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Rucli S, Descostes N, Ermakova Y, Chitnavis U, Couturier J, Boskovic A, Boulard M. Functional genomic profiling of O-GlcNAc reveals its context-specific interplay with RNA polymerase II. Genome biology 2025 26(1) 40128797
Abstract:
How reversible glycosylation of DNA-bound proteins acts on transcription remains scarcely understood. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is the only known form of glycosylation modifying nuclear proteins, including RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) and many transcription factors. Yet, the regulatory function of the O-GlcNAc modification in mammalian chromatin remains unclear.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
YTDC1, MYC, PO5F1, PO2F1, TBP, SOX2, TYY1, TET1, TET2, SIN3A, KLF4, CTCF, HCFC1, NF2L1, SMAD3, ZN281, RAF1, BRD4, NRF1
Species: Mus musculus
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Sepulveda H, Li X, Arteaga-Vazquez LJ, López-Moyado IF, Brunelli M, Hernández-Espinosa L, Yue X, Angel JC, Brown C, Dong Z, Jansz N, Puddu F, Modat A, Scotcher J, Creed P, Kennedy PH, Manriquez-Rodriguez C, Myers SA, Crawford R, Faulkner GJ, Rao A. OGT prevents DNA demethylation and suppresses the expression of transposable elements in heterochromatin by restraining TET activity genome-wide. Nature structural & molecular biology 2025 40155743
Abstract:
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) interacts robustly with all three mammalian TET methylcytosine dioxygenases. Here we show that deletion of the Ogt gene in mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells results in a widespread increase in the TET product 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in both euchromatic and heterochromatic compartments, with a concomitant reduction in the TET substrate 5-methylcytosine at the same genomic regions. mES cells treated with an OGT inhibitor also displayed increased 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, and attenuating the TET1-OGT interaction in mES cells resulted in a genome-wide decrease of 5-methylcytosine, indicating that OGT restrains TET activity and limits inappropriate DNA demethylation in a manner that requires the TET-OGT interaction and the catalytic activity of OGT. DNA hypomethylation in OGT-deficient cells was accompanied by derepression of transposable elements predominantly located in heterochromatin. We suggest that OGT protects the genome against TET-mediated DNA demethylation and loss of heterochromatin integrity, preventing the aberrant increase in transposable element expression noted in cancer, autoimmune-inflammatory diseases, cellular senescence and aging.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
DNMT1, TET1, TET2
Species: Mus musculus
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Hao Y, Li X, Qin K, Shi Y, He Y, Zhang C, Cheng B, Zhang X, Hu G, Liang S, Tang Q, Chen X. Chemoproteomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals that O-GlcNAc Regulates Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Fate through the Pluripotency Network. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 2023 62(17) 36852467
Abstract:
Self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are influenced by protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification, but the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Herein, we report the identification of 979 O-GlcNAcylated proteins and 1340 modification sites in mouse ESCs (mESCs) by using a chemoproteomics method. In addition to OCT4 and SOX2, the third core pluripotency transcription factor (PTF) NANOG was found to be modified and functionally regulated by O-GlcNAc. Upon differentiation along the neuronal lineage, the O-GlcNAc stoichiometry at 123 sites of 83 proteins-several of which were PTFs-was found to decline. Transcriptomic profiling reveals 2456 differentially expressed genes responsive to OGT inhibition during differentiation, of which 901 are target genes of core PTFs. By acting on the core PTF network, suppression of O-GlcNAcylation upregulates neuron-related genes, thus contributing to mESC fate determination.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
