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Hao Y, Li Z, Du X, Xie Q, Li D, Lei S, Guo Y. Characterization and chemoproteomic profiling of protein O-GlcNAcylation in SOD1-G93A mouse model. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) 2025 31(1) 40021952
Abstract:
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating motor neuron disease. Protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification has been found to affect the processing of several important proteins implicated in ALS. However, the overall level and cellular localization of O-GlcNAc during ALS progression are incompletely understood, and large-scale profiling of O-GlcNAcylation sites in this context remains unexplored.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
TANC2, ZEP3, MA7D2, AMRA1, AJM1, CNTRL, SKT, TITIN, ARI1A, S14L1, KI16B, TM245, RHG42, CTTB2, SAFB1, CCDC6, SHAN1, CE350, SYGP1, TPR, DPYL2, EMD, SYPL1, M3K5, PPE2, VIAAT, CTND2, LIMK2, ACK1, SYUA, ATX2, PDLI1, ZN106, DC1I1, PLIN4, ZFR, HCN2, BSN, SYN1, CO4B, MBP, ARAF, ALDOA, GCR, CATL1, NFL, NFM, RC3H2, NCAM1, HSPB1, MAP1B, G3P, NFH, VIME, MTAP2, MOV10, CRYAB, KCC2B, PABP1, AIMP1, KIF4, FOXK1, STAT3, EAA2, AINX, SOX2, LMNA, INPP, RORG, APC1, ATX1, PCBP3, KCNN2, GCP3, TB182, KCNH8, NPHP4, YTHD1, PI5PA, MRTFB, DOCK4, RUVB1, ABI2, RS3, KCNA2, ZHX1, TRAF5, SURF6, NCOA1, RGRF2, LYAG, IRS2, GBX1, TNIK, WNK1, CSRP1, G3BP2, RLA2, CTNB1, PLAK, S30BP, NFIA, ENAH, EMAL1, CNN2, CDK12, MA6D1, M3K13, PSD3, PLBL2, PRC2C, MILK2, YETS2, PBIP1, TPPC9, FUBP2, WNK2, LIMC1, TNR6C, ZEP2, AAK1, TNR6A, CAMKV, MINY4, GRM5, ARMX5, N42L1, PACS2, ABL2, OXR1, UN13A, HERC2, PHAR4, SRRM1, TR150, LIN54, TAB3, ZBTB4, UNKL, RBM27, TM1L2, MYO1G, ANR40, SYNRG, NACAD, A1CF, LAMA2, PMEL, NCOR1, LAMA5, BCAR1, HCFC1, MRE11, PACN1, MAFK, MCM7, PTN14, SPTB2, TAF6, SRBS1, DBNL, SH3G1, TLE4, IF4G2, MINT, ZYX, OMGP, HECAM, NR2E1, SF01, SYN2, GPDM, PLK4, SBNO1, SLAI1, PKP4, SYMC, SAM9L, SH3R1, HECD1, ABLM3, ARMX2, CE170, CDC5L, LAR4B, RHG20, F135A, SPKAP, SR140, KIF24, RPRD2, WWC2, REXO4, PTN23, IQCE, TRAK1, RN220, ERC2, NFRKB, MAGI1, TEX2, PF21A, CNOT1, NU188, TRPV1, SC6A5, PICAL, SMAP2, CPEB3, PLPR3, MYCB2, PRC2B, TPPP, ATX2L, CCNT2, MAP6, SI1L2, ERBIN, R3HD2, AUXI, RERE, SNPH, RIMB2, NU214, INT2, SDA1, EPN1, AGFG2, UBP2L, C2C2L, NRAP, DDHD1, BCAS1, ZN598, CTIP, SHAN2, MACA1, ANR26, MAST4, RHG32, LPP, MYPT2, IF4B, ZN750, WDR48, TB10B, CSTP1, SP130, ZC21A, ZNT6, SUN2, RCC2, ABLM2, HSP13, EMSY, CLAP2, CNOT4, SRRM2, IKZF5, TOX4, GEPH, DIP2A, LARP4, IFFO1, OSBL6, YTHD3, POGZ, ZHX2, TT21A, SI1L1, RBM14, UBP44, CNOT2, HYCC2, ANK2, DIDO1, PARP9, SYNPO, VCIP1, MB214, TAB1, RPB2, ASPP2, F193A, NAV1, SYNJ1, RPGF2, EP400, PHC3, VP37A, EPN2, PDLI5, CSR2B, FBP1L, SCAM1, ZBT20, HS12A, AGFG1, MATR3, FANCI, PO121, MRTFA, MTSS1, SPART, PPR42, NUP58, RFIP5, BRD8, PP6R2, CS047, LUZP1, RBM12, SC6A8, MAVS, MICA1, SIR2, AMOT, AGAP3, P66B, CCG8, TAF9, WDR13, UBAP2, NCOA5, PEX16, DCP1A, YTHD2, BMP2K, DYST, LRP1, SYUB, ALS2, BICD2, CLIP1, CIC, S12A6, NRBP, RP25L, TAB2, DDAH2, HGS, TM2D1, SNCAP, ASH1L, ANR17, RTN4, RRBP1, NUDC2, TPPP3, FLIP1, DDAH1, DLGP1, FIP1, TM263, CNN3, AL7A1, PLIN3, MYPT1, NDUBA, CRIP2, TSC1, NBEA, INP4A, RIMS2, SO1C1, RBP2, MKRN2, RTN3, NUDT3, LGI1, TULP4, ADRM1, FMN2, GIT2, BAG3, ZN207, ASAP1, SON, TBL1X, PLEC, MACF1, NPHP1, VAPB, ADDA, GOGA5, MAP1A, QKI, PCLO, GAB1, FBX6, FOXO1, ADA23, AKA12, NCOR2, C8AP2, TNIP1, DEMA, E41L3, SYUG, ITSN2, ZO2, ADNP, NEK4, APCL, MTMR1, MECP2, E41L1
Species: Mus musculus
