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Hung YW, Ouyang C, Ping X, Qi Y, Wang YC, Kung HJ, Ann DK. Extracellular arginine availability modulates eIF2α O-GlcNAcylation and heme oxygenase 1 translation for cellular homeostasis. Journal of biomedical science 2023 30(1) 37217939
Abstract:
Nutrient limitations often lead to metabolic stress during cancer initiation and progression. To combat this stress, the enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1, commonly known as HO-1) is thought to play a key role as an antioxidant. However, there is a discrepancy between the level of HO-1 mRNA and its protein, particularly in cells under stress. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of proteins (O-GlcNAcylation) is a recently discovered cellular signaling mechanism that rivals phosphorylation in many proteins, including eukaryote translation initiation factors (eIFs). The mechanism by which eIF2α O-GlcNAcylation regulates translation of HO-1 during extracellular arginine shortage (ArgS) remains unclear.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
TVBY1, TX13D, CC195, SPEM3, TVB42, FR1L5, HFM1, CCD66, SBNO1, Z804B, LRRD1, XIRP2, POTEF, PSD1, BDP1, NKX26, SWAHB, F181B, SMCO2, MGT4D, CAN8, EPOP, SMHD1, AKD1B, T200C, AQP73, AXA2L, NTM2B, ZAR1L, AN36A, NEU1B, GG6L6, B2R853, KDM4E, HNRC2, ERVV1, HNRC3, TEX22, TM232, MEIOS, CK098, SO1B7, TEX46, KIF2A, BACH, MYO1C, AP3B1, IKBE, HIP1, TULP1, WASL, PDE2A, SAP18, DNM1L, IFRD1, ZN593, FAAH1, PESC, SDCB1, MPP10, NOP56, DDX3X, CCN1, PLPP3, NCKP5, AGRB1, AP3D1, IDLC, CHD1, CHD2, PDCD5, ANM5, H17B6, FPGT, TCRG1, KIF3C, GEMI2, ML12B, CLGN, MYPT1, S27A2, XPO1, AT2A1, PLXB2, SR140, PER2, GRRE1, MCF2L, NACAD, ATS3, ANR28, VILL, LAMA5, MATN3, ATX7, INP4B, TRI18, GPR37, RPA34, MAGB3, PER1, KDM6A, DHX15, TTI1, PRP4, SERA, ADA12, IRAK2, ZW10, SNUT1, SPIT2, SRGP3, VIP2, PRPF3, GRID2, TGON2, LAT, SYT7, PLRG1, BUB3, PLPP2, PI15, ACTN4, SCO2, IDH3B, CALU, AGRB3, MED14, FGF17, PRKN, JIP4, KIF5C, ZC3H1, KATIP, OPA1, KIF1B, NMD3B, PEPL, PLXC1, ADCY9, HNRPQ, TPST1, RNBP6, CCNT1, FAIM3, ANM3, HCN1, RT14, HNRC1, H2B1K, PQBP1, PRAF2, DKC1, IF2P, TRI13, DNJA2, BRD4, NBN, IGSF3, DEN4B, ADA23, MFA3L, CLAP2, OBSL1, BRE1B, RFIP3, KDM4A, DJC13, ANR17, ZPR1, NIPS2, HMMR, ZN217, SC22B, PR40A, DPOLQ, ZN254, PSIP1, ERLN1, ECI2, KHDR3, TADA3, SF3B1, MED6, FOXH1, SPB7, U520, UTP20, TCEA3, SPI2, KLF7, MMP23, RASF9, CCNK, PRAF3, DYSF, SPF27, ATP5H, TRIO, RL1D1, NEBL, OCTN2, PDE9A, SRP72, B3GA3, UBP1, SLIT2, TOM70, MICA2, NFASC, FARP2, ERLN2, PRP6, GLSK, RNF37, WDR47, AP2A2, CE152, HEXI1, UBE4B, CSPG5, LETM1, LC7L3, KIF4A, GOSR1, KAT7, MRP6, TNKS1, KCNK5, VAPB, IPO7, M3K6, UTS2, CD2B2, FMNL1, SGPL1, G6PE, SC24A, ACSL3, DUS4L, ZBT11, CPSF4, K2C75, HERC2, SNP29, AP2A1, WIZ, STAU1, BAG2, ONEC2, TOP3B, APCL, PX11B, PAK4, LDHA, NB5R3, F13A, MOS, PGK1, TRYP, OVAL, IGHG1, IGHG2, IGHG3, IGHG4, HLAH, HBE, LMNA, ALBU, VTDB, TRFE, FRIH, MIS, VTNC, TDT, ALDOA, ANXA1, APOB, OAT, K2C1, SEMG1, TBB4A, G3P, NTRK1, P53, HSPB1, RPN1, RPN2, B3A2, AT1A1, CP17A, ITB2, HMGN1, CFAI, PCCA, IF2A, HMGN2, RLA1, RLA2, RLA0, AP2A, INSR, AGAL, RB, CDK1, ATPB, ENOA, NPM, TPM3, H2B1J, LDHB, H10, CATD, ANXA2, CO8A, TBB5, PROF1, HS90A, HNRPC, TPM2, GLI1, ACM2, CEL2A, HS90B, SRPRA, ODPA, CO4A2, MET, RU17, VIME, RS17, K2C7, ANXA5, K1C16, RSSA, GSTP1, RU1C, VILI, HMGB1, TPM1, WNT2, ROA1, C1S, PARP1, H2BFM, ATX1L, MYZAP, ZCC18, POTEI, POTEJ, SP9, UBB, UBC, MPC1L, ST1A4, HS71B, C1C1L, IGG1, D130B, M14OS, TBA3D, PR20G, TZAP, ACRO, H14, ODP2, THIO, PPGB, CH60, THA, BIP, HSP7C, ODPB, PYGB, PYGM, BCR, SPTB1, TOP1, PYC, DMD, C1TC, PABP1, K2C3, CO6A2, SKI, FETUA, ACTN1, MYH7, XRCC6, XRCC5, EF2, K1C10, K1C13, K2C5, TNNT1, COBA2, SUIS, KPYM, ENPL, CCNB1, HNRPL, MYOD1, EZRI, AREG, NQO1, RS2, CD44, H15, H13, H12, YBOX3, ZNF18, ZN182, ZNF43, HSP76, HMGA1, ZNF8, KPCA, CXA1, UBF1, DESM, NEUM, CR1, IBP3, TCPA, ITB5, RL7, SON, RL17, SDC1, K2C4, NUCL, E2AK2, CSK22, NCF2, FST, IF2B, ANXA7, CD33, BTF3, TNR1B, RAB3B, CAN3, ICAL, CO5A1, PHOS, CD11B, CSRP1, FLNA, PERL, TENX, PUR6, UBA1, H1T, ROA2, SAV, FBLN1, TCEA1, ITA6, SFPQ, PPIB, RS3, PTPRE, H2B1O, COF1, IF4B, CPT2, CCND1, RAE1, KPCL, THIL, RPB1, LAMA1, DNJB1, ATPA, DDX6, CTNA2, DNMT1, U2AF2, RL13, S10A4, HMGB2, PTBP1, HGFL, STOM, PON1, 1433T, RL10, CALR, MAP4, CALX, PSA5, ABCD3, LYOX, HXD10, PTPRM, PTN4, T2EB, EPHA2, EPHA8, TKT, LMOD1, EF1D, RL12, PDIA3, 2AAA, MPIP3, BKRB2, NKTR, KPYR, SDHA, HXA10, HXA9, GBRA5, DNJA1, AKT1, HNRH1, 1433B, S10AB, P5CR1, IFNA8, DSG3, RL9, KINH, CP2CI, H2B1B, EVI2B, HS71L, HSP74, PHB1, MERL, RADI, RL22, T2FA, SCN1A, K1C9, FBN1, FBN2, IRS1, MYH9, MYH10, COPB2, SOAT1, FUS, DEK, CYLC1, MYH11, AHR, K22E, ACHA7, RL4, LONM, ACV1B, SRP14, ZEB1, TAGL2, BRCA1, VATA, GRP75, RS19, RL3, OST48, FEN1, TXLNA, TCPZ, ARL1, UBP8, RFC3, ECHA, IF2G, PERI, BUD31, NAA10, KDM5C, GARS, SYIC, NBL1, LAP2A, LAP2B, EPS15, RS27, LPPRC, RL35, PF2R, MUC18, MATR3, GPDM, RANG, NAMPT, EFTS, KI67, RAGP1, ATRX, IF2M, BAG6, RL27A, RL5, RL21, RS9, RS5, RS10, MAP1B, IQGA1, IF1AX, OMP, RL29, ATPO, TCPE, K2C6C, KC1A, MASP1, HSP77, TCPG, EFTU, SRP09, SYAC, SYCC, SYSC, YLPM1, TMEDA, RBM25, TSC2, GUAA, ENTP1, MEOX1, ST1A1, ST1A2, GATM, SERPH, KNTC1, CDK9, R144A, RL14, TCPQ, TCPD, FXR1, RAB7A, ZNF83, SSRD, AL3A2, DHB4, PSMD7, CCL11, ZNF41, ROA3, MYOM1, HNRPM, IMA1, IMA5, MP2K6, HNRPF, MSH6, HMGA2, CRIP2, COPB, COPA, CRBB1, SMTN, MOT1, IST1, SC24C, TCP4, SYRC, ATX3, TERF1, SYYC, HSP72, ATNG, EPHA4, GYS2, DRG2, XPO2, MFAP1, PAR2, BRPF1, NP1L1, ANM2, PSA, EIF3B, SYMC, HDAC4, IF6, RP1, NRG3, H2BFS, UBS3A, WDR4, SNX16, SELB, SESN2, H2B1D, NAL11, DJB13, TPIS, MYPR, MYL6, ACTB, IF4A1, RS20, S10AA, CDC42, DEST, SRP54, RAB2A, RAB14, ZC3H6, ACTZ, ARF3, ABCE1, RS3A, RL26, RL15, RL27, RL37A, DCAF7, HNRPK, RRAS2, RS7, RS8, RS15A, RS16, 1433E, RS14, RS18, RS29, RS13, RS11, SMD1, SMD2, ARF6, RL7A, RS4X, ACTA, RL23A, RS6, VISL1, H4, H2B1C, RAB1A, RAN, RL23, RS15, RS24, RS25, RS26, RS30, RL39, RL31, RL10A, RL32, RL11, RL8, PPIA, RS27A, RL40, TRA2B, AP2B1, 1433Z, 2ABA, RL38, RACK1, ACTG, ACTH, YBOX1, CSK2B, TPM4, ACTC, EF1A1, ACTS, TBA1B, TBA4A, TBB4B, CSK21, HBG1, HBG2, NOP14, RPP30, PHC1, S35A1, PRKDC, M3K9, SSBP2, RT22, RT11, RT09, ATL3, RL24, RL19, SRSF3, MUC5A, TFAM, CLH1, NFKB2, HNRPU, MYPC1, MDM2, U2AF1, AMPD2, DIAC, CAP1, K22O, CAC1D, EXOSX, PFKAP, EWS, CO4A3, AK17A, CENPE, MMSA, BDH, DSG1, H11, GHRHR, M3K10, PLOD1, RL6, PO3F1, CAV1, KMT2A, TAP2, ZN117, IF4G1, SRS11, EF1A2, CALD1, AT5G2, PTN11, GABP1, ZN33A, FMR1, PRDX1, RL18, C1QBP, CKAP4, PDE4B, KHDR1, SLC31, SOS2, SRSF1, ACTN3, TLE5, SRSF4, DHX9, GOGA2, DSC1, SSRP1, CAMP2, NSUN2, AHNK, DIK1C, LR74A, LMOD3, CF210, GALT2, AP1B1, HMGX3, NU160, TBL3, TF3C1, ASPH, TROP, BPTF, CNTN1, SFSWA, CHD3, SF3A3, NMDE1, TP53B, ILF3, TIAM1, AKAP6, FLII, TRDN, ACACA, ZBT17, REST, TADBP, ROA0, CBX3, STK3, CBLB, DNJC3, M3K1, SRSF6, I15RA, G3BP1, ATM, AP3B2, PPIG, TCOF, SF3B2, GOGA4, ROCK1, TOP3A, SQSTM, MED21, MTX1, TBB3, PRP4K, ATR, KCC2D, TDG, SNW1, DGKZ, CUL1, S12A1, MOGS, NACA, THOC5, NOG2, PTK6, TBB2A, CAC1C, CKAP5, CO4A6, LRP8, PDE1C, BOP1, SEPT6, MORC3, EFR3A, UBP2L, SIM2, DYHC1, ELOA1, TRI25, MYPC2, FRG1, CAPR1, RBM39, SCN5A, PDIA5, HS902, ZN266, ZN235, SMC1A, RRP1B, NCOA6, GANAB, 2A5D, MVP, LTBP1, GOGB1, GRM7, CHD4, LASP1, RB39A, IMB1, PSME4, CUL7, NAA25, RTP5, MO4L2, SEPT2, SUZ12, U5S1, BRD3, EEA1, PDIA6, PCOC1, PDK2, PLEC, PCM1, NONO, RASA2, RNPS1, PCBP1, PCBP2, SF3B3, RYR3, CNN3, SF3B4, RBMS2, SF3A1, SIX1, MED22, TRAM1, SF01, TRIPB, OASL, MED1, TRIP6, TWST1, PI5PA, CEBPE, AAAT, TOM34, NCOA1, GRK1, SCN9A, ZYX, SEPT7, UAP1, GBRA6, CSRP2, CDC37, IL17, DPYL2, M3K11, SRSF7, CPSF6, AT2B3, H2A2C, H2B2E, HCDH, FA98C, TIGD6, NKPD1, KNOP1, ESRG, PDS5A, MOONR, BLTP1, KIF7, TSR1, C19L2, CO3, PRTG, GAB4, ZN750, P3H1, RA1L2, MA7D1, CHD9, TKFC, PTHB1, RABL6, TBB8, CRFM7, GLYR1, C2CD3, LARP7, TB10B, A20A4, GRAP1, MIDN, PKDCC, CN177, CEP55, KLH22, PLA1A, SGO2, ACTBL, BRDT, H90B4, H90B3, H90B2, HS905