant non-O-GlcNAc peptides and identified by mass spectrometry with a low nanogram detection sensitivity. This strategy successfully achieved the first large-scale enrichment and characterization of O-GlcNAc proteins and peptides in human urine. A total of 474 O-GlcNAc peptides corresponding to 457 O-GlcNAc proteins were identified by mass spectrometry analysis, which is at least three times more than that obtained by commonly used enrichment methods. A large number of unreported O-GlcNAc proteins related to cell cycle, biological regulation, metabolic and developmental process were found in our data. The above results demonstrated that this novel strategy is highly efficient in the global enrichment and identification of O-GlcNAc peptides. These data provide new insights into the biological function of O-GlcNAcylation in human urine, which is correlated with the physiological states and pathological changes of human body and therefore indicate the potential of this strategy for biomarker discovery from human urine.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
TX13C, ESYT2, BICL2, ODAM, SRCRL, SYTC2, Z804B, O2A25, XIRP2, NKX26, SMCO2, MFS2B, O51F1, NCF1B, ABTB3, SRRM4, D11L8, YV023, LEUTX, MEIOS, RB27B, CACB4, SOCS6, CHD1, NDC80, KIF3C, MYPT1, IPP2C, MUSK, MRP3, PA2GX, ARPC5, P2RX6, ZW10, ZN749, KCAB3, ACTN4, VEGFD, BNI3L, ZN292, PI51C, MABP1, CCG3, NOBOX, REV3L, TBL1X, NBN, KI21B, PX11A, UBP2, CAN15, ATRN, SPF30, MYO1D, SUN1, ENDD1, M4K4, CFAB, LV151, K1C14, K2C1, HSPB1, CHLE, SAP, SRPRA, GNAI3, IL6RA, VILI, AT8OS, GLI3, RNAS2, LYAG, SPTB1, PSG2, LAMP2, CSPG2, SC5A1, F261, DPEP1, EPB42, ITB6, LMNB1, NEBU, RYR1, TENX, SP100, ANX13, ADH6, GNA11, NMT1, CPSM, GBRA5, AKT2, I5P2, MYH11, HMGCL, PGM1, CDN1A, MLH1, SATT, DCC, MAGAA, MMP13, ABCG1, MP2K3, UTRN, IDHP, PSB3, RBP2, MRE11, ETV1, IRAK1, ARSD, NEK4, SPSY, COPA, SMTN, ATN1, PMS1, PMS2, ATNG, PRRX1, AF17, NXPH1, NAL12, IF4A1, STX1B, KCNJ2, HPCA, PKD1, REEP5, CAC1D, MMSA, SEMG2, ACY1, P, ZNF91, LG3BP, PDE4C, SCAP, PO4F2, NMDE1, OVGP1, ANK3, NFAC3, AKAP6, CENPR, SF3B2, TRA2A, CUL4B, ALKB1, CO9A2, FA53B, WRN, SLBP, GOGB1, ZN169, ODFP1, FRPD4, MELT, SART3, IF4H, KIF14, PLCL1, PLEC, PSG5, DLGP5, MARE2, ENOX2, CNGA2, AINX, HCDH, CSPP1, QSER1, ZN423, SPKAP, PRSR3, ATOSA, K2C71, GON4L, GNPTA, LEGL, PAR14, PCDP1, PLCH1, AARD, RHG29, SPIN4, FA76B, CX066, BRM1L, ODR4, SZT2, SYRM, EEIG2, CE162, CL060, MYOME, ARHGG, CA140, CARL1, ZMYM4, EST4A, F219B, WDR25, F90A2, LAR1B, ATG9B, ARID2, FTM, USF3, KCD16, ZNF57, K1C39, Z518A, BLT3A, CV042, RTL6, CAPR2, ADAM5, ZNT6, CA094, VIP1, AGRD1, CC171, KLH24, ABRX1, PAMR1, TM14E, ITIH6, RFIP1, IGS10, WDR87, SHSA6, FGD6, RGMC, NEK10, UBP31, NOL8, MARK2, BEND5, PCAT2, EPMIP, DPH6, OLIG3, TRPM8, CC186, MYCPP, TMC7, Z804A, TAF8, RALYL, RBM23, CC190, PKHL1, GA2L3, TCAM2, STX12, KI18B, RB6I2, ARMC8, K0825, STH, RP1L1, TPH2, F217A, PLPL6, EFC13, CJ067, PSYR, TBC21, DOCK3, AGRF4, SYCE1, CADM3, CP4Z2, CLASR, ZN786, CLIP4, CBPA6, NKAP, TM156, CPSF7, EFNMT, IGS22, LMBL4, ZFP62, PHC3, DDHD1, EXPH5, NAV1, BD1L1, BPIB6, TET1, MYRIP, FBH1, O10K1, ST3L4, CHD6, DMXL2, MIPT3, ES8L3, DOT1L, NAT14, CKAP2, ARAP3, CSKI1, ATRIP, MUC16, ELYS, TITIN, LZIC, PHF3, TBCD5, K0232, PRCC, TFG, SFRP3, COR2A, ARHG2, TATD2, LENG9, FAM3D, ALKB8, CHM4C, LRC58, REPS1, PGBD4, P3IP1, CDCA5, HMCES, DMAC1, IGS21, PAWR, ITCH, M4A14, CLMN, S41A2, HSH2D, TM87B, ZN514, P12L2, C295L, CQ10A, ROBO3, WWAS2, DB118, KI20B, PHF12, SPAG5, OR2M4, HMCN1, RANB9, CCNL2, IWS1, K1C12, NPY6R, S1PR3, LYST, CDC6, EBP2, NIPS1, DDX50, FA83C, PIMRE, NDC1, MTNA, UT14A, NUP85, TDRD1, MSTRO, SETD2, OSBL8, UACA, TSG10, TB182, EGLN1, CRLD2, CSTFT, NKX24, CT191, ESF1, PIEZ2, RANB3, CSR2B, UCK1, ZN556, MLXIP, TNR6C, HMX1, EQTN, PRDM9, TLR8, HELLS, TOPRS, KIF15, RAD18, HOME2, BRWD1, TEN2, CCM2L, FGOP2, MCUB, MIC19, KCTD5, CARF, FAT2, DTL, SACS, KLHL8, CE126, WDR35, NRX2A, DNM3B, COPG2, GCP4, PARP2, TCF20, ASIC3, RABX5, STAG3, NGAP, FBX5, MKLN1, ZBT21, PKHH1, SOX13, LIMC1, EXOC7, CBPC1, TUTLB, XCT, SHOC2, RUVB2, PDE10, PRLD1, FBW1A, DLGP4, WDR37, ZBTB1, NSG2, LSM2, DOP2, C170B, SAM50, PCDBB, PCDA3, TF3C3, CCG2, BIG1, S4A4, PCLO
Species: Homo sapiens
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