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Hung YW, Ouyang C, Ping X, Qi Y, Wang YC, Kung HJ, Ann DK. Extracellular arginine availability modulates eIF2α O-GlcNAcylation and heme oxygenase 1 translation for cellular homeostasis. Journal of biomedical science 2023 30(1) 37217939
Abstract:
Nutrient limitations often lead to metabolic stress during cancer initiation and progression. To combat this stress, the enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1, commonly known as HO-1) is thought to play a key role as an antioxidant. However, there is a discrepancy between the level of HO-1 mRNA and its protein, particularly in cells under stress. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation) is a recently discovered cellular signaling mechanism that rivals phosphorylation in many proteins, including eukaryote translation initiation factors (eIFs). The mechanism by which eIF2α O-GlcNAcylation regulates translation of HO-1 during extracellular arginine shortage (ArgS) remains unclear.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
TVBY1, TX13D, CC195, SPEM3, TVB42, FR1L5, HFM1, CCD66, SBNO1, Z804B, LRRD1, XIRP2, POTEF, PSD1, BDP1, NKX26, SWAHB, F181B, SMCO2, MGT4D, CAN8, EPOP, SMHD1, AKD1B, T200C, AQP73, AXA2L, NTM2B, ZAR1L, AN36A, NEU1B, GG6L6, B2R853, KDM4E, HNRC2, ERVV1, HNRC3, TEX22, TM232, MEIOS, CK098, SO1B7, TEX46, KIF2A, BACH, MYO1C, AP3B1, IKBE, HIP1, TULP1, WASL, PDE2A, SAP18, DNM1L, IFRD1, ZN593, FAAH1, PESC, SDCB1, MPP10, NOP56, DDX3X, CCN1, PLPP3, NCKP5, AGRB1, AP3D1, IDLC, CHD1, CHD2, PDCD5, ANM5, H17B6, FPGT, TCRG1, KIF3C, GEMI2, ML12B, CLGN, MYPT1, S27A2, XPO1, AT2A1, PLXB2, SR140, PER2, GRRE1, MCF2L, NACAD, ATS3, ANR28, VILL, LAMA5, MATN3, ATX7, INP4B, TRI18, GPR37, RPA34, MAGB3, PER1, KDM6A, DHX15, TTI1, PRP4, SERA, ADA12, IRAK2, ZW10, SNUT1, SPIT2, SRGP3, VIP2, PRPF3, GRID2, TGON2, LAT, SYT7, PLRG1, BUB3, PLPP2, PI15, ACTN4, SCO2, IDH3B, CALU, AGRB3, MED14, FGF17, PRKN, JIP4, KIF5C, ZC3H1, KATIP, OPA1, KIF1B, NMD3B, PEPL, PLXC1, ADCY9, HNRPQ, TPST1, RNBP6, CCNT1, FAIM3, ANM3, HCN1, RT14, HNRC1, H2B1K, PQBP1, PRAF2, DKC1, IF2P, TRI13, DNJA2, BRD4, NBN, IGSF3, DEN4B, ADA23, MFA3L, CLAP2, OBSL1, BRE1B, RFIP3, KDM4A, DJC13, ANR17, ZPR1, NIPS2, HMMR, ZN217, SC22B, PR40A, DPOLQ, ZN254, PSIP1, ERLN1, ECI2, KHDR3, TADA3, SF3B1, MED6, FOXH1, SPB7, U520, UTP20, TCEA3, SPI2, KLF7, MMP23, RASF9, CCNK, PRAF3, DYSF, SPF27, ATP5H, TRIO, RL1D1, NEBL, OCTN2, PDE9A, SRP72, B3GA3, UBP1, SLIT2, TOM70, MICA2, NFASC, FARP2, ERLN2, PRP6, GLSK, RNF37, WDR47, AP2A2, CE152, HEXI1, UBE4B, CSPG5, LETM1, LC7L3, KIF4A, GOSR1, KAT7, MRP6, TNKS1, KCNK5, VAPB, IPO7, M3K6, UTS2, CD2B2, FMNL1, SGPL1, G6PE, SC24A, ACSL3, DUS4L, ZBT11, CPSF4, K2C75, HERC2, SNP29, AP2A1, WIZ, STAU1, BAG2, ONEC2, TOP3B, APCL, PX11B, PAK4, LDHA, NB5R3, F13A, MOS, PGK1, TRYP, OVAL, IGHG1, IGHG2, IGHG3, IGHG4, HLAH, HBE, LMNA, ALBU, VTDB, TRFE, FRIH, MIS, VTNC, TDT, ALDOA, ANXA1, APOB, OAT, K2C1, SEMG1, TBB4A, G3P, NTRK1, P53, HSPB1, RPN1, RPN2, B3A2, AT1A1, CP17A, ITB2, HMGN1, CFAI, PCCA, IF2A, HMGN2, RLA1, RLA2, RLA0, AP2A, INSR, AGAL, RB, CDK1, ATPB, ENOA, NPM, H2B1J, LDHB, H10, CATD, ANXA2, CO8A, TBB5, PROF1, HS90A, HNRPC, TPM2, GLI1, ACM2, CEL2A, HS90B, SRPRA, ODPA, CO4A2, MET, RU17, VIME, RS17, K2C7, ANXA5, K1C16, RSSA, GSTP1, RU1C, VILI, HMGB1, TPM1, WNT2, ROA1, C1S, PARP1, H2BFM, ATX1L, MYZAP, ZCC18, POTEI, POTEJ, SP9, UBB, UBC, MPC1L, ST1A4, HS71B, C1C1L, IGG1, D130B, M14OS, TBA3D, PR20G, TZAP, ACRO, H14, ODP2, THIO, PPGB, CH60, THA, BIP, HSP7C, ODPB, PYGB, PYGM, BCR, SPTB1, TOP1, PYC, DMD, C1TC, PABP1, K2C3, CO6A2, SKI, FETUA, ACTN1, MYH7, XRCC6, XRCC5, EF2, K1C10, K1C13, K2C5, TNNT1, COBA2, SUIS, KPYM, ENPL, CCNB1, HNRPL, MYOD1, EZRI, AREG, NQO1, RS2, CD44, H15, H13, H12, YBOX3, ZNF18, ZN182, ZNF43, HSP76, HMGA1, ZNF8, KPCA, CXA1, UBF1, DESM, NEUM, CR1, IBP3, TCPA, ITB5, RL7, SON, RL17, SDC1, K2C4, NUCL, E2AK2, CSK22, NCF2, FST, IF2B, ANXA7, CD33, BTF3, TNR1B, RAB3B, CAN3, ICAL, CO5A1, PHOS, CD11B, CSRP1, FLNA, PERL, TENX, PUR6, UBA1, H1T, ROA2, SAV, FBLN1, TCEA1, ITA6, SFPQ, PPIB, RS3, PTPRE, H2B1O, COF1, IF4B, CPT2, CCND1, RAE1, KPCL, THIL, RPB1, LAMA1, DNJB1, ATPA, DDX6, CTNA2, DNMT1, U2AF2, RL13, S10A4, HMGB2, PTBP1, HGFL, STOM, PON1, 