AMRA1, SETX, SKT, BCORL, AGRIN, MGAP, ARI1A, KANL3, CHD6, PHRF1, ZCH24, EP300, KIF7, KI67, CE350, ANR11, NUMA1, TPR, MORC3, TAF4B, KMT2B, EMD, AKAP1, TCOF, DCTN1, MNT, NCOA3, ATN1, ECP3, DPOD2, CTND2, PIAS3, AF10, ACK1, GET3, DSG2, ESS2, ATX2, PDLI1, ULK1, BARD1, KDM6A, ZN106, NSD1, ZFR, HIPK1, SETB1, LAMC1, MYCN, GCR, EGR1, RC3H2, ATX1L, DERPC, K2C8, HSPB1, JUND, FGFR1, G3P, ATF2, COF1, HEXB, VIME, PO5F1, CBL, CCNB1, PO2F1, RS2, NFKB1, MAX, PABP1, NEDD1, PTN12, FMR1, ELK1, FOXK1, STAT3, SOX15, PLIN2, CBP, NEDD4, YAP1, RFX1, SOX2, LMNA, ROA1, S1PR2, ARNT, RD23A, PLTP, KMT2A, KLF16, FOXP1, TB182, GMEB2, SENP1, YTHD1, MRTFB, DOCK4, STIM1, TBX3, NCOA1, ERF, SIAE, NACAM, ATF1, WNK1, G3BP2, DNLI3, G3BP1, RLA2, GABPA, S30BP, ZEP1, ENAH, SOX13, CAPR2, APLP2, CLUS, TLE3, GATA4, MITF, CHD8, ZCH18, TANC1, CDK12, SAP25, LIN41, MLXIP, HROB, VRTN, CO039, PDLI7, SMCA4, PRC2C, MILK2, MIDN, YETS2, PBIP1, FUBP2, TFPT, SRBP2, GSE1, F117B, ZN865, WDR62, QRIC1, FOXK2, RREB1, TNR6C, DAB2P, TNR6A, RHG17, PKHA7, COBL1, FCHO2, TET1, ARMX5, GARL3, TET2, CDV3, PHAR4, C2CD3, LIN54, NPA1P, TAB3, TASO2, RESF1, NUFP2, UNKL, COBL, KDM6B, PRSR1, SMG7, RBM27, PHF12, ZDBF2, PUR4, SYNRG, UIMC1, SIN3A, NFAC2, SRC8, SKIL, ELF1, KLF4, NCOR1, KLF3, NCOA2, FOXD3, PAPOA, HCFC1, P3C2A, SIX4, ZFHX3, TOB1, AP180, GLI3, ATRX, MAFK, NPM, M3K7, DAG1, SPTB2, TAF6, TIF1B, SPT6H, SH3G1, ARI3A, TLE1, TLE4, IF4G2, MINT, ZIC3, ZYX, NUP62, PHC1, TFE3, TIF1A, SF01, DAZL, RBL1, KNL1, BCL9L, SBNO1, SLAI1, PKP4, CDK13, SH3R1, JHD2C, HECD1, ARMX2, LAR4B, RHG21, HELZ, SCAF8, UTF1, PKHG2, NIPBL, CCD66, F135A, RPRD2, WWC2, ZN532, KRBA1, TAF9B, RBM26, INT1, BCR, AHDC1, PTN23, PAPD7, KDM3A, KMT2D, CHD4, RN220, NUP98, NFRKB, GGYF2, LCOR, TEX2, PF21A, KDM3B, FNBP4, CNOT1, LARP1, RHG26, NU188, CNDD3, PICAL, SPAG5, HUWE1, SMAP2, CPEB3, MYCB2, PRC2B, PRR14, MACOI, ATX2L, CKP2L, PRC2A, MCAF1, SI1L2, KANL1, ERBIN, R3HD2, RERE, PUM2, PUM1, NU214, WNK4, TCAM1, SAS6, CAMP3, UBN2, TNC18, AGFG2, UBP2L, WNK3, ZN598, CTIP, SHAN2, NANOG, DDX42, RHG32, VGLU3, LPP, TET3, MYPT2, IF4B, CNO10, MISSL, TB10B, CARF, TGO1, ZN879, SP130, ZC3HE, ZNT6, SUN2, TNR6B, ARI5B, EMSY, BNC2, KAT6B, KMT2C, CLAP2, CNOT4, SRRM2, TOX4, GEPH, SYP2L, LARP4, KANK2, SALL4, YTHD3, TOIP2, KAT6A, ASXL2, POGZ, SREK1, TAF5, ZHX2, EPC2, SI1L1, CND2, RBM14, SUCO, CNOT2, DIDO1, SMAG1, LENG8, CDAN1, DPPA4, LRIF1, VCIP1, MB214, TAB1, SCYL2, ASPP2, LS14B, SYEP, F193A, BCOR, OGT1, SUGP1, NAV1, SYNJ1, ADNP2, RPGF2, BICRL, EP400, PHC3, VP37A, EPN2, P66A, PDLI5, ELYS, ZBT20, ANLN, AGFG1, MATR3, CASC3, I2BPL, PO121, ALMS1, SF3A1, GRHL2, ATF7, CACL1, DC1L1, MTSS1, SPART, TDIF2, HBP1, NUP58, RFIP5, BRD8, WIPI1, CDK8, CS047, ATX7, NUP35, LUZP1, RPAP2, NDC1, MAVS, AMOT, CSKI2, P66B, TAF9, IPO4, ZCH14, UBAP2, NCOA5, FUBP1, RBM47, AJUBA, VPS36, DCP1A, EGLN2, YTHD2, SRGP2, GRHL1, BCL7B, P4R3B, PLRG1, CIC, WAC, TRPS1, MED1, ACATN, NRBP, RP25L, NONO, TAB2, RBM10, EPN4, DDAH2, NOG2, ZN281, HGS, NASP, ARIP4, ANR17, ZN318, TRI33, MZT2, ZWINT, ECD, YIF1B, ROA0, DHRS7, TPD54, SSBP3, PSRC1, SARNP, BCL9, SP2, NOP56, SH24A, FIP1, PLIN3, MYPT1, KC1D, TCF20, TOR3A, SALL1, ZN704, RBP2, UBE4B, TBX20, AFF4, RBCC1, 4ET, PALLD, ELF2, TSSC4, NUDT3, HAKAI, ADRM1, NCOA6, FANCA, GIT2, BAG3, TOB2, ZN207, SON, TBL1X, PLEC, MACF1, GOGA5, QKI, GAB1, DMRT1, YLPM1, PCM1, RHG07, TAF7, FOXO1, ADA23, AKA12, UXT, MAN1, NCOR2, AKT3, COR1B, TNIP1, GANP, DEMA, CARM1, RGAP1, ITSN2, ZO2, KLF5, ADNP, ARI3B, BCL3, SE1L1, E41L1, ZN292
