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Hou C, Deng J, Wu C, Zhang J, Byers S, Moremen KW, Pei H, Ma J. Ultradeep O-GlcNAc proteomics reveals widespread O-GlcNAcylation on tyrosine residues of proteins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2024 121(47) 39531497
Abstract:
As a unique type of glycosylation, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification (O-GlcNAcylation) on Ser/Thr residues of proteins was discovered 40 y ago. O-GlcNAcylation is catalyzed by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which add and remove O-GlcNAc, respectively. O-GlcNAcylation is an essential glycosylation that regulates the functions of many proteins in virtually all cellular processes. However, deep and site-specific characterization of O-GlcNAcylated proteins remains a challenge. We developed an ultradeep O-GlcNAc proteomics workflow by integrating digestion with multiple proteases, two mass spectrometric approaches (i.e., electron-transfer/higher-energy collision dissociation [EThcD] and HCD product-dependent electron-transfer/higher-energy collision dissociation [HCD-pd-EThcD]), and two data analysis tools (i.e., MaxQuant and Proteome Discoverer). The performance of this strategy was benchmarked by the analysis of whole lysates from PANC-1 (a pancreatic cancer cell line). In total, 2,831 O-GlcNAc sites were unambiguously identified, representing the largest O-GlcNAc dataset of an individual study reported so far. Unexpectedly, in addition to confirming known sites and identifying many other sites of Ser/Thr modification, O-GlcNAcylation was found on 121 tyrosine (Tyr) residues of 93 proteins. In vitro enzymatic assays showed that OGT catalyzes the transfer of O-GlcNAc onto Tyr residues of peptides and OGA catalyzes its removal. Taken together, our work reveals widespread O-GlcNAcylation on Tyr residues of proteins and that Tyr O-GlcNAcylation is mediated by OGT and OGA. As another form of glycosylation, Tyr O-GlcNAcylation is likely to have important regulatory roles.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