1433T, RL10, CALR, MAP4, CALX, PSA5, ABCD3, LYOX, HXD10, PTPRM, PTN4, T2EB, EPHA2, EPHA8, TKT, LMOD1, EF1D, RL12, PDIA3, 2AAA, MPIP3, BKRB2, NKTR, KPYR, SDHA, HXA10, HXA9, GBRA5, DNJA1, AKT1, HNRH1, 1433B, S10AB, P5CR1, IFNA8, DSG3, RL9, KINH, CP2CI, H2B1B, EVI2B, HS71L, HSP74, PHB1, MERL, RADI, RL22, T2FA, SCN1A, K1C9, FBN1, FBN2, IRS1, MYH9, MYH10, COPB2, SOAT1, FUS, DEK, CYLC1, MYH11, AHR, K22E, ACHA7, RL4, LONM, ACV1B, SRP14, ZEB1, TAGL2, BRCA1, VATA, HSPA9, RS19, RL3, OST48, FEN1, TXLNA, TCPZ, ARL1, UBP8, RFC3, ECHA, IF2G, PERI, BUD31, NAA10, KDM5C, GARS, SYIC, NBL1, LAP2A, LAP2B, EPS15, RS27, LPPRC, RL35, PF2R, MUC18, MATR3, GPDM, RANG, NAMPT, EFTS, KI67, RAGP1, ATRX, IF2M, BAG6, RL27A, RL5, RL21, RS9, RS5, RS10, MAP1B, IQGA1, IF1AX, OMP, RL29, ATPO, TCPE, K2C6C, KC1A, MASP1, HSP77, TCPG, EFTU, SRP09, SYAC, SYCC, SYSC, YLPM1, TMEDA, RBM25, TSC2, GUAA, ENTP1, MEOX1, ST1A1, ST1A2, GATM, SERPH, KNTC1, CDK9, R144A, RL14, TCPQ, TCPD, FXR1, RAB7A, ZNF83, SSRD, AL3A2, DHB4, PSMD7, CCL11, ZNF41, ROA3, MYOM1, HNRPM, IMA1, IMA5, MP2K6, HNRPF, MSH6, HMGA2, CRIP2, COPB, COPA, CRBB1, SMTN, MOT1, IST1, SC24C, TCP4, SYRC, ATX3, TERF1, SYYC, HSP72, ATNG, EPHA4, GYS2, DRG2, XPO2, MFAP1, PAR2, BRPF1, NP1L1, ANM2, PSA, EIF3B, SYMC, HDAC4, IF6, RP1, NRG3, H2BFS, UBS3A, WDR4, SNX16, SELB, SESN2, H2B1D, NAL11, DJB13, TPIS, MYPR, MYL6, ACTB, IF4A1, RS20, S10AA, CDC42, DEST, SRP54, RAB2A, RAB14, ZC3H6, ACTZ, ARF3, ABCE1, RS3A, RL26, RL15, RL27, RL37A, DCAF7, HNRPK, RRAS2, RS7, RS8, RS15A, RS16, 1433E, RS14, RS18, RS29, RS13, RS11, SMD1, SMD2, ARF6, RL7A, RS4X, ACTA, RL23A, RS6, VISL1, H4, H2B1C, RAB1A, RAN, RL23, RS15, RS24, RS25, RS26, RS30, RL39, RL31, RL10A, RL32, RL11, RL8, PPIA, RS27A, RL40, TRA2B, AP2B1, 1433Z, 2ABA, RL38, RACK1, ACTG, ACTH, YBOX1, CSK2B, TPM4, ACTC, EF1A1, ACTS, TBA1B, TBA4A, TBB4B, CSK21, HBG1, HBG2, NOP14, RPP30, PHC1, S35A1, PRKDC, M3K9, SSBP2, RT22, RT11, RT09, ATL3, RL24, RL19, SRSF3, MUC5A, TFAM, CLH1, NFKB2, HNRPU, MYPC1, MDM2, U2AF1, AMPD2, DIAC, CAP1, K22O, CAC1D, EXOSX, PFKAP, EWS, CO4A3, AK17A, CENPE, MMSA, BDH, DSG1, H11, GHRHR, M3K10, PLOD1, RL6, PO3F1, CAV1, KMT2A, TAP2, ZN117, IF4G1, SRS11, EF1A2, CALD1, AT5G2, PTN11, GABP1, ZN33A, FMR1, PRDX1, RL18, C1QBP, CKAP4, PDE4B, KHDR1, SLC31, SOS2, SRSF1, ACTN3, TLE5, SRSF4, DHX9, GOGA2, DSC1, SSRP1, CAMP2, NSUN2, AHNK, DIK1C, LR74A, LMOD3, CF210, GALT2, AP1B1, HMGX3, NU160, TBL3, TF3C1, ASPH, TROP, BPTF, CNTN1, SFSWA, CHD3, SF3A3, NMDE1, TP53B, ILF3, TIAM1, AKAP6, FLII, TRDN, ACACA, ZBT17, REST, TADBP, ROA0, CBX3, STK3, CBLB, DNJC3, M3K1, SRSF6, I15RA, G3BP1, ATM, AP3B2, PPIG, TCOF, SF3B2, GOGA4, ROCK1, TOP3A, SQSTM, MED21, MTX1, TBB3, PRP4K, ATR, KCC2D, TDG, SNW1, DGKZ, CUL1, S12A1, MOGS, NACA, THOC5, NOG2, PTK6, TBB2A, CAC1C, CKAP5, CO4A6, LRP8, PDE1C, BOP1, SEPT6, MORC3, EFR3A, UBP2L, SIM2, DYHC1, ELOA1, TRI25, MYPC2, FRG1, CAPR1, RBM39, SCN5A, PDIA5, HS902, ZN266, ZN235, SMC1A, RRP1B, NCOA6, GANAB, 2A5D, MVP, LTBP1, GOGB1, GRM7, CHD4, LASP1, RB39A, IMB1, PSME4, CUL7, NAA25, RTP5, MO4L2, SEPT2, SUZ12, U5S1, BRD3, EEA1, PDIA6, PCOC1, PDK2, PLEC, PCM1, NONO, RASA2, RNPS1, PCBP1, PCBP2, SF3B3, RYR3, CNN3, SF3B4, RBMS2, SF3A1, SIX1, MED22, TRAM1, SF01, TRIPB, OASL, MED1, TRIP6, TWST1, PI5PA, CEBPE, AAAT, TOM34, NCOA1, GRK1, SCN9A, ZYX, SEPT7, UAP1, GBRA6, CSRP2, CDC37, IL17, DPYL2, M3K11, SRSF7, CPSF6, AT2B3, H2A2C, H2B2E, HCDH, FA98C, TIGD6, NKPD1, KNOP1, ESRG, PDS5A, MOONR, BLTP1, KIF7, TSR1, C19L2, CO3, PRTG, GAB4, ZN750, P3H1, RA1L2, MA7D1, CHD9, TKFC, PTHB1, RABL6, TBB8, CRFM7, GLYR1, C2CD3, LARP7, TB10B, A20A4, GRAP1, MIDN, PKDCC, CN177, CEP55, KLH22, PLA1A, SGO2, ACTBL, BRDT, H90B4, H90B3, H90B2, HS905, ODFP2