Species: Mus musculus
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Bauer C, Göbel K, Nagaraj N, Colantuoni C, Wang M, Müller U, Kremmer E, Rottach A, Leonhardt H. Phosphorylation of TET proteins is regulated via O-GlcNAcylation by the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). The Journal of biological chemistry 2015 290(8) 25568311
Abstract:
TET proteins oxidize 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine and thus provide a possible means for active DNA demethylation in mammals. Although their catalytic mechanism is well characterized and the catalytic dioxygenase domain is highly conserved, the function of the regulatory regions (the N terminus and the low-complexity insert between the two parts of the dioxygenase domains) is only poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that TET proteins are subject to a variety of post-translational modifications that mostly occur at these regulatory regions. We mapped TET modification sites at amino acid resolution and show for the first time that TET1, TET2, and TET3 are highly phosphorylated. The O-linked GlcNAc transferase, which we identified as a strong interactor with all three TET proteins, catalyzes the addition of a GlcNAc group to serine and threonine residues of TET proteins and thereby decreases both the number of phosphorylation sites and site occupancy. Interestingly, the different TET proteins display unique post-translational modification patterns, and some modifications occur in distinct combinations. In summary, our results provide a novel potential mechanism for TET protein regulation based on a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region. Our data suggest strong cross-talk between the modification sites that could allow rapid adaption of TET protein localization, activity, or targeting due to changing environmental conditions as well as in response to external stimuli.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
TET1, TET2, TET3
Species: Mus musculus
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Shi FT, Kim H, Lu W, He Q, Liu D, Goodell MA, Wan M, Songyang Z. Ten-eleven translocation 1 (Tet1) is regulated by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (Ogt) for target gene repression in mouse embryonic stem cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 2013 288(29) 23729667
Abstract:
As a member of the Tet (Ten-eleven translocation) family proteins that can convert 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxylmethylcytosine (5hmC), Tet1 has been implicated in regulating global DNA demethylation and gene expression. Tet1 is highly expressed in embryonic stem (ES) cells and appears primarily to repress developmental genes for maintaining pluripotency. To understand how Tet1 may regulate gene expression, we conducted large scale immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry of endogenous Tet1 in mouse ES cells. We found that Tet1 could interact with multiple chromatin regulators, including Sin3A and NuRD complexes. In addition, we showed that Tet1 could also interact with the O-GlcNAc transferase (Ogt) and be O-GlcNAcylated. Depletion of Ogt led to reduced Tet1 and 5hmC levels on Tet1-target genes, whereas ectopic expression of wild-type but not enzymatically inactive Ogt increased Tet1 levels. Mutation of the putative O-GlcNAcylation site on Tet1 led to decreased O-GlcNAcylation and level of the Tet1 protein. Our results suggest that O-GlcNAcylation can positively regulate Tet1 protein concentration and indicate that Tet1-mediated 5hmC modification and target repression is controlled by Ogt.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
TET1
Species: Mus musculus
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