NPIA9, RBM47, E2F8, SBNO1, CNOT1, P121B, HMX3, RHG32, P121C, NACAM, PDLI1, TAF4, DNM1L, PLOD2, CAC1A, ARI1A, CDKA1, NCAN, ABLM1, KMT2D, HGS, MYPT1, ZN609, SC16A, SET1A, TRNK1, OGT1, TNC18, P4HA2, NUP42, KDM6A, ASAP2, SI1L1, RFOX2, PRPF3, SYNJ1, IF4G3, MTG8R, E41L2, PLRG1, ZN207, BUB1, MYPT2, KPRB, ZN292, SI1L3, GANP, TBC12, OGA, KLH41, PLIN3, MAFK, ABCC9, TBL1X, MITF, SRGP2, SLIT3, T22D2, PP6R2, ANR17, LIPA4, ZN217, NCOR1, U520, RASF9, DYSF, TOX4, SC24D, FCSD2, PCF11, NFAT5, SC31A, AGFG2, SCAF4, ELP1, MRP6, SVIL, SC24A, SC24B, CNOT4, ZMYM6, BAG3, LATS1, LMNA, CATA, GCR, CPNS1, HSPB1, RPN1, RLA2, ITB1, K1C18, K2C8, NPM, CATD, GP1BA, SAP, CATB, SP1, PTPRC, NFIC, VIME, K1C19, SNRPA, ATX1L, LAMC1, ARY2, SRF, PABP1, TPR, SKIL, ENPL, PO2F1, B4GT1, ATF2, FOSL1, FOSL2, GNS, ZEP1, RS2, TFE2, CREB1, HXB6, ATF7, EGR1, SON, ATF1, NUCL, ICAL, OSBP1, RFX1, CBL, NFYA, IF4B, GATA2, ARNT, MAP4, GRN, CDC27, CLIP1, HXC9, ZEP2, ELF1, NU214, NUP62, CUX1, STAT3, BUD31, HNF4A, LAP2A, MTOR, PCP, MATR3, GATA4, UTRN, STT3A, RFX5, SOX9, PRC2A, NEST, HSP13, NASP, CDK8, YLPM1, NU153, RBP2, TAF6, EMD, PPT1, PAPOA, FXR2, KCNQ1, MYOM1, AGFG1, HNRPF, NUP98, SMTN, SC24C, ATX1, RD23B, AF17, DSRAD, MAZ, CTBP2, CSK21, F193A, SERB, IF4G2, GTF2I, PHC1, NGAL, KGD4, SARNP, FOXK1, DAB2, PGBM, RHG04, SPTB2, FOXK2, OTUD4, EWS, SP2, NRG1, SP4, SP3, PAX2, KMT2A, IF4G1, NOTC2, PTN12, GABPA, GABP1, CKAP4, ZO1, ACK1, TLE5, EP300, AHNK, ASPH, TROAP, BPTF, NFIA, TP53B, FOXC1, TAF10, PICAL, MAMD1, SQSTM, RIPK1, STIM1, CUL4B, NFYC, CDK13, CKAP5, VEZF1, UBP2L, GIT2, SRC8, CAPR1, PUM1, MDC1, EPN4, TTLL4, RRP1B, NCOA6, GSE1, MEF2D, ZN638, NUMA1, HECAM, R3HD1, DAZP2, KIF14, PDK3, EBP, NONO, LRC41, RBMS2, SSXT, NCOA2, SF01, MED1, JHD2C, T22D1, ELF2, TAB1, NCOA1, TBCC, ZFHX3, ZYX, CCDC6, TAF9, DREB, NRF1, GEN, RFX7, QSER1, AAK1, PRSR3, RGPA2, QRIC1, TB10B, TPRN, FIL1L, CRTC2, IF44L, YIF1B, NOM1, BCORL, DDX6L, BRD10, SH319, TGO1, PRC2B, CE170, ZN362, DCST2, ZEP3, ZC3HD, CSCL2, LRIF1, RHG21, UBAP2, RBM26, CF163, AHDC1, RPRD2, ZN318, TASO2, ZMYM4, PAPD7, TENS2, KANK2, ICE2, ARID2, TENS3, USF3, ANR40, BICRL, SDE2, NIPBL, LIN54, TET2, ZNT6, EDC4, SCYL2, TTC27, NFRKB, RSBNL, TT23L, NCEH1, MDEAS, ZC3HE, FIP1, CRTC3, SAS6, ARSK, MCAF1, BCOR, GGYF2, AEBP2, BNC2, NFXL1, CO039, SRCAP, UBN2, TM1L2, RAPH1, HAKAI, ASXL2, SPT6H, BOP, KDM3B, ZCCHV, NUP54, RGPD4, POGZ, ZFY16, NUFP2, MAVS, EMSY, RAI1, I2BP2, SDK1, SRGP1, RBBP6, SH3R1, YTHD3, CENPV, KAISO, MYPN, LDB1, LYRIC, ABCAC, BCL9L, CASZ1, TSYL5, CARM1, PRSR1, DDX42, CACL1, P66A, HIPK1, RB6I2, AHNK2, NAV2, GID4, ARI3B, TEX2, MGAP, Z3H7A, ANKH1, SUGP1, CCAR1, MILK2, GAR4, TBC21, PHAR4, XRN1, MAML2, SPART, NUP93, DOCK4, SYNPO, FNBP4, AF1L2, TAB3, NOPC1, IGSF1, ARFG1, ENAH, TM102, WDR31, MISSL, TNR6A, PHC3, SP20H, NAV1, VP37A, KMT2C, ARI1B, NUP35, KNL1, O52H1, PLBL2, NEDD1, SMRC2, TBC15, ZN507, ALMS1, DLG5, FNIP1, ZN384, WIPF2, PYRD1, D42E1, PCNP, LMO7, ATX2L, P66B, BBX, ELYS, ZCH14, PIEZ1, GBF1, RTF1, PHF3, MAML1, ZN592, LAR4B, SORL, TFG, TAF4B, RREB1, CBP, DDX17, GPKOW, M4K1, FUBP2, LPP, WNT2B, P33MX, ACD, FKB10, TTC28, PF21A, ZN669, ZN501, REPS1, RBM33, CERS2, GWL, P121A, CC120, PDLI5, SENP5, VCIP1, ZN462, CHAP1, LCOR, Z512B, ZFR, EP400, BMF, PRRC1, NOL4L, RBM14, QKI, PHF12, CIC, MED15, ERBIN, SIN3A, MINT, HTF4, EYA3, DNJC2, ELF4, RGPD5, ATX2, TS101, ARI3A, TEP1, DPH2, GPTC1, WAC, DIDO1, HNRL1, CP250, NUP58, RBM4, UBP26, YTHD1, BCDO2, B2L14, AMRA1, CE295, TANC1, ZC12C, CEP44, SP130, BRD8, I2BPL, RBNS5, EPC1, ADNP, HIPK2, ZN106, PTN23, WNK1, ZHX3, ZN644, HAUS4, SLAP2, YTDC2, PEAK1, PKHG2, ECT2, GORS2, MLXIP, PKHA5, CLSPN, CDHR5, RC3H2, TAF9B, NCOA5, TANC2, ZN532, TNR6C, CHD8, APMAP, UBE2T, DMAP1, UBN1, DCP1A, RTN4, PRD10, PDLI7, EI2BG, MBNL1, RNC, RBM12, INT7, CARF, ABI2, HXC10, TAB2, CDK12, GRHL1, ITSN2, BICRA, CNOT2, FLRT1, KCMF1, DAPLE, CHD7, F135A, RBM27, KANL3, RERE, LIMD1, TCF20, SUN2, UBQL2, TRPS1, S30BP, PUF60, NRBP, BAZ2B, SIX4, HOOK1, GGA2, TASOR, AKA11, GMEB2, PARP4, MYO15, MYH13, NUP50, ZHX1, CDV3, MRTFB, ZBT21, PLXB3, PRR12, YETS2, HECD1, ZMYD8, SPAT2, PRP19, SOX13, SCAF8, TRI33, TNR6B, SET1B, SATB2, SHAN2, HPS5, SRRM2, SCML2, R3HD2, ZN281, KLK5, ARIP4, MTCL1, RPGF2, CRBG1, HYOU1, PRC2C, RBM7, YTHD2, HCFC2, NCOR2, GMEB1, NCOA3, S23IP
Species: Homo sapiens
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Xu S, Zheng J, Xiao H, Wu R. Simultaneously Identifying and Distinguishing Glycoproteins with O-GlcNAc and O-GalNAc (the Tn Antigen) in Human Cancer Cells. Analytical chemistry 2022 94(7) 35132862
Abstract:
Glycoproteins with diverse glycans are essential to human cells, and subtle differences in glycan structures may result in entirely different functions. One typical example is proteins modified with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) and O-linked α-N-acetylgalactosamine (O-GalNAc) (the Tn antigen), in which the two glycans have very similar structures and identical chemical compositions, making them extraordinarily challenging to be distinguished. Here, we developed an effective method benefiting from selective enrichment and the enzymatic specificity to simultaneously identify and distinguish glycoproteins with O-GlcNAc and O-GalNAc. Metabolic labeling was combined with bioorthogonal chemistry for enriching glycoproteins modified with O-GlcNAc and O-GalNAc. Then, the enzymatic reaction with galactose oxidase was utilized to specifically oxidize O-GalNAc, but not O-GlcNAc, generating the different tags between glycopeptides with O-GlcNAc and O-GalNAc that can be easily distinguishable by mass spectrometry (MS). Among O-GlcNAcylated proteins commonly identified in three types of human cells, those related to transcription and RNA binding are highly enriched. Cell-specific features are also revealed. Among glycoproteins exclusively in Jurkat cells, those involved in human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection are overrepresented, which is consistent with the cell line source and suggests that protein O-GlcNAcylation participated in the response to the virus infection. Furthermore, glycoproteins with the Tn antigen have different subcellular distributions in different cells, which may be attributed to the distinct mechanisms for the formation of protein O-GalNAcylation.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
RBM47, E2F8, SBNO1, CNOT1, HMX3, ABTB3, RHG32, P121C, PDLI1, SNP23, PSMD9, TAF4, ARI1A, ABLM1, STX16, HGS, MYPT1, SC16A, SR140, SET1A, FYB1, TIF1A, PPM1G, SHIP2, EIF3D, NUP42, KDM6A, TET3, SI1L1, DC1L2, HNRPR, PRPF3, TPD54, E41L2, ZN207, BUB3, AKAP8, ZNRD2, MYPT2, GANP, HNRPQ, DIAP1, PLIN3, MAFK, TBL1X, MITF, N4BP1, ZC11A, T22D2, PP6R2, ANR17, BCAS1, NCOR1, SPAG7, TIPRL, SPF30, TOX4, TOX, PCF11, AGFG2, ZFPL1, KIF4A, SC24A, SC24B, CNOT4, ASML, M4K4, BPNT1, PX11B, CHK2, LMNA, GLPA, TFR1, ALDOA, GCR, HSPB1, GNAI2, RLA1, RLA2, RLA0, K1C18, K2C8, RB, CATD, SYEP, PTPRC, VIME, GSTP1, HMGB1, ROA1, ATX1L, DERPC, ZN865, TPR, LAMP2, EF2, PLSL, PLST, GLU2B, HCLS1, PO2F1, RAC2, ATF2, ZEP1, TFE2, MUC1, CREB1, JUNB, ATF7, PTN2, DDX5, SON, ATF1, CSK22, NFKB1, FLNA, PUR2, RFX1, CBL, COF1, PTBP1, ARNT, DCK, PYR1, MAP4, CALX, 3MG, PRDX6, CDC27, AMRP, CLIP1, ZEP2, HNRH1, 1433S, ELF1, LSP1, PTN7, IRS1, ADDA, NU214, CUX1, TXLNA, MLH1, ECHA, IF2G, HNF4A, LAP2B, GPDM, RANG, KI67, CRKL, CAPZB, RFX5, SOX2, CAMLG, NASP, FAS, CDK8, SRP09, YLPM1, NU153, RBP2, TAF6, EMD, LRBA, PAPOA, HDGF, AGFG1, HNRPF, HXK2, NUP98, ATX1, RD23B, AF10, AF17, DSRAD, FOXA1, HNRH2, NU107, TPIS, PSME3, TPM4, F193A, GTF2I, PHC1, PRKDC, MAP1A, SARNP, FOXK1, FBLN2, FAM3A, EM55, NFKB2, HNRPU, SPTB2, FOXK2, RUNX1, FLI1, SATB1, SP2, MP2K1, NUCB1, KMT2A, IF4G1, TLE4, KPCT, PSME1, GABPA, PRDX1, ACK1, AHNK, IFFO1, GALT2, SRBP2, TROAP, BPTF, TP53B, CBX3, NFAC2, PICAL, CUL4B, ASPP2, NFYC, CDK13, VEZF1, UBP2L, SRC8, CAPR1, LAGE3, PUM1, MDC1, EPN4, RRP1B, NCOA6, GSE1, UBP10, 