, ESCO1, SH319, AN36C, PPM1J, FGD3, RRP12, CF157, ZN484, GNAS1, GASP1, EOGT, BRM1L, H2B2F, PPM1L, TM201, CA167, TT39A, HP1B3, CE170, FREM2, CE85L, SZT2, AXDN1, EYS, ZC3HD, GPTC4, RBM20, UBR4, GNTK, ER6L2, HENMT, TTC22, FRY, B2L15, KAD9, M3K21, DDI2, MROH9, EFCB6, A20A1, CROCC, CL060, OBSCN, FA78B, EF1A3, PR38B, BRE1A, SMBT2, SPO16, TASO2, MALR1, ECM29, SHE, NAA35, TM268, RES18, K2C79, KFA, WSCD1, F91A1, CP135, AR6P4, MROH7, UTP25, RHG17, Z518A, SCAR3, KDM4D, IQEC1, XAF1, OVOS1, CAPR2, IQCE, ZN770, F166A, NIPBL, LIN54, TET2, TEN4, OGFD2, TM214, CAVN1, CDC73, ARMX5, MED27, ANM9, PRP8, PLBL1, NFRKB, ALKB5, TRI40, TBA3E, PONL1, TTC33, MYO7B, RICTR, BRWD3, POTEE, POTEA, CC171, S4A10, FIP1, PRS55, LRSM1, SBSN, CLM9, LRIG3, RSPO2, TMC5, RFIP1, CD109, HSDL2, B3GN6, CCNI2, M3K15, LN28B, NFXL1, DYH12, RN207, ITPI1, CRACD, YC006, PLPL7, FGD6, PHLP2, ANKS3, YS043, NEK10, KRA55, KRA52, VP13C, UBP34, RAPH1, UBP51, UBP45, UBP50, IKIP, MD13L, TBA1A, B4GN4, ATS13, HECW1, BT2A1, SND1, DDX46, TM10C, RSRC2, DET1, H2A3, FAKD5, NLRC3, SSX6, MOT9, OVCH1, PLPR4, PCLI1, NRK, MON2, K1C28, K1C27, K1C25, CSMD3, NUFP2, SZRD1, NPHP3, TT21B, GDF7, KI21A, CFA91, ZN438, HDGR2, SDK1, SPRE1, SRGP1, RBBP6, NECA2, SH3R1, SEN54, K2C1B, CNTRL, CTU1, RM55, VP13B, AGRE4, GLRX5, ZN605, DAAM2, K1328, PATL1, DDX53, TRPT1, LYRIC, AKA28, KTN1, GTD2A, ABCAD, EST1A, PHLB1, LUZP1, THOC4, IFTAP, LRRT4, ZCH18, ARHGP, MON1A, THOC6, AMGO1, AMGO3, AROS, CHSS1, DDX42, NIBA3, CEP57, DAAF5, LYPD6, STX12, DZIP1, HORN, KLOTB, WFDC8, GLT13, ZDH13, CRLF3, CRERF, ARMC8, K0825, ANKY2, AHNK2, DYH10, P3H2, SPNS2, VSTM4, WDFY1, PHF6, SULF2, CHERP, ANKH1, PHC2, CMA1C, F217A, DDIAS, RB12B, SP8, DDX60, RAVR1, SPB1, DRC7, EFC13, CKP2L, SRRM1, CCD13, ELOA2, CC105, ZN100, SMYD4, MICU2, CFA46, RN168, CHSS2, RTKN2, DOCK3, AGRF3, XRN1, ASPM, DSEL, RBIS, SPICE, TAGAP, NDUF2, VPS52, LRC47, K2C78, MYO1H, KLH34, H2B3B, ANR35, GAPT, UB2J2, AN36B, LAT4, EH1L1, PALS1, FNBP4, GUF1, RIBC1, NIN, ZN276, ZN561, SRBD1, NKAP, MACOI, PAR16, AADAT, IQCF1, EFNMT, KLDC1, PLD5, ANR31, CDYL2, AMER3, NEPR1, YJ012, MUT7, BANP, SR1IP, TOPZ1, CO053, PR38A, UBP38, UN13C, FANCB, GOLM1, GT251, DHB11, TM145, SERB1, DYHC2, CC020, GIMA8, TNR6A, ZN740, DIK2A, ZN738, ABCF1, DUS18, ZN548, EXPH5, KMT2C, ABHDB, MYRIP, KNL1, RDM1, O52E5, DDX55, MAFA, ZFP28, THOC2, KCNG3, TTC8, PI42C, TBC15, MIEAP, CIP2A, ZN507, CERK1, BICD2, CHD6, HELQ, CHD5, KCNG4, BRX1, CLM1, OTU7A, ATS16, DYH5, DQX1, TP4AP, WHAMM, UBS3B, AT8B4, SHRM3, WIPF2, F222B, ZC3HF, PPIL4, CCD12, HDAC7, PDC6I, CATIN, CO040, SFT2A, SNR27, HNRLL, UBCP1, CQ050, CTL1, CKAP2, SPIR2, ATX2L, ABCAA, SREK1, CRGN, SYNE2, MUC16, P66B, DNJC9, TITIN, DDX1, H1X, TM131, IP6K1, AP3S1, HS105, SEPT8, PRP16, AN32B, TFG, AP2C, STAM1, DPF3, REQU, RBP56, EVPL, DDX17, KIFA3, SEM4D, XPF, SMRD2, RAB1C, FUBP2, KCNB2, USP9X, UBP7, CUL5, VPP1, MED12, TATD2, H2B1H, FBXW7, YIPF5, UBE2F, RL36L, GTPB3, H2B1A, CCD47, FERM2, PLPL2, LRC59, PBIP1, TTC28, BORC7, SPSB1, ANKR9, CC127, DOC10, P5CR2, ROP1L, FAF2, ZN689, AP2M1, NTNG2, KCD12, PGBD4, MTBP, RMXL1, HOOK2, RBM33, DTBP1, TMA16, ALG14, CPNE2, KIF12, SIPA1, THOC1, RM48, DDX27, P121A, TONSL, PDLI5, PGAM5, COX14, AJUBA, A26L1, PAWR, VPS50, JPH4, NEUL4, HSH2D, ZN514, AGRG7, RPGR1, ZFR, NAR5, ALPK3, IFT74, PPR36, LRGUK, DNHD1, KLH15, ZN512, RIPR3, RN145, CFA44, ZDH15, PWP2A, DOCK7, ZN830, BROMI, SCLT1, CNT3B, ANR27, GP101, IPO9, LRC3B, PGRP2, INP4A, ADCYA, GBP4, ZN317, NED4L, SLIK1, NEK1, PP1RA, XPO6, H2A1A, MAGI1, SNX18, S26A8, MCCA, CTGE2, HMCN1, S22AC, RANB9, CCNL2, SMC6, ZN347, STRBP, SIN3A, RBM15, PNKP, SETB2, NIBA2, SCN2A, NELL2, PSB7, SEC62, CDC5L, STAC, AGAP2, GA2L1, DNJC2, PHB2, KIF2C, HCD2, CPNE1, EBP2, H2B1N, H2B1M, H2B1L, MYOC, SEM3C, GDF15, AKAP9, MICU1, TRIR, SLX1, MEP50, TBA1C, SELS, MBB1A, SYT3, NRIP2, FYCO1, GPTC1, RIOK1, LLPH, WDR83, S35A5, PIMRE, SOX7, WAC, MTA3, MCMBP, MED10, LRRC1, TBB6, HNRL1, DDX23, TBB2B, TMED9, RIOK2, ELOV1, RFIP5, ASPN, AP1M1, NUSAP, TDRD1, EMIL2, AN30B