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Hao Y, Li X, Qin K, Shi Y, He Y, Zhang C, Cheng B, Zhang X, Hu G, Liang S, Tang Q, Chen X. Chemoproteomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals that O-GlcNAc Regulates Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Fate through the Pluripotency Network. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 2023 62(17) 36852467
Abstract:
Self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are influenced by protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification, but the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Herein, we report the identification of 979 O-GlcNAcylated proteins and 1340 modification sites in mouse ESCs (mESCs) by using a chemoproteomics method. In addition to OCT4 and SOX2, the third core pluripotency transcription factor (PTF) NANOG was found to be modified and functionally regulated by O-GlcNAc. Upon differentiation along the neuronal lineage, the O-GlcNAc stoichiometry at 123 sites of 83 proteins-several of which were PTFs-was found to decline. Transcriptomic profiling reveals 2456 differentially expressed genes responsive to OGT inhibition during differentiation, of which 901 are target genes of core PTFs. By acting on the core PTF network, suppression of O-GlcNAcylation upregulates neuron-related genes, thus contributing to mESC fate determination.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
AMRA1, SETX, SKT, BCORL, AGRIN, MGAP, ARI1A, KANL3, CHD6, PHRF1, ZCH24, EP300, KIF7, KI67, CE350, ANR11, NUMA1, TPR, MORC3, TAF4B, KMT2B, EMD, AKAP1, TCOF, DCTN1, MNT, NCOA3, ATN1, ECP3, DPOD2, CTND2, PIAS3, AF10, ACK1, GET3, DSG2, ESS2, ATX2, PDLI1, ULK1, BARD1, KDM6A, ZN106, NSD1, ZFR, HIPK1, SETB1, LAMC1, MYCN, GCR, EGR1, RC3H2, ATX1L, DERPC, K2C8, HSPB1, JUND, FGFR1, G3P, ATF2, COF1, HEXB, VIME, PO5F1, CBL, CCNB1, PO2F1, RS2, NFKB1, MAX, PABP1, NEDD1, PTN12, FMR1, ELK1, FOXK1, STAT3, SOX15, PLIN2, CBP, NEDD4, YAP1, RFX1, SOX2, LMNA, ROA1, S1PR2, ARNT, RD23A, PLTP, KMT2A, KLF16, FOXP1, TB182, GMEB2, SENP1, YTHD1, MRTFB, DOCK4, STIM1, TBX3, NCOA1, ERF, SIAE, NACAM, ATF1, WNK1, G3BP2, DNLI3, G3BP1, RLA2, GABPA, S30BP, ZEP1, ENAH, SOX13, CAPR2, APLP2, CLUS, TLE3, GATA4, MITF, CHD8, ZCH18, TANC1, CDK12, SAP25, LIN41, MLXIP, HROB, VRTN, CO039, PDLI7, SMCA4, PRC2C, MILK2, MIDN, YETS2, PBIP1, FUBP2, TFPT, SRBP2, GSE1, F117B, ZN865, WDR62, QRIC1, FOXK2, RREB1, TNR6C, DAB2P, TNR6A, RHG17, PKHA7, COBL1, FCHO2, TET1, ARMX5, GARL3, TET2, CDV3, PHAR4, C2CD3, LIN54, NPA1P, TAB3, TASO2, RESF1, NUFP2, UNKL, COBL, KDM6B, PRSR1, SMG7, RBM27, PHF12, ZDBF2, PUR4, SYNRG, UIMC1, SIN3A, NFAC2, SRC8, SKIL, ELF1, KLF4, NCOR1, KLF3, NCOA2, FOXD3, PAPOA, HCFC1, P3C2A, SIX4, ZFHX3, TOB1, AP180, GLI3, ATRX, MAFK, NPM, M3K7, DAG1, SPTB2, TAF6, TIF1B, SPT6H, SH3G1, ARI3A, TLE1, TLE4, IF4G2, MINT, ZIC3, ZYX, NUP62, PHC1, TFE3, TIF1A, SF01, DAZL, RBL1, KNL1, BCL9L, SBNO1, SLAI1, PKP4, CDK13, SH3R1, JHD2C, HECD1, ARMX2, LAR4B, RHG21, HELZ, SCAF8, UTF1, PKHG2, NIPBL, CCD66, F135A, RPRD2, WWC2, ZN532, KRBA1, TAF9B, RBM26, INT1, BCR, AHDC1, PTN23, PAPD7, KDM3A, KMT2D, CHD4, RN220, NUP98, NFRKB, GGYF2, LCOR, TEX2, PF21A, KDM3B, FNBP4, CNOT1, LARP1, RHG26, NU188, CNDD3, PICAL, SPAG5, HUWE1, SMAP2, CPEB3, MYCB2, PRC2B, PRR14, MACOI, ATX2L, CKP2L, PRC2A, MCAF1, SI1L2, KANL1, ERBIN, R3HD2, RERE, PUM2, PUM1, NU214, WNK4, TCAM1, SAS6, CAMP3, UBN2, TNC18, AGFG2, UBP2L, WNK3, ZN598, CTIP, SHAN2, NANOG, DDX42, RHG32, VGLU3, LPP, TET3, MYPT2, IF4B, CNO10, MISSL, TB10B, CARF, TGO1, ZN879, SP130, ZC3HE, ZNT6, SUN2, TNR6B, ARI5B, EMSY, BNC2, KAT6B, KMT2C, