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Xu S, Zheng J, Xiao H, Wu R. Simultaneously Identifying and Distinguishing Glycoproteins with O-GlcNAc and O-GalNAc (the Tn Antigen) in Human Cancer Cells. Analytical chemistry 2022 94(7) 35132862
Abstract:
Glycoproteins with diverse glycans are essential to human cells, and subtle differences in glycan structures may result in entirely different functions. One typical example is proteins modified with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) and O-linked α-N-acetylgalactosamine (O-GalNAc) (the Tn antigen), in which the two glycans have very similar structures and identical chemical compositions, making them extraordinarily challenging to be distinguished. Here, we developed an effective method benefiting from selective enrichment and the enzymatic specificity to simultaneously identify and distinguish glycoproteins with O-GlcNAc and O-GalNAc. Metabolic labeling was combined with bioorthogonal chemistry for enriching glycoproteins modified with O-GlcNAc and O-GalNAc. Then, the enzymatic reaction with galactose oxidase was utilized to specifically oxidize O-GalNAc, but not O-GlcNAc, generating the different tags between glycopeptides with O-GlcNAc and O-GalNAc that can be easily distinguishable by mass spectrometry (MS). Among O-GlcNAcylated proteins commonly identified in three types of human cells, those related to transcription and RNA binding are highly enriched. Cell-specific features are also revealed. Among glycoproteins exclusively in Jurkat cells, those involved in human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection are overrepresented, which is consistent with the cell line source and suggests that protein O-GlcNAcylation participated in the response to the virus infection. Furthermore, glycoproteins with the Tn antigen have different subcellular distributions in different cells, which may be attributed to the distinct mechanisms for the formation of protein O-GalNAcylation.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
RBM47, E2F8, SBNO1, CNOT1, HMX3, ABTB3, RHG32, P121C, PDLI1, SNP23, PSMD9, TAF4, ARI1A, ABLM1, STX16, HGS, MYPT1, SC16A, SR140, SET1A, FYB1, TIF1A, PPM1G, SHIP2, EIF3D, NUP42, KDM6A, TET3, SI1L1, DC1L2, HNRPR, PRPF3, TPD54, E41L2, ZN207, BUB3, AKAP8, ZNRD2, MYPT2, GANP, HNRPQ, DIAP1, PLIN3, MAFK, TBL1X, MITF, N4BP1, ZC11A, T22D2, PP6R2, ANR17, BCAS1, NCOR1, SPAG7, TIPRL, SPF30, TOX4, TOX, PCF11, AGFG2, ZFPL1, KIF4A, SC24A, SC24B, CNOT4, ASML, M4K4, BPNT1, PX11B, CHK2, LMNA, GLPA, TFR1, ALDOA, GCR, HSPB1, GNAI2, RLA1, RLA2, RLA0, K1C18, K2C8, RB, CATD, SYEP, PTPRC, VIME, GSTP1, HMGB1, ROA1, ATX1L, DERPC, ZN865, TPR, LAMP2, EF2, PLSL, PLST, GLU2B, HCLS1, PO2F1, RAC2, ATF2, ZEP1, TFE2, MUC1, CREB1, JUNB, ATF7, PTN2, DDX5, SON, ATF1, CSK22, NFKB1, FLNA, PUR2, RFX1, CBL, COF1, PTBP1, ARNT, DCK, PYR1, MAP4, CALX, 3MG, PRDX6, CDC27, AMRP, CLIP1, ZEP2, HNRH1, 