, SCAPE, RTF2, DUS16, MK67I, HOIL1, RT26, KRA41, SETD2, TBD2A, ACTBM, CNTP3, PC11X, PC11Y, PUS3, UACA, REN3B, CRNL1, EDEM3, UBXN6, API5, ZFHX2, CFA74, CE295, ASXL3, ZN407, LRC27, WDR12, IMUP, SENP6, CHST5, WN10A, EGLN1, PEG3, CHST6, NACA2, PAIP1, LSG1, KLC2, ZN541, INT2, DDX47, F234A, NUCKS, S6A17, ABCG5, EHD4, P2Y12, VPS11, TARA, SLK, TNKS2, RBP17, RM46, PININ, SNX25, MOD5, MTRFR, HRH4, NDST4, PTN23, SEM6B, MFSD1, PIGU, PLK3, FA83D, TRABD, EHD1, MROH8, PDZD7, TFB2M, DHX35, ZN576, BICC1, Z385D, CCD86, PRR36, RANB3, AT133, NRDE2, METL8, ZN430, CAAP1, NOL11, ZFAN3, F204A, VRTN, MARH7, SFXN1, SPE39, VP37B, UBP42, KANL2, LN28A, EAF6, ZN556, LIN7B, RENT2, XPO5, CP343, MKNK2, UBP29, PLRKT, SPC25, GPR35, SPON1, LST2, TANC2, EPG5, K1586, ZBT26, FBSL, ZN334, SPCS, MYO10, APMAP, ZCC17, VTA1, SYSM, SIX2, DCP1A, MED4, GP108, LUC7L, SCUB2, RM40, CASS4, RTN4, IFT46, RPR1B, ANLN, BIRC6, DDX21, SAR1A, ASH1L, ARHG4, ARHG3, MXRA5, SPTN5, SNRK, STRN4, TRYG1, SOSSC, F1142, LTBP3, KRT84, DIAP3, PDS5B, SMC4, MA2C1, RN146, MDN1, LYRM2, SPS2L, ABCF3, MRGBP, SEP11, MED17, FANCI, DDX18, KLH11, RPC5, SDA1, CS073, ARGL1, PK1IP, HPIP, CB042, SDHF2, NHP2, LYAR, MED29, CWC25, THUM1, SCN3A, TBA8, DYH9, HXC10, FKB11, CELR1, CDK12, FMN2, RTEL1, IL36B, SACS, E2AK3, PA2GE, MYOF, BICRA, NOP53, HACD3, KCMF1, RAI14, VAPA, SLAF8, SIRPG, HCN3, DYH2, RCC2, TEN3, RRBP1, CPSF2, SYLC, ANKY1, HOP2, IKBL1, COPG2, MYOTI, P2RX2, SPAST, TRMB, FA8A1, DBF4A, MO4L1, MALT1, DAXX, MARCO, ZBT47, CGBP1, GCP4, KDM5B, SYWM, HMGX4, NOL12, ARMX3, SWP70, SUN2, AFF4, MKRN1, NPCL1, CHRD1, SEPT9, PCS1N, NB5R1, S30BP, PUF60, SCNBA, DNAI1, BAZ2B, PHF11, VAX2, RABX5, TRM6, ZN391, APC7, STML2, VPS28, CCNL1, FBX9, MRT4, PITC1, GPTC8, PARP4, MYO15, TF3C4, ADA28, NUP50, ZN236, ZN346, HCN2, ZN214, NRX1A, ZN608, MRTFB, ATD2B, NEB1, SHRM4, TMCC3, MYO5B, TPX2, NP1L2, MAFF, NOTC3, PRP19, G3BP2, RHG26, CHIP, MAGD2, SSRG, ING4, DIM1, TTF2, L10K, LIMC1, AGAP1, TNR6B, ZC3H4, THS7A, RIMS2, SRRM2, CTND2, BAIP2, SCN8A, PPR3C, LAMP3, RTRAF, RUVB2, LZTS1, TN13B, SYFA, SIGL7, DRG1, NCKP1, TLR6, ATF5, DIP2C, DLGP4, FYV1, KDM2A, TPPC8, KLH20, S27A6, YBOX2, TR150, WBP11, NOP58, NOSIP, LC7L2, SF3B6, ORN, NOP16, TIM16, RT23, RTCB, HCN4, ZN330, RL36, CCDC9, DMXL1, ZAN, KDM3A, MFHA1, PLXD1, HECD4, WDR7, IRS2, HYOU1, OARD1, SP16H, PCDGH, HEY1, SRPRB, O51B2, CORIN, DMRT2, MRCKB, NOX1, RBM8A, ZN706, SNX9, SCNAA, HCFC2, PUS1, MYH4, SPIN1, COPG1, CFA20, EMIL1, PTC2, DC1L1, STYL1, OAS3, TLL2, ZNT1, MYO16, GAK19
Species: Streptomyces avidinii, Gallus gallus, Bos taurus, Sus scrofa, Homo sapiens
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Boulard M, Rucli S, Edwards JR, Bestor TH. Methylation-directed glycosylation of chromatin factors represses retrotransposon promoters. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2020 117(25) 32522876
Abstract:
The mechanisms by which methylated mammalian promoters are transcriptionally silenced even in the presence of all of the factors required for their expression have long been a major unresolved issue in the field of epigenetics. Repression requires the assembly of a methylation-dependent silencing complex that contains the TRIM28 protein (also known as KAP1 and TIF1β), a scaffolding protein without intrinsic repressive or DNA-binding properties. The identity of the key effector within this complex that represses transcription is unknown. We developed a methylation-sensitized interaction screen which revealed that TRIM28 was complexed with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) only in cells that had normal genomic methylation patterns. OGT is the only glycosyltransferase that modifies cytoplasmic and nuclear protein by transfer of N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine and threonine hydroxyls. Whole-genome analysis showed that O-glycosylated proteins and TRIM28 were specifically bound to promoters of active retrotransposons and to imprinting control regions, the two