, ODFP2, ESCO1, SH319, AN36C, PPM1J, FGD3, RRP12, CF157, ZN484, GNAS1, GASP1, EOGT, BRM1L, H2B2F, PPM1L, TM201, CA167, TT39A, HP1B3, CE170, FREM2, CE85L, SZT2, AXDN1, EYS, ZC3HD, GPTC4, RBM20, UBR4, GNTK, ER6L2, HENMT, TTC22, FRY, B2L15, KAD9, M3K21, DDI2, MROH9, EFCB6, A20A1, CROCC, CL060, OBSCN, FA78B, EF1A3, PR38B, BRE1A, SMBT2, SPO16, TASO2, MALR1, ECM29, SHE, NAA35, TM268, RES18, K2C79, KFA, WSCD1, F91A1, CP135, AR6P4, MROH7, UTP25, RHG17, Z518A, SCAR3, KDM4D, IQEC1, XAF1, OVOS1, CAPR2, IQCE, ZN770, F166A, NIPBL, LIN54, TET2, TEN4, OGFD2, TM214, CAVN1, CDC73, ARMX5, MED27, ANM9, PRP8, PLBL1, NFRKB, ALKB5, TRI40, TBA3E, PONL1, TTC33, MYO7B, RICTR, BRWD3, POTEE, POTEA, CC171, S4A10, FIP1, PRS55, LRSM1, SBSN, CLM9, LRIG3, RSPO2, TMC5, RFIP1, CD109, HSDL2, B3GN6, CCNI2, M3K15, LN28B, NFXL1, DYH12, RN207, ITPI1, CRACD, YC006, PLPL7, FGD6, PHLP2, ANKS3, YS043, NEK10, KRA55, KRA52, VP13C, UBP34, RAPH1, UBP51, UBP45, UBP50, IKIP, MD13L, TBA1A, B4GN4, ATS13, HECW1, BT2A1, SND1, DDX46, TM10C, RSRC2, DET1, H2A3, FAKD5, NLRC3, SSX6, MOT9, OVCH1, PLPR4, PCLI1, NRK, MON2, K1C28, K1C27, K1C25, CSMD3, NUFP2, SZRD1, NPHP3, TT21B, GDF7, KI21A, CFA91, ZN438, HDGR2, SDK1, SPRE1, SRGP1, RBBP6, NECA2, SH3R1, SEN54, K2C1B, CNTRL, CTU1, RM55, VP13B, AGRE4, GLRX5, ZN605, DAAM2, K1328, PATL1, DDX53, TRPT1, LYRIC, AKA28, KTN1, GTD2A, ABCAD, EST1A, PHLB1, LUZP1, THOC4, IFTAP, LRRT4, ZCH18, ARHGP, MON1A, THOC6, AMGO1, AMGO3, AROS, CHSS1, DDX42, NIBA3, CEP57, DAAF5, LYPD6, STX12, DZIP1, HORN, KLOTB, WFDC8, GLT13, ZDH13, CRLF3, CRERF, ARMC8, K0825, ANKY2, AHNK2, DYH10, P3H2, SPNS2, VSTM4, WDFY1, PHF6, SULF2, CHERP, ANKH1, PHC2, OD3L1, F217A, DDIAS, RB12B, SP8, DDX60, RAVR1, SPB1, DRC7, EFC13, CKP2L, SRRM1, CCD13, ELOA2, CC105, ZN100, SMYD4, MICU2, CFA46, RN168, CHSS2, RTKN2, DOCK3, AGRF3, XRN1, ASPM, DSEL, RBIS, SPICE, TAGAP, NDUF2, VPS52, LRC47, K2C78, MYO1H, KLH34, H2B3B, ANR35, GAPT, UB2J2, AN36B, LAT4, EH1L1, PALS1, FNBP4, GUF1, RIBC1, NIN, ZN276, ZN561, SRBD1, NKAP, MACOI, PAR16, AADAT, IQCF1, EFNMT, KLDC1, PLD5, ANR31, CDYL2, AMER3, NEPR1, YJ012, MUT7, BANP, SR1IP, TOPZ1, CO053, PR38A, UBP38, UN13C, FANCB, GOLM1, GT251, DHB11, TM145, SERB1, DYHC2, CC020, GIMA8, TNR6A, ZN740, DIK2A, ZN738, ABCF1, DUS18, ZN548, EXPH5, KMT2C, ABHDB, MYRIP, KNL1, RDM1, O52E5, DDX55, MAFA, ZFP28, THOC2, KCNG3, TTC8, PI42C, TBC15, MIEAP, CIP2A, ZN507, CERK1, BICD2, CHD6, HELQ, CHD5, KCNG4, BRX1, CLM1, OTU7A, ATS16, DYH5, DQX1, TP4AP, WHAMM, UBS3B, AT8B4, SHRM3, WIPF2, F222B, ZC3HF, PPIL4, CCD12, HDAC7, PDC6I, CATIN, CO040, SFT2A, SNR27, HNRLL, UBCP1, CQ050, CTL1, CKAP2, SPIR2, ATX2L, ABCAA, SREK1, CRGN, SYNE2, MUC16, P66B