1433S, ELF1, LSP1, PTN7, IRS1, ADDA, NU214, CUX1, TXLNA, MLH1, ECHA, IF2G, HNF4A, LAP2B, GPDM, RANG, KI67, CRKL, CAPZB, RFX5, SOX2, CAMLG, NASP, FAS, CDK8, SRP09, YLPM1, NU153, RBP2, TAF6, EMD, LRBA, PAPOA, HCFC1, HDGF, AGFG1, HNRPF, HXK2, NUP98, ATX1, RD23B, AF10, AF17, DSRAD, FOXA1, HNRH2, NU107, TPIS, PSME3, TPM4, F193A, GTF2I, PHC1, PRKDC, MAP1A, SARNP, FOXK1, FBLN2, FAM3A, EM55, NFKB2, HNRPU, SPTB2, FOXK2, RUNX1, FLI1, SATB1, SP2, MP2K1, NUCB1, KMT2A, IF4G1, TLE3, TLE4, KPCT, PSME1, GABPA, PRDX1, ACK1, AHNK, IFFO1, GALT2, SRBP2, TROAP, BPTF, TP53B, CBX3, NFAC2, PICAL, CUL4B, ASPP2, NFYC, CDK13, VEZF1, UBP2L, SRC8, CAPR1, LAGE3, PUM1, MDC1, EPN4, RRP1B, NCOA6, GSE1, UBP10, 2A5D, MEF2D, LASP1, NUMA1, CND1, TEBP, PCBP1, RBMS2, SF3A1, TSN, SF01, MED1, TRIP6, ELF2, TAB1, ZFHX3, ZYX, ADRM1, DPYL2, TAF9, MAPK3, CSPP1, PDS5A, QSER1, AAK1, LRRF1, VP26B, ACSF3, TPRN, CRTC2, PAN3, YIF1B, PRC2B, CEP78, ZN362, FKB15, LRIF1, CAF17, UBAP2, NT5D1, AHDC1, LYRM7, RPRD2, ZN318, TASO2, TBC9B, ARID2, C19L1, ABLM2, TWF2, GRHL2, CPZIP, NIPBL, LIN54, ZCHC8, C2D1A, SCYL2, NFRKB, RSBNL, MDEAS, ZC3HE, LARP1, SAMD1, FIP1, CRTC3, SAS6, MCAF1, BCOR, GGYF2, NBEL2, CO039, SRCAP, UBN2, TM1L2, ASXL2, SPT6H, MEPCE, BOP, KDM3B, ERMP1, TRM1L, ZCCHV, KANL1, POGZ, ZFY16, NUFP2, MAVS, EMSY, RAI1, I2BP2, SRGP1, RHG30, SH3R1, HUWE1, YTHD3, GALT7, LYRIC, BCL9L, CASZ1, TSYL5, DDX42, CACL1, P66A, I2BP1, VRK3, FOXP4, ARI3B, TEX2, MGAP, ANKH1, SUGP1, MILK2, ERF3B, K2013, PHAR4, XRN1, ZN687, FNBP4, ARFG1, ENAH, NHLC2, AVL9, XXLT1, GOLM1, TXND5, PAIRB, CHSTE, SLAI1, TNR6A, PHC3, SP20H, VP37A, KMT2C, ARI1B, KNL1, NEDD1, ALMS1, PREX1, DLG5, GEMI5, PIGO, UBS3B, WIPF2, FRS2, PDC6I, ZFN2B, TPC12, SEN15, PCNP, LMO7, ATX2L, CSKI2, PSPC1, P66B, GBF1, SMG7, RTF1, TOPB1, PHF3, MAML1, TTC9A, PRCC, RREB1, CBP, DDX17, SEM4D, ARHG1, GPKOW, FUBP2, LPP, TTC28, PF21A, FAF2, ESS2, EDC3, A7L3B, P121A, PDLI5, FUBP3, VCIP1, PDLI2, Z512B, ZFR, EP400, PRRC1, NOL4L, RBM14, PURB, NACC1, CIC, MED15, NUDC1, SIN3A, AEDO, MINT, HTF4, CNN2, RGPD5, ATX2, HCD2, S29A1, ARI3A, SH3G1, TRIR, DPH2, MGME1, ERP44, ESYT1, CCM2, CNPY3, WAC, DIDO1, HGH1, MMTA2, PAXX, NTM1A, RBM4, SGPP1, HEMGN, HDHD5, YTHD1, FTO, CEP44, BC11B, PITH1, SP130, BRD8, RGAP1, I2BPL, ADNP, DHX36, FOXP1, CENPH, WNK1, E41L1, ZHX3, YTDC2, RANB3, PHAX, ECT2, CNO10, MLXIP, PKHA5, PKHA1, RC3H2, LY9, RDH14, TAF9B, NCOA5, TANC2, TNR6C, CHD8, SDF2L, ARFG3, UBN1, RTN4, PDLI7, CHSTC, STRN4, PNO1, BMP2K, RBM12, STAU2, TXLNG, PNPO, CARF, TAB2, TMOD3, CDK12, F120A, HPBP1, ITSN2, CNOT2, CHMP5, VAPA, CAMP3, RBM27, KANL3, RERE, ZN219, SE1L1, STAP2, LIMD1, TCF20, SEPT9, UBQL2, TRPS1, S30BP, NRBP, EI2BD, SIX4, APC7, TASOR, GMEB2, PARP4, MA1B1, ACINU, ZHX1, CDV3, MRTFB, ZBT21, YETS2, HECD1, ZMYD8, SCAF8, PP6R1, TRI33, TNR6B, ZC3H4, SHAN2, SRRM2, CTND2, SCML2, ZN148, T3JAM, VDAC3, AKAP2, DDX52, NOP58, GIT1, ZN281, SIT1, SALL2, ARIP4, CRBG1, HYOU1, KLF12, PRC2C, YTHD2, CD2AP, TNPO3, SRPRB, TSSC4, NUBP2, HCFC2, FHOD1, NCOR2, GMEB1, NCOA3, S23IP
Species: Homo sapiens