major regulatory sequences controlled by DNA methylation. Furthermore, genome-wide loss of DNA methylation caused a loss of O-GlcNAc from multiple transcriptional repressor proteins associated with TRIM28. A newly developed Cas9-based editing method for targeted removal of O-GlcNAc was directed against retrotransposon promoters. Local chromatin de-GlcNAcylation specifically reactivated the expression of the targeted retrotransposon family without loss of DNA methylation. These data revealed that O-linked glycosylation of chromatin factors is essential for the transcriptional repression of methylated retrotransposons.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
DX39A, MPP10, NOP56, TCRG1, SR140, SNUT1, PRPF3, SMCA5, KDM1A, PR40A, SF3B1, U520, RL1D1, H2A1B, HNRPC, VIME, PARP1, H2AZ, TOP1, TOP2A, H2AX, H15, UBF1, DDX5, RL7, NUCL, LMNB1, FBRL, RS3, DNMT1, U2AF2, RL13, SMCA1, RFC1, DEK, RL4, RBMX, IF4A3, MSH2, CBX5, NOP2, RS9, CTCF, RBM25, SMCA4, HNRPM, MSH6, NUP98, RS3A, RS15A, RS13, RL7A, RS4X, RL23A, RS6, H4, H2B1C, RL8, TRA2B, RACK1, H31, H33, HNRPU, H11, RL18, SRSF1, DHX9, SSRP1, TBL3, CHD3, ILF3, REST, TIF1B, TCOF, SF3B2, HDAC1, NOG2, RBM39, BMS1, CHD4, CUL7, U5S1, SF3B3, PUM3, QSER1, LIN41, SMU1, TDIF2, LITD1, RIF1, TBA1A, EMSY, WDR75, FBXW8, WDR36, DDX17, SNR40, DDX27, ZFR, NACC1, SIN3A, CDC5L, MBB1A, DDX23, UT14A, GTPB4, SENP3, SMRCD, MOV10, DDX21, HELLS, DDX18, DNM3B, ZMYM2, DNM3L, RALY, PRP19, SCML2, DDX52, TR150, NOP58, LAS1L, SP16H, DNM3A
Species: Homo sapiens
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Liu Y, Chen Q, Zhang N, Zhang K, Dou T, Cao Y, Liu Y, Li K, Hao X, Xie X, Li W, Ren Y, Zhang J. Proteomic profiling and genome-wide mapping of O-GlcNAc chromatin-associated proteins reveal an O-GlcNAc-regulated genotoxic stress response. Nature communications 2020 11(1) 33214551
Abstract:
O-GlcNAc modification plays critical roles in regulating the stress response program and cellular homeostasis. However, systematic and multi-omics studies on the O-GlcNAc regulated mechanism have been limited. Here, comprehensive data are obtained by a chemical reporter-based method to survey O-GlcNAc function in human breast cancer cells stimulated with the genotoxic agent adriamycin. We identify 875 genotoxic stress-induced O-GlcNAc chromatin-associated proteins (OCPs), including 88 O-GlcNAc chromatin-associated transcription factors and cofactors (OCTFs), subsequently map their genomic loci, and construct a comprehensive transcriptional reprogramming network. Notably, genotoxicity-induced O-GlcNAc enhances the genome-wide interactions of OCPs with chromatin. The dynamic binding switch of hundreds of OCPs from enhancers to promoters is identified as a crucial feature in the specific transcriptional activation of genes involved in the adaptation of cancer cells to genotoxic stress. The OCTF nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-1 (NRF1) is found to be a key response regulator in O-GlcNAc-modulated cellular homeostasis. These results provide a valuable clue suggesting that OCPs act as stress sensors by regulating the expression of various genes to protect cancer cells from genotoxic stress.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
RBM47, SBNO1, CNOT1, RGPD3, P121C, PDLI1, MYO1C, AIP, PSD11, PGRC1, TAF4, CLIC1, IPO5, IF2B3, AGRIN, PLOD2, HMGN4, IMA4, PESC, NOP56, DDX3X, PODXL, IMA3, NFIB, ARI1A, G3PT, PDCD5, TCRG1, PSA7, SCAM3, HGS, MYPT1, HNRDL, XPO1, ZN609, SC16A, SR140, SET1A, NPC1, TBX3, ARC1B, TIF1A, PGRC2, PFD6, NKRF, ZN185, OGT1, HMGB3, PPM1G, EIF3D, IPO8, RPA34, NUP42, DHX15, PRP4, SERA, PSMD3, RFOX2, PAPS1, MCA3, HNRPR, PRPF3, TPD54, IF4G3, KLF4, E41L2, DENR, XPOT, PRC1, ZN207, GET3, BUB3, ACTN4, BUD23, SYNC, KRT86, CPSF5, U3IP2, CALU, SAHH2, MED14, SMCA5, ZN862, GANP, KDM1A, ACSL4, SNX3, OGA, HNRPQ, PLOD3, MAFK, IMA7, UGDH, PQBP1, DKC1, IF2P, EDF1, DNJA2, BRD4, PFD1, WDR1, CPNE3, ZC11A, CLU, T22D2, PP6R2, CREST, ANR17, PDCD6, TBCA, H2AY, FLNB, NCOR1, SC22B, PR40A, PSIP1, SRS10, SF3B1, CSDE1, NPM3, U520, NU155, WDHD1, CRTAP, IDHC, CCNK, PIAS2, SPF27, DNJC8, RL1D1, SRP72, MTA2, TOM70, TOX4, SC24D, SUN1, NFAT5, AP2A2, SC31A, SEM3D, AGFG2, ZRAB2, LC7L3, LYPD3, FKBP9, SMC2, IPO7, AHSA1, PSMG1, SC24A, SC24B, CNOT4, OXSR1, HS74L, AP2A1, BAG3, CLPT1, ACL6A, LDHA, AATM, EGFR, PGK1, ASSY, LDLR, K1C14, LMNA, APOA2, FINC, ALBU, TFR1, PROC, ALDOA, CYTB, ANXA1, GCR, KITH, THY1, K2C1, G3P, HSPB1, RPN1, GNAI2, AT1A1, AT1B1, ADT2, IF2A, HMGN2, ICAM1, RLA2, JUN, LA, ITB1, K1C18, K2C8, CDK1, ATPB, S10A6, ENOA, PYGL, G6PI, NPM, ITAV, ACBP, LDHB, PDIA1, H10, CATD, ANXA2, TBB5, PROF1, SYEP, HS90A, HNRPC, TSP1, SP1, ANXA6, RHOC, DAF, MDR1, 4F2, HS90B, SRPRA, ASNS, CY1, RU17, ITA5, NFIC, VIME, RS17, K2C7, ANXA5, K1C16, RSSA, SNRPA, GSTP1, LEG1, HMGB1, TPM1, ROA1, RU2A, PARP1, PPBI, UCHL1, ALDOC, ATX1L, HS71B, CALM3, RO60, H14, PTPRF, THIO, ESTD, CH60, BIP, HSP7C, LAMP1, TOP1, TOP2A, PYC, C1TC, MPRI, ADHX, PABP1, PCNA, HARS1, IMDH2, TPR, KCRB, ACTN1, XRCC6, XRCC5, RINI, EF2, K1C10, K2C5, PDIA4, P4HA1, PLST, T2FB, CD59, MIF, GLU2B, CBPM, AK1A1, KPYM, ENPL, CCNB1, PO2F1, HNRPL, SYDC, PLAK, ALDR, AMPN, ERF3A, EZRI, FOSL1, FOSL2, MCP, NQO1, GNS, ZEP1, RS2, DESP, MUC1, CD44, CBR1, CREB1, H15, H13, H12, NCPR, AT2A2, CD36, STMN1, HSP76, HMGA1, JUNB, UBF1, JUND, ATF7, CEBPB, PYRG1, DDX5, PFKAL, LEG3, TCPA, PTN1, RL35A, RL7, VINC, SON, RL17, PGAM1, RCC1, ATF1, ML12A, NUCL, SPEE, RXRA, NFKB1, IF2B, ANXA7, BTF3, PSB1, MPRD, LMNB1, CSRP1, FLNA, 5NTD, VDAC1, CD9, TGM2, PIMT, FBRL, PUR2, PUR6, UBA1, NDKB, ROA2, RFX1, CBL, TCEA1, ITA6, SFPQ, PPIB, SYWC, RS3, NFYA, SAHH, COF1, IF4B, KTHY, EF1B, PPAC, CDK2, MCM3, RS12, BRD2, DNJB1, ATPA, PSA1, PSA3, PSA4, S100P, ITA3, MOES, DDX6, DNMT1, PAX6, U2AF2, RL13, S10A4, HMGB2, PTBP1, SYTC, SYVC, EF1G, STOM, 1433T, ARNT, RL10, RFA1, APEX1, PYR1, CALR, MAP4, CALX, TEAD1, GRN, EPHA2, 3MG, TKT, RBMS1, PML, EF1D, ERP29, PRDX6, RL12, KCY, PEBP1, PDIA3, 2AAA, NMT1, PURA2, UFO, SORCN, ILEU, RPB2, METK2, TIA1, ZEP2, DNJA1, PUR9, HNRH3, HNRH1, 1433B, 1433S, STIP1, S10AB, L1CAM, PRDX2, CDD, ELF1, RL9, CD70, KINH, CSTF2, MCM4, MCM5, MCM7, GLYM, HSP74, PROF2, PHB1, SPB6, RFC4, RL22, K1C9, MYH9, MYH10, COPB2, BASI, FUS, NU214, DEK, K22E, PRS7, ATPG, RL4, PP1G, GNL1, SRP14, NUP62, TAGL2, TALDO, RBMX, VKGC, HSPA9, IF4A3, RS19, RL3, OST48, FEN1, CAPG, TXLNA, TCPZ, RL13A, STAT3, MDHC, MDHM, IF2G, GARS, SYIC, LAP2A, LAP2B, MTREX, RS27, LPPRC, RL35, CDN2A, ECE1, LIS1, MUC18, MATR3, MSH2, SSRA, RANG, VDAC2, CBX5, UBP5, KI67, RAGP1, RECQ1, NOP2, BAG6, NOTC1, RL27A, RL5, RL21, RL28, RS9, RS5, RS10, IQGA1, CAPZB, IF1AX, RL29, SOX9, COPD, GSH0, PSMD8, PRC2A, TCPE, PTSS1, K2C6C, AGRE5, PAXI, RL34, LMAN1, NASP, FAS, CDK8, TCPG, EFTU, SYAC, SYSC, MCM2, ACADV, YLPM1, TMEDA, RBM25, HINT1, NU153, RBP2, TAF6, GUAA, CRIP1, GDIB, EMD, SERPH, F10A1, MAP2, RL14, TCPQ, TCPD, ANX11, PAPOA, FXR1, FXR2, RAB7A, SMCA4, SSRD, HDGF, ROA3, 6PGD, HNRPM, IMA1, GDIR1, AGFG1, HNRPF, MSH6, CAZA1, CRIP2, NUP98, ACLY, COPA, SC24C, TCP4, SYRC, ATX1, ATN1, SYYC, UBP14, AT1B3, RD23B, SNAA, IF5, PSMD4, XPO2, TERA, AF10, AF17, NP1L1, ADK, DSRAD, SEC13, NH2L1, PSA, EIF3B, SYMC, IF6, CTBP2, TMM33, NU107, EPIPL, TPIS, EIF3E, SC61B, MYL6, ACTB, IF4A1, RS20, PRPS1, PSA6, S10AA, CDC42, DEST, RAB10, UBC12, UBE2N, ARP3, ABCE1, RS3A, RL26, PSME3, RL15, RL27, RL37A, S61A1, PFD3, B2MG, DAD1, SUMO2, WDR5, NTF2, HNRPK, 1433G, RS7, PP1A, PP1B, RS8, RS15A, RS16, 1433E, RS14, RS23, RS18, RS29, RS13, RS11, RUXE, SMD1, SMD2, SMD3, PRS10, RL7A, ERF1, CNBP, RS4X, RL23A, RS6, H4, RAN, RL23, RAP1A, RS24, RS25, RS26, RS30, GBB2, RL30, RL31, RL10A, RL32, RL11, RL8, PPIA, FKB1A, RS27A, TRA2B, AP2B1, 1433Z, RSMN, SUMO1, DYL1, RL38, RS21, RACK1, UBC9, YBOX1, CSK2B, TPM4, EF1A1, ACTS, TBA1B, TBA4A, TBB4B, CSK21, PA1B2, HBB, HBA, PITX1, GTF2I, PHC1, TCPB, RAE1L, PRKDC, SARNP, RL24, ARF1, ERH, RL19, SRSF3, FOXK1, DAB2, EFNB1, RBM10, RBM3, CYC, S25A3, VIGLN, CLH1, FKBP3, HNRPU, U2AF1, SPTB2, TIAR, SRSF2, FOXK2, RUNX1, FABP5, LAT1, TFAP4, OTUD4, PFKAP, XPC, EWS, MEF2A, SP3, H11, RL18A, FKBP4, PLOD1, RL6, M2OM, DYST, KMT2A, LMNB2, TF65, UBXN1, GLGB, IF4G1, K1C17, REL, 1433F, PLP2, CSTF1, SRS11, EF1A2, SUH, GABPA, PAX8, FMR1, PRDX1, RL18, CKAP4, KHDR1, LRP1, SRSF1, DHX9, LG3BP, PPID, SSRP1, NSUN2, RBBP4, EP300, AHNK, HSP7E, GALT2, BST2, NU160, TBL3, ASPH, TROAP, BPTF, NFIA, SF3A3, AIMP1, ILF2, ILF3, LMAN2, TRAP1, FOXC1, MYO1E, CSTF3, ECH1, ACACA, CAF1B, RED, MTAP, TADBP, ROA0, PRDX4, CBX3, PSMD2, GPS2, SRSF9, SRSF5, SRSF6, TIF1B, G3BP1, PTK7, PABP4, EIF3I, TCOF, SF3B2, HAP28, FKBP5, SMAD4, PICAL, TBB3, PRP4K, PIN1, RIPK1, HDAC1, DCTN2, SNW1, TRA2A, CUL4B, DYR1A, TPBG, FHL1, MOGS, CD166, SPTN1, DX39B, TBB2A, KLF5, BYST, RUNX2, CDK13, CKAP5, CIRBP, HNRPD, SCRB2, DAG1, VEZF1, DSG2, EIF3A, UBP2L, SCRIB, TTL12, FHL2, DPYL3, DYHC1, IF4A2, SRC8, TRI25, FLNC, FA50A, CAPR1, RBM39, MCM6, ITPR1, PUM1, MDC1, EPN4, SMC1A, RRP1B, NCOA6, GSE1, UBP10, GANAB, LBR, MEF2D, CHD4, LASP1, ZN638, IMB1, NOLC1, NUMA1, SEPT2, SART3, CND1, ACAP1, U5S1, SYK, IF4H, PDIA6, PLEC, NOMO1, PON2, IPYR, TEBP, NONO, PWP2, RNPS1, PCBP1, PCBP2, SF3B3, KS6A1, SAFB1, SF3A2, RBMS2, SC23A, SC23B, SF3A1, SSXT, NCOA2, TRAM1, SF01, MED1, HMGN3, JHD2C, TRIP6, MARE1, ELAV1, ELF2, TAB1, AAAT, TOM34, UB2V2, NEDD8, ZYX, SEPT7, ADRM1, UAP1, PSMD5, DDB1, CDC37, DPYL2, RBBP7, TAF9, SRSF7, CPSF6, NRF1, FSCN1, IF16, KYNU, H2A2C, H2B2E, TRXR1, HNRL2, PDS5A, QSER1, TSR1, SMU1, P3H1, LSM12, CRTC2, GLE1, H90B2, ZN326, BCORL, TGO1, PRC2B, RRP12, TOIP1, PCID2, NU188, HP1B3, CE170, ZN362, ZC3HD, LRIF1, UBR4, UBAP2, KPRP, RBM26, AHDC1, CROCC, RPRD2, ECM29, MBNL2, ZMYM4, AR6P4, STEA4, ARID2, BICRL, CPIN1, LIN54, TM214, CAVN1, CDC73, EDC4, PRP8, SCYL2, GOLM2, NFRKB, NCEH1, MDEAS, ZC3HE, LARP1, FIP1, CRTC3, SAS6, CSPG4, WDR82, MCAF1, PACS1, SRCAP, RIPR1, UBN2, FBX50, IKIP, H32, LARP4, H2AV, RS27L, HAKAI, SPT6H, SND1, DDX46, 5MP2, CYFP1, KDM3B, PHF5A, ZCCHV, NUP54, POGZ, NUFP2, HEAT3, EMSY, RAI1, I2BP2, RBBP6, SH3R1, HUWE1, YTHD3, KHDC4, CENPV, KAISO, MYPN, PEG10, PABP2, KTN1, THOC4, GP180, CAND1, CARM1, PRSR1, DDX42, DAAF5, P66A, RB6I2, CHERP, ANKH1, CCAR1, RAVR1, SPB1, SMAP1, PHAR4, MAML2, PORIM, CCAR2, NUP93, LRC47, MT1M, FNBP4, CPSF7, PR38A, GT251, TXND5, SERB1, FA98A, TNR6A, PHC3, ABCF1, VP37A, NUP43, NUP37, NUP35, RLA0L, THOC2, WDR36, SMRC2, PUM2, SPP2A, ALMS1, C99L2, DDX54, DLG5, BRX1, DOT1L, PO210, GEMI5, ZN384, SCRB1, ZC3HF, NU133, PDC6I, NUDC2, GLMP, LMO7, ATX2L, PALLD, PSPC1, P66B, DNJC9, ELYS, DDX1, H1X, NICA, TM131, MAML1, HS105, CNOT9, ZN592, LAR4B, GCN1, NU205, TFG, TAF4B, STAM1, CBP, RBP56, DDX17, CELF1, OSTF1, RENT1, SMRC1, SMRD2, FUBP2, TNPO1, NEP1, UBP7, STMN2, LPP, MED12, H2A1C, SMCE1, RL36L, NCLN, FERM2, FUBP1, LRC59, FKB10, PF21A, INT12, FWCH2, AP2M1, REPS1, CMBL, SNR40, SEH1, DAZP1, RBM33, S10AG, OTUB1, HMCES, DDX27, P121A, PDLI5, FUBP3, WNK4, CHAP1, ZC3HA, CLP1L, CNDP2, ZFR, EP400, PRRC1, NOL4L, RBM14, QKI, PLIN4, S38A2, VPS35, CIC, MED15, MCCA, WRIP1, STRBP, TM209, SIN3A, MINT, UHRF1, HTF4, CDC5L, PFD5, RING2, EYA3, NUP88, POP1, MNT, SCAFB, EIF3C, DNJC7, PHB2, ATX2, ROAA, NP1L4, TS101, CPNE1, TCPH, EBP2, ANM1, H2B1M, RNZ2, TBA1C, MBB1A, TXD17, ERP44, ESYT1, WAC, DIDO1, AN32E, TMM43, TBB6, HNRL1, DDX23, TBB2B, TM109, TMED9, NUP58, GNL3, KIFC1, NUP85, RBM4, NAA15, SRRT, PDIP3, YTHD1, WNK3, GTPB4, UNK, SLIRP, IF5A2, NAT10, ILKAP, XRN2, SP130, RGAP1, DDX47, I2BPL, PININ, BOLA2, PTN23, WNK1, FA83D, ZHX3, STEEP, RPF2, ZN703, GORS2, JUPI2, MLXIP, CYBP, RC3H2, TENS1, EMAL4, NCOA5, TNR6C, CHD8, APMAP, ENY2, CD320, UBN1, DCP1A, LUC7L, RTN4, RPR1B, NIT2, ANLN, PDLI7, DDX21, SIAS, SHLB2, MBNL1, OSTC, RAB6B, PHP14, SYFB, RBM12, DD19A, LYAR, CARF, BCLF1, TAB2, TMOD3, CDK12, IF2B1, MAT2B, MYOF, ITSN2, BICRA, CNOT2, SEP10, RCC2, BCCIP, RRBP1, RBM27, KANL3, ATX10, MRC2, SAE2, NXF1, ABCF2, TES, TCF20, SUN2, LIMA1, CHRD1, SEPT9, UBQL2, S30BP, MED13, PFD2, PUF60, XPO7, SIX4, DDX41, CCNL1, JUPI1, MRT4, GPTC8, NUDT5, RALY, ACINU, AGO2, NUP50, ZHX1, CDV3, TRPC5, MRTFB, ZMIZ1, YETS2, HECD1, ZMYD8, COR1C, TPX2, AKP8L, PRP19, UBQL1, G3BP2, CHIP, PACN2, SSRG, EPCR, SCAF8, TRI33, SRRM2, PA2G4, CD11A, SMC3, RTRAF, RUVB2, EIF3L, RUVB1, NUDC, SYFA, DRG1, E41L3, RRP44, TR150, WBP11, NOP58, ZN281, SGT1, NOSIP, LSM2, LC7L2, SBDS, STRAP, RTCB, NOC2L, RL36, CHTOP, TLN1, ARIP4, HYOU1, PRC2C, PPME1, YTHD2, SP16H, TNPO3, SRPRB, RBM8A, ZN706, NCOR2, NPTN, COPG1, CLIC4, MD1L1, 5MP1, IF2B2, SCC4, ZHX2, S23IP