, DNJC9, TITIN, DDX1, H1X, TM131, IP6K1, AP3S1, HS105, SEPT8, PRP16, AN32B, TFG, AP2C, STAM1, DPF3, REQU, RBP56, EVPL, DDX17, KIFA3, SEM4D, XPF, SMRD2, RAB1C, FUBP2, KCNB2, USP9X, UBP7, CUL5, VPP1, MED12, TATD2, H2B1H, FBXW7, YIPF5, UBE2F, RL36L, GTPB3, H2B1A, CCD47, FERM2, PLPL2, LRC59, PBIP1, TTC28, BORC7, SPSB1, ANKR9, CC127, DOC10, P5CR2, ROP1L, FAF2, ZN689, AP2M1, NTNG2, KCD12, PGBD4, MTBP, RMXL1, HOOK2, RBM33, DTBP1, TMA16, ALG14, CPNE2, KIF12, SIPA1, THOC1, RM48, DDX27, P121A, TONSL, PDLI5, PGAM5, COX14, AJUBA, A26L1, PAWR, VPS50, JPH4, NEUL4, HSH2D, ZN514, AGRG7, RPGR1, ZFR, NAR5, ALPK3, IFT74, PPR36, LRGUK, DNHD1, KLH15, ZN512, RIPR3, RN145, CFA44, ZDH15, PWP2A, DOCK7, ZN830, BROMI, SCLT1, CNT3B, ANR27, GP101, IPO9, LRC3B, PGRP2, INP4A, ADCYA, GBP4, ZN317, NED4L, SLIK1, NEK1, PP1RA, XPO6, H2A1A, MAGI1, SNX18, S26A8, MCCA, CTGE2, HMCN1, S22AC, RANB9, CCNL2, SMC6, ZN347, STRBP, SIN3A, RBM15, PNKP, SETB2, NIBA2, SCN2A, NELL2, PSB7, SEC62, CDC5L, STAC, AGAP2, GA2L1, DNJC2, PHB2, KIF2C, HCD2, CPNE1, EBP2, H2B1N, H2B1M, H2B1L, MYOC, SEM3C, GDF15, AKAP9, MICU1, TRIR, SLX1, MEP50, TBA1C, SELS, MBB1A, SYT3, NRIP2, FYCO1, GPTC1, RIOK1, LLPH, WDR83, S35A5, PIMRE, SOX7, WAC, MTA3, MCMBP, MED10, LRRC1, TBB6, HNRL1, DDX23, TBB2B, TMED9, RIOK2, ELOV1, RFIP5, ASPN, AP1M1, NUSAP, TDRD1, EMIL2, AN30B, SCAPE, RTF2, DUS16, MK67I, HOIL1, RT26, KRA41, SETD2, TBD2A, ACTBM, CNTP3, PC11X, PC11Y, PUS3, UACA, REN3B, CRNL1, EDEM3, UBXN6, API5, ZFHX2, CFA74, CE295, ASXL3, ZN407, LRC27, WDR12, IMUP, SENP6, CHST5, WN10A, EGLN1, PEG3, CHST6, NACA2, PAIP1, LSG1, KLC2, ZN541, INT2, DDX47, F234A, NUCKS, S6A17, ABCG5, EHD4, P2Y12, VPS11, TARA, SLK, TNKS2, RBP17, RM46, PININ, SNX25, MOD5, MTRFR, HRH4, NDST4, PTN23, SEM6B, MFSD1, PIGU, PLK3, FA83D, TRABD, EHD1, MROH8, PDZD7, TFB2M, DHX35, ZN576, BICC1, Z385D, CCD86, PRR36, RANB3, AT133, NRDE2, METL8, ZN430, CAAP1, NOL11, ZFAN3, F204A, VRTN, MARH7, SFXN1, SPE39, VP37B, UBP42, KANL2, LN28A, EAF6, ZN556, LIN7B, RENT2, XPO5, CP343, MKNK2, UBP29, PLRKT, SPC25, GPR35, SPON1, LST2, TANC2, EPG5, K1586, ZBT26, FBSL, ZN334, SPCS, MYO10, APMAP, ZCC17, VTA1, SYSM, SIX2, DCP1A, MED4, GP108, LUC7L, SCUB2, RM40, CASS4, RTN4, IFT46, RPR1B, ANLN, BIRC6, DDX21, SAR1A, ASH1L, ARHG4, ARHG3, MXRA5, SPTN5, SNRK, STRN4, TRYG1, SOSSC, F1142, LTBP3, KRT84, DIAP3, PDS5B, SMC4, MA2C1, RN146, MDN1, LYRM2, SPS2L, ABCF3, MRGBP, SEP11, MED17, FANCI, DDX18, KLH11, RPC5, SDA1, CS073, ARGL1, PK1IP, HPIP, CB042, SDHF2, NHP2, LYAR, MED29, CWC25, THUM1, SCN3A, TBA8, DYH9, HXC10, FKB11, CELR1, CDK12, FMN2, RTEL1, IL36B, SACS, E2AK3, PA2GE, MYOF, BICRA, NOP53, HACD3, KCMF1, RAI14, VAPA, SLAF8, SIRPG, HCN3, DYH2, RCC2, TEN3, RRBP1, CPSF2, SYLC, ANKY1, HOP2, IKBL1, COPG2, MYOTI, P2RX2, SPAST, TRMB, FA8A1, DBF4A, MO4L1, MALT1, DAXX, MARCO, ZBT47, CGBP1, GCP4, KDM5B, SYWM, HMGX4, NOL12, ARMX3, SWP70, SUN2, AFF4, MKRN1, NPCL1, CHRD1, SEPT9, PCS1N, NB5R1, S30BP, PUF60, SCNBA, DNAI1, BAZ2B, PHF11, VAX2, RABX5, TRM6, ZN391, APC7, STML2, VPS28, CCNL1, FBX9, MRT4, PITC1, GPTC8, PARP4, MYO15, TF3C4, ADA28, NUP50, ZN236, ZN346, HCN2, ZN214, NRX1A, ZN608, MRTFB, ATD2B, NEB1, SHRM4, TMCC3, MYO5B, TPX2, NP1L2, MAFF, NOTC3, PRP19, G3BP2, RHG26, CHIP, MAGD2, SSRG, ING4, DIM1, TTF2, L10K, LIMC1, AGAP1, TNR6B, ZC3H4, THS7A, RIMS2, SRRM2, CTND2, BAIP2, SCN8A, PPR3C, LAMP3, RTRAF, RUVB2, LZTS1, TN13B, SYFA, SIGL7, DRG1, NCKP1, TLR6, ATF5, DIP2C, DLGP4, FYV1, KDM2A, TPPC8, KLH20, S27A6, YBOX2, TR150, WBP11, NOP58, NOSIP, LC7L2, SF3B6, ORN, NOP16, TIM16, RT23, RTCB, HCN4, ZN330, RL36, CCDC9, HBS1L, DMXL1, ZAN, KDM3A, MFHA1, PLXD1, HECD4, WDR7, IRS2, HYOU1, OARD1, SP16H, PCDGH, HEY1, SRPRB, O51B2, CORIN, DMRT2, MRCKB, NOX1, RBM8A, ZN706, SNX9, SCNAA, HCFC2, PUS1, MYH4, SPIN1, COPG1, CFA20, EMIL1, PTC2, DC1L1, STYL1, OAS3, TLL2, ZNT1, MYO16, GAK19
Species: Homo sapiens, Gallus gallus, Streptomyces avidinii, Bos taurus, Sus scrofa
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Chu Y, Jiang M, Wu N, Xu B, Li W, Liu H, Su S, Shi Y, Liu H, Gao X, Fu X, Chen D, Li X, Wang W, Liang J, Nie Y, Fan D. O-GlcNAcylation of SIX1 enhances its stability and promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Proliferation. Theranostics 2020 10(21) 32863962
Abstract:
It is universally accepted that aberrant metabolism facilitates tumor growth. However, how cancer cells coordinate glucose metabolism and tumor proliferation is largely unknown. Sine oculis homeobox homolog 1 (SIX1) is a transcription factor that belongs to the SIX family and is believed to play an important role in the regulation of the Warburg effect in tumors. However, whether the role of SIX1 and the molecular mechanisms that regulate its activity are similar in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still needs further investigation. Methods: Western blotting was performed to determine the levels of SIX1 and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) in HCC tissues. Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8), colony formation and mouse tumor model assays were used to establish the role of SIX1 and O-GlcNAcylation in HCC processes. Mass spectrometry, immunoprecipitation and site-directed mutagenesis were performed to confirm the O-GlcNAcylation of SIX1. Results: Here, we demonstrated that SIX1, the key transcription factor regulating the Warburg effect in cancer, promotes HCC growth in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we revealed that SIX1 could also enhance the levels of a posttranslational modification called O-GlcNAcylation. Importantly, we found that SIX1 was also highly modified by O-GlcNAcylation and that O-GlcNAcylation inhibited the ubiquitination degradation of SIX1. In addition, site-directed mutagenesis at position 276 (T276A) decreased the O-GlcNAcylation level and reversed the protumor effect of SIX1. Conclusions: We conclude that O-GlcNAcylation of SIX1 enhances its stability and promotes HCC proliferation. Our findings illustrate a novel feedback loop of SIX1 and O-GlcNAcylation and show that O-GlcNAcylation of SIX1 is an important way to coordinate glucose metabolism and tumor progression.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
SIX1
Species: Homo sapiens
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Levine ZG, Fan C, Melicher MS, Orman M, Benjamin T, Walker S. O-GlcNAc Transferase Recognizes Protein Substrates Using an Asparagine Ladder in the Tetratricopeptide Repeat (TPR) Superhelix. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2018 140(10) 29485866
Abstract:
The essential mammalian enzyme O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) is uniquely responsible for transferring N-acetylglucosamine to over a thousand nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, yet there is no known consensus sequence and it remains unclear how OGT recognizes its substrates. To address this question, we developed a protein microarray assay that chemoenzymatically labels de novo sites of glycosylation with biotin, allowing us to simultaneously assess OGT activity across >6000 human proteins. With this assay we examined the contribution to substrate selection of a conserved asparagine ladder within the lumen of OGT's superhelical tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain. When five asparagines were mutated, OGT retained significant activity against short peptides, but showed limited limited glycosylation of protein substrates on the microarray. O-GlcNAcylation of protein substrates in cell extracts was also greatly attenuated. We conclude that OGT recognizes the majority of its substrates by binding them to the asparagine ladder in the TPR lumen proximal to the catalytic domain.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