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Xu S, Sun F, Wu R. A Chemoenzymatic Method Based on Easily Accessible Enzymes for Profiling Protein O-GlcNAcylation. Analytical chemistry 2020 92(14) 32574038
Abstract:
O-GlcNAcylation has gradually been recognized as a critically important protein post-translational modification in mammalian cells. Besides regulation of gene expression, its crosstalk with protein phosphorylation is vital for cell signaling. Despite its importance, comprehensive analysis of O-GlcNAcylation is extraordinarily challenging due to the low abundances of many O-GlcNAcylated proteins and the complexity of biological samples. Here, we developed a novel chemoenzymatic method based on a wild-type galactosyltransferase and uridine diphosphate galactose (UDP-Gal) for global and site-specific analysis of protein O-GlcNAcylation. This method integrates enzymatic reactions and hydrazide chemistry to enrich O-GlcNAcylated peptides. All reagents used are more easily accessible and cost-effective as compared to the engineered enzyme and click chemistry reagents. Biological triplicate experiments were performed to validate the effectiveness and the reproducibility of this method, and the results are comparable with the previous chemoenzymatic method using the engineered enzyme and click chemistry. Moreover, because of the promiscuity of the galactosyltransferase, 18 unique O-glucosylated peptides were identified on the EGF domain from nine proteins. Considering that effective and approachable methods are critical to advance glycoscience research, the current method without any sample restrictions can be widely applied for global analysis of protein O-GlcNAcylation in different samples.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
SBNO1, CNOT1, SWAHB, P121C, PDLI1, TAF4, RNT2, PODXL, KMT2D, MYPT1, ZN609, SC16A, SET1A, ZN185, TNC18, PRPF3, TPD54, SYNJ1, PLIN3, MAFK, BRD4, N4BP1, ICOSL, ANR17, ZN217, NCOR1, ATRN, TOX4, ERLN2, AGFG2, VAPB, SC24A, SC24B, CNOT4, BAG3, LMNA, GCR, HSPB1, IF2A, K1C18, K2C8, K1C19, ROA1, TACD2, ATX1L, LYAG, PPAL, TPR, K1C13, ZEP1, SDC1, ATF1, CBL, GATA3, ARNT, MAP4, CLIP1, HXC9, NU214, MP2K2, CUX1, PBX2, MLH1, STAT3, LAP2A, KI67, RFX5, SOX2, NU153, RBP2, TAF6, HCFC1, AFF3, AGFG1, ATX1, AF17, DSRAD, FOXA1, NU107, FOXK1, SPTB2, TFAP4, EWS, SP2, KMT2A, IF4G1, NOTC2, TLE3, TLE4, REL, ACK1, LG3BP, AHNK, ARHG5, FOXO1, BPTF, RIPK1, NFYC, CDK13, UBP2L, LAGE3, MDC1, EPN4, RRP1B, NCOA6, GSE1, MEF2D, NUMA1, R3HD1, JHD2C, TRIP6, ELF2, TAB1, ZFHX3, ZYX, ADRM1, TAF9, RFX7, QSER1, QRIC1, TB10B, CRTC2, PRC2B, ZN362, UBAP2, RPRD2, ZN318, TASO2, ARID2, ANR40, BICRL, ABLM2, GRHL2, NIPBL, LIN54, TET2, NFRKB, KCD18, MDEAS, ZC3HE, FIP1, SAS6, MCAF1, BCOR, HAKAI, SPT6H, KDM3B, POGZ, MAVS, EMSY, RAI1, SRGP1, SH3R1, YTHD3, CASZ1, P66A, I2BP1, RB6I2, FOXP4, NAV2, GID4, MGAP, CDAN1, SUGP1, MILK2, NUP93, ZN687, FNBP4, ARFG1, ENAH, PHC3, SP20H, KMT2C, STT3B, DLG5, WIPF2, ZFN2B, LMO7, ATX2L, CSKI2, P66B, SMG7, CBP, SEM4D, FUBP2, LPP, PF21A, INT12, CERS2, GWL, PDLI5, CHAP1, ANCHR, Z512B, ZFR, EP400, RBM14, CIC, MINT, S29A1, DPH2, WAC, DIDO1, HNRL1, YTHD1, CEP44, SP130, I2BPL, FOXP1, WNK1, E41L1, ZHX3, GORS2, PKHA5, RC3H2, TAF9B, NCOA5, TANC2, CELR2, UBN1, PDLI7, RBM12, CARF, TAB2, CNOT2, KANL3, STAP2, TCF20, UBQL2, S30BP, SIX4, TASOR, GMEB2, ZHX1, YETS2, ZMYD8, NOTC3, TRI33, SRRM2, CHM2B, SCML2, POLH, R3HD2, ZN281, WNK2, PRC2C, NCOR2, GMEB1, ZHX2
Species: Homo sapiens
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Levine ZG, Fan C, Melicher MS, Orman M, Benjamin T, Walker S. O-GlcNAc Transferase Recognizes Protein Substrates Using an Asparagine Ladder in the Tetratricopeptide Repeat (TPR) Superhelix. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2018 140(10) 29485866
Abstract:
The essential mammalian enzyme O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) is uniquely responsible for transferring N-acetylglucosamine to over a thousand nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, yet there is no known consensus sequence and it remains unclear how OGT recognizes its substrates. To address this question, we developed a protein microarray assay that chemoenzymatically labels de novo sites of glycosylation with biotin, allowing us to simultaneously assess OGT activity across >6000 human proteins. With this assay we examined the contribution to substrate selection of a conserved asparagine ladder within the lumen of OGT's superhelical tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain. When five asparagines were mutated, OGT retained significant activity against short peptides, but showed limited limited glycosylation of protein substrates on the microarray. O-GlcNAcylation of protein substrates in cell extracts was also greatly attenuated. We conclude that OGT recognizes the majority of its substrates by binding them to the asparagine ladder in the TPR lumen proximal to the catalytic domain.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
E2F8, PRXD1, TSPY2, CGB1, ZN839, CENPX, PDLI1, WWP2, FOXN3, IMA4, DPYL4, ABLM1, MEIS2, HGS, GAK, PLS1, MAGB4, ARPC5, DC1L2, FGF16, WIPF1, FRS3, RNF13, ZN207, ENSA, SMCA5, CE104, OGA, AP180, PQBP1, E2F6, ADAP1, DNJC8, FLOT1, TPPP, SCEL, CELF2, RPGF3, CLD14, KLF8, BAG3, PAK4, IGHG3, MBP, NFIC, SNRPA, CEL3A, RU1C, IGLC1, MTAP2, ERG, DMD, IRF2, ENPL, FOSL2, F261, SDC1, ATF1, ATF3, ELK1, TFEB, RXRA, COMT, USF1, FGFR3, NR4A1, THAS, MARK3, ARNT, PSB4, RBMS1, FCERG, MPIP1, CSTF2, CD68, BMI1, COPB2, SOX5, RS19, ARL4A, ETV5, IPP2, STAT6, ABL2, KSYK, TFPI2, RFX5, RXRG, CDK8, GSK3B, TAF6, SPS1, DNLI3, DYN2, GALK1, AGFG1, SC24C, DLX1, HDAC4, CTBP2, KLF3, TIRAP, PPIA, CSK21, 