Species: Homo sapiens
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Fujiki R, Hashiba W, Sekine H, Yokoyama A, Chikanishi T, Ito S, Imai Y, Kim J, He HH, Igarashi K, Kanno J, Ohtake F, Kitagawa H, Roeder RG, Brown M, Kato S. GlcNAcylation of histone H2B facilitates its monoubiquitination. Nature 2011 480(7378) 22121020
Abstract:
Chromatin reorganization is governed by multiple post-translational modifications of chromosomal proteins and DNA. These histone modifications are reversible, dynamic events that can regulate DNA-driven cellular processes. However, the molecular mechanisms that coordinate histone modification patterns remain largely unknown. In metazoans, reversible protein modification by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is catalysed by two enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). However, the significance of GlcNAcylation in chromatin reorganization remains elusive. Here we report that histone H2B is GlcNAcylated at residue S112 by OGT in vitro and in living cells. Histone GlcNAcylation fluctuated in response to extracellular glucose through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). H2B S112 GlcNAcylation promotes K120 monoubiquitination, in which the GlcNAc moiety can serve as an anchor for a histone H2B ubiquitin ligase. H2B S112 GlcNAc was localized to euchromatic areas on fly polytene chromosomes. In a genome-wide analysis, H2B S112 GlcNAcylation sites were observed widely distributed over chromosomes including transcribed gene loci, with some sites co-localizing with H2B K120 monoubiquitination. These findings suggest that H2B S112 GlcNAcylation is a histone modification that facilitates H2BK120 monoubiquitination, presumably for transcriptional activation.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
A4D0Y7, A4D111, A4D1Q6, A4D1R6, TBAL3, IMA8, HAX1, IMA4, IMA3, HNRDL, XPO1, P4HA2, NUP42, HNRPR, PPIH, CPSF5, HNRPQ, IMA7, HNRC1, PR40A, BAF, U520, NU155, RL1D1, AP2A2, K2C75, LMNA, VTNC, K2C1, HSPB1, H2A1B, RLA1, RLA2, RLA0, K1C18, K2C8, NPM, PDIA1, HNRPC, ODPA, VIME, RS17, K2C7, ROA1, H2AZ, CH60, BIP, HSP7C, PABP1, K1C13, P4HA1, TRI27, FOLR1, RS2, H13, HSP76, RL7, RL17, NUCL, LMNB1, FBRL, ROA2, SFPQ, RS3, H2B1O, RS12, ATPA, U2AF2, RL13, RBMS1, RL12, HNRH1, RL9, HS71L, RL22, NU214, RL4, NUP62, RBMX, HSPA9, IF4A3, RS19, RL3, LAP2A, LAP2B, RS27, MATR3, RL27A, RL5, RL21, RS9, RS5, EFTU, RBP2, FXR1, FXR2, NDUA8, ROA3, HNRPM, IMA1, HNRPF, NUP98, HSP72, SEC13, NH2L1, HNRH2, NU107, ACTB, RS3A, RL27, RL37A, RS7, RS16, RS14, RS23, RS13, RUXE, RUXF, SMD1, SMD2, SMD3, RL7A, RS4X, H4, H2B1C, RAN, RL23, RS15, RL30, RL31, RL32, RL11, RL8, TRA2B, EF1A1, RAE1L, ERH, RL19, SRSF3, H33, HNRPU, U2AF1, TIAR, H11, RL18A, RL6, K1C17, SSBP, CSTF1, RL18, KHDR1, SRSF1, DHX9, NCBP1, NU160, SF3A3, ILF3, CSTF3, TADBP, ROA0, SRSF6, G3BP1, PABP4, SF3B2, SPTN1, HNRPD, UBP2L, PUM1, IMB1, U5S1, PDIA6, PLEC, NONO, RCN1, SF3B3, SF3B4, SF3A2, RBMS2, SF3A1, SF01, ELAV1, SRSF7, SMU1, NU188, UBAP2, PRP8, NUP54, K1C28, LYRIC, NUP43, NUP37, NUP35, SMRC2, PUM2, Q8TEA6, PO210, NU133, PRP31, TFG, FUBP2, TNPO1, LRC59, MSI2H, SNR40, SEH1, FUBP3, ZFR, RBM14, STRBP, NUP88, ROAA, EBP2, DDX50, TBA1C, HNRL1, NUP58, NUP85, XRN2, CSTFT, RPF2, NCOA5, NXT2, DDX21, Q9P0H6, DJB11, NXF1, PUF60, MRT4, NXT1, NUP50, PRP19, G3BP2, YBOX2, LSM2, RM11, RL36
Species: Homo sapiens
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