E2F8, PRXD1, TSPY2, CGB1, ZN839, CENPX, PDLI1, WWP2, FOXN3, IMA4, DPYL4, ABLM1, MEIS2, HGS, GAK, PLS1, MAGB4, ARPC5, DC1L2, FGF16, WIPF1, FRS3, RNF13, ZN207, ENSA, SMCA5, CE104, OGA, AP180, PQBP1, E2F6, ADAP1, DNJC8, FLOT1, TPPP, SCEL, CELF2, RPGF3, CLD14, KLF8, BAG3, PAK4, IGHG3, MBP, NFIC, SNRPA, CEL3A, RU1C, IGLC1, MTAP2, ERG, DMD, IRF2, ENPL, FOSL2, F261, SDC1, ATF1, ATF3, ELK1, TFEB, RXRA, COMT, USF1, FGFR3, NR4A1, THAS, MARK3, ARNT, PSB4, RBMS1, FCERG, MPIP1, CSTF2, CD68, BMI1, COPB2, SOX5, RS19, ARL4A, ETV5, IPP2, STAT6, ABL2, KSYK, TFPI2, RFX5, RXRG, CDK8, GSK3B, TAF6, SPS1, DNLI3, DYN2, GALK1, AGFG1, SC24C, DLX1, HDAC4, CTBP2, KLF3, TIRAP, PPIA, CSK21, 3BP2, SSBP2, CDKL1, BORG5, TFAP4, ROR2, CACB1, CREM, MECOM, TLE3, TLE4, FAK1, COEA1, MTG8, GABPA, GABP1, DERM, TLE5, DEMA, ASPH, PP1R8, LCP2, DUS4, MTAP, EI2BE, G3BP1, GRB10, MTA1, PPIL2, PICAL, DYR1A, FHL3, NCOA4, CAYP1, CIRBP, DGCR6, VGLL4, CAPR1, GRB7, CASL, MEF2D, LASP1, SPCS2, SEPT2, PCM1, SIX1, SF01, TRIP6, RHOH, TAB1, ADRM1, CCDC6, BATF, NFE2, MAR1, NRF1, SMTL2, LETM2, OD3L2, AX2R, AMOT, AKIR2, PRR30, LARGN, RGPS1, PRC2B, TEX30, SNP47, PHYD1, KANK4, EEIG1, CPTP, AHDC1, KHDR2, EF1DL, OLM2B, ANKS6, RHG17, CNDH2, GRHL2, HMBX1, JHY, PP4R4, JMJD6, SCYL2, GOLM2, RSBNL, PSRC1, DRIC1, KCD18, FIP1, SAS6, CLM9, CCBE1, DUSTY, E400N, TM1L2, UBP45, MARK2, KCTD9, MCM10, CC186, POGZ, FLIP1, TAF8, RM55, S1A7A, SYVN1, PHLB1, CASZ1, PIM3, GA2L3, DDX42, CEP57, SPAS2, Z280B, PDPN, KCC1D, TF2LX, LOXH1, ARI3B, APLF, CC28A, RHG12, SKA3, PHC2, HYCC2, CMIP, SMAP1, RUSD2, ABI1, SYCE1, RPTOR, BATF2, S35F6, KLH36, ANS4B, MARHA, ZSCA1, UXS1, NECP1, BBOF1, LIPB2, MISSL, PHC3, TMIE, NUP35, OR4D6, JOS2, WDR48, GABP2, DPTOR, ALAT2, BRSK1, GRP4, HELQ, BL1S5, BCAS4, LMX1A, SSH3, SH3R2, FBF1, DLRB2, HDAC7, STYX, GTSF1, NEUR4, CSRN3, AP2B, SHC3, RORB, STAM1, CELF1, ARHG1, CSN5, RBPMS, ZDH16, PMEPA, UTP4, FERM2, SOSB2, R51A1, CR025, LENG1, BIRC7, PBIR1, CC126, PF21B, NRBF2, EDC3, PDLI5, ZN414, ANCHR, ZC3HA, PKNX2, EGLN2, MARK4, UB2E2, PRRC1, NOL4L, AP4AT, SCLT1, TOX2, QKI, PNMA5, YPEL2, NUDC1, RB40C, UBL7, CK2N2, OSBL9, PNKP, PLIN2, CDCA3, HCD2, SNAG, ARI3A, DPYL5, CG025, SOSB1, TCF25, COE4, MIC25, UTP23, ALKB7, RBM42, LRRC1, TRMO, MCRI2, RSRP1, BBLN, ASHWN, SARG, NADAP, SSBP3, PLVAP, OSB11, B2L13, STK31, DGC6L, RM01, KLC2, SIK2, REN3A, NELFA, PPDPF, ILRUN, ES8L2, KI3X1, SP14L, B2L12, PKHA3, PKHA1, TAF9B, ARNT2, SYTL2, CIP1, CASS4, HINT3, PRDM5, PAR11, MBNL1, BRWD1, KLC4, TB22B, MBNL3, NFIP2, ZSC32, TMOD3, UGGG2, CWC15, KANL3, RBPJL, DKK4, LIMD1, DPOLL, AFF4, UBQL2, PUF60, BAZ2B, GGA2, ING1, BORG2, AGO2, ZHX1, MUCEN, ANR50, PCDGK, POLI, LIMC1, SMAG1, BAIP2, RPC10, PPIL1, C2CD2, MTL5, TBL2, YTHD2, T10B, SNX14, RT18B, GMEB1, STON1, PCLO, ZHX2, S23IP
Species: Homo sapiens
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