3BP2, SSBP2, CDKL1, BORG5, TFAP4, ROR2, CACB1, CREM, MECOM, TLE3, TLE4, FAK1, COEA1, MTG8, GABPA, GABP1, DERM, TLE5, DEMA, ASPH, PP1R8, LCP2, DUS4, MTAP, EI2BE, G3BP1, GRB10, MTA1, PPIL2, PICAL, DYR1A, FHL3, NCOA4, CAYP1, CIRBP, DGCR6, VGLL4, CAPR1, GRB7, CASL, MEF2D, LASP1, SPCS2, SEPT2, PCM1, SIX1, SF01, TRIP6, RHOH, TAB1, ADRM1, CCDC6, BATF, NFE2, MAR1, NRF1, SMTL2, LETM2, OD3L2, AX2R, AMOT, AKIR2, PRR30, LARGN, RGPS1, PRC2B, TEX30, SNP47, PHYD1, KANK4, EEIG1, CPTP, AHDC1, KHDR2, EF1DL, OLM2B, ANKS6, RHG17, CNDH2, GRHL2, HMBX1, JHY, PP4R4, JMJD6, SCYL2, GOLM2, RSBNL, PSRC1, DRIC1, KCD18, FIP1, SAS6, CLM9, CCBE1, DUSTY, E400N, TM1L2, UBP45, MARK2, KCTD9, MCM10, CC186, POGZ, FLIP1, TAF8, RM55, S1A7A, SYVN1, PHLB1, CASZ1, PIM3, GA2L3, DDX42, CEP57, SPAS2, Z280B, PDPN, KCC1D, TF2LX, LOXH1, ARI3B, APLF, CC28A, RHG12, SKA3, PHC2, HYCC2, CMIP, SMAP1, RUSD2, ABI1, SYCE1, RPTOR, BATF2, S35F6, KLH36, ANS4B, MARHA, ZSCA1, UXS1, NECP1, BBOF1, LIPB2, MISSL, PHC3, TMIE, NUP35, OR4D6, JOS2, WDR48, GABP2, DPTOR, ALAT2, BRSK1, GRP4, HELQ, BL1S5, BCAS4, LMX1A, SSH3, SH3R2, FBF1, DLRB2, HDAC7, STYX, GTSF1, NEUR4, CSRN3, AP2B, SHC3, RORB, STAM1, CELF1, ARHG1, CSN5, RBPMS, ZDH16, PMEPA, UTP4, FERM2, SOSB2, R51A1, CR025, LENG1, BIRC7, PBIR1, CC126, PF21B, NRBF2, EDC3, PDLI5, ZN414, ANCHR, ZC3HA, PKNX2, EGLN2, MARK4, UB2E2, PRRC1, NOL4L, AP4AT, SCLT1, TOX2, QKI, PNMA5, YPEL2, NUDC1, RB40C, UBL7, CK2N2, OSBL9, PNKP, PLIN2, CDCA3, HCD2, SNAG, ARI3A, DPYL5, CG025, SOSB1, TCF25, COE4, MIC25, UTP23, ALKB7, RBM42, LRRC1, TRMO, MCRI2, RSRP1, BBLN, ASHWN, SARG, NADAP, SSBP3, PLVAP, OSB11, B2L13, STK31, DGC6L, RM01, KLC2, SIK2, REN3A, NELFA, PPDPF, ILRUN, ES8L2, KI3X1, SP14L, B2L12, PKHA3, PKHA1, TAF9B, ARNT2, SYTL2, CIP1, CASS4, HINT3, PRDM5, PAR11, MBNL1, BRWD1, KLC4, TB22B, MBNL3, NFIP2, ZSC32, TMOD3, UGGG2, CWC15, KANL3, RBPJL, DKK4, LIMD1, DPOLL, AFF4, UBQL2, PUF60, BAZ2B, GGA2, ING1, BORG2, AGO2, ZHX1, MUCEN, ANR50, PCDGK, POLI, LIMC1, SMAG1, BAIP2, RPC10, PPIL1, C2CD2, MTL5, TBL2, YTHD2, T10B, SNX14, RT18B, GMEB1, STON1, PCLO, ZHX2, S23IP
Species: Homo sapiens
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Huo B, Zhang W, Zhao X, Dong H, Yu Y, Wang J, Qian X, Qin W. A triarylphosphine-trimethylpiperidine reagent for the one-step derivatization and enrichment of protein post-translational modifications and identification by mass spectrometry. Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) 2018 54(98) 30379171
Abstract:
We report a new reagent that is capable of both chemical derivatization and selective enrichment of azide-labeled PTM peptides for sensitive identification by mass spectrometry (MS). Facile sample recovery, enhanced ionization and fragmentation in MS of the enriched PTM peptides are achieved, which leads to the identification of 3293 O-GlcNAc peptides and the location of 1706 sites in HeLa cells and efficiently expands the current mapping scale.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
MEIKN, BLT3B, SHOT1, TTC24, PIPSL, HFM1, ZN320, NBAS, CQ102, VWA8, SBNO1, Z804B, CC14C, SH321, EFCB5, XIRP2, ODAD3, CNOT1, BDP1, ANR62, CC88B, AN33B, NKX26, PGP, F186A, ARRD5, FBP12, ANKUB, CI092, CE052, FA47D, SMHD1, LRIQ4, GLOD5, ZN233, SH2D7, MARHB, TTLL8, ABTB3, A30BL, ZSWM8,