2A5D, MEF2D, LASP1, NUMA1, CND1, TEBP, PCBP1, RBMS2, SF3A1, TSN, SF01, MED1, TRIP6, ELF2, TAB1, ZFHX3, ZYX, ADRM1, DPYL2, TAF9, MAPK3, CSPP1, PDS5A, QSER1, AAK1, LRRF1, VP26B, ACSF3, TPRN, CRTC2, PAN3, YIF1B, PRC2B, CEP78, ZN362, FKB15, LRIF1, CAF17, UBAP2, NT5D1, AHDC1, LYRM7, RPRD2, ZN318, TASO2, TBC9B, ARID2, C19L1, ABLM2, TWF2, GRHL2, CPZIP, NIPBL, LIN54, ZCHC8, C2D1A, SCYL2, NFRKB, RSBNL, MDEAS, ZC3HE, LARP1, SAMD1, FIP1, CRTC3, SAS6, MCAF1, BCOR, GGYF2, NBEL2, CO039, SRCAP, UBN2, TM1L2, ASXL2, SPT6H, MEPCE, BOP, KDM3B, ERMP1, TRM1L, ZCCHV, KANL1, POGZ, ZFY16, NUFP2, MAVS, EMSY, RAI1, I2BP2, SRGP1, RHG30, SH3R1, HUWE1, YTHD3, GALT7, LYRIC, BCL9L, CASZ1, TSYL5, DDX42, CACL1, P66A, I2BP1, VRK3, FOXP4, ARI3B, TEX2, MGAP, ANKH1, SUGP1, MILK2, ERF3B, K2013, PHAR4, XRN1, ZN687, FNBP4, ARFG1, ENAH, NHLC2, AVL9, XXLT1, GOLM1, TXND5, SERB1, CHSTE, SLAI1, TNR6A, PHC3, SP20H, VP37A, KMT2C, ARI1B, KNL1, NEDD1, ALMS1, PREX1, DLG5, GEMI5, PIGO, UBS3B, WIPF2, FRS2, PDC6I, ZFN2B, TPC12, SEN15, PCNP, LMO7, ATX2L, CSKI2, PSPC1, P66B, GBF1, SMG7, RTF1, TOPB1, PHF3, MAML1, TTC9A, PRCC, RREB1, CBP, DDX17, SEM4D, ARHG1, GPKOW, FUBP2, LPP, TTC28, PF21A, FAF2, ESS2, EDC3, A7L3B, P121A, PDLI5, FUBP3, VCIP1, PDLI2, Z512B, ZFR, EP400, PRRC1, NOL4L, RBM14, PURB, NACC1, CIC, MED15, NUDC1, SIN3A, AEDO, MINT, HTF4, CNN2, RGPD5, ATX2, HCD2, S29A1, ARI3A, SH3G1, TRIR, DPH2, MGME1, ERP44, ESYT1, CCM2, CNPY3, WAC, DIDO1, HGH1, MMTA2, PAXX, NTM1A, RBM4, SGPP1, HEMGN, HDHD5, YTHD1, FTO, CEP44, BC11B, PITH1, SP130, BRD8, RGAP1, I2BPL, ADNP, DHX36, FOXP1, CENPH, WNK1, E41L1, ZHX3, YTDC2, RANB3, PHAX, ECT2, CNO10, MLXIP, PKHA5, PKHA1, RC3H2, LY9, RDH14, TAF9B, NCOA5, TANC2, TNR6C, CHD8, SDF2L, ARFG3, UBN1, RTN4, PDLI7, CHSTC, STRN4, PNO1, BMP2K, RBM12, STAU2, TXLNG, PNPO, CARF, TAB2, TMOD3, CDK12, F120A, HPBP1, ITSN2, CNOT2, CHMP5, VAPA, CAMP3, RBM27, KANL3, RERE, ZN219, SE1L1, STAP2, LIMD1, TCF20, SEPT9, UBQL2, TRPS1, S30BP, NRBP, EI2BD, SIX4, APC7, TASOR, GMEB2, PARP4, MA1B1, ACINU, ZHX1, CDV3, MRTFB, ZBT21, YETS2, HECD1, ZMYD8, SCAF8, PP6R1, TRI33, TNR6B, ZC3H4, SHAN2, SRRM2, CTND2, SCML2, ZN148, T3JAM, VDAC3, PLAK2, DDX52, NOP58, GIT1, ZN281, SIT1, SALL2, ARIP4, CRBG1, HYOU1, KLF12, PRC2C, YTHD2, CD2AP, TNPO3, SRPRB, TSSC4, NUBP2, HCFC2, FHOD1, NCOR2, GMEB1, NCOA3, S23IP
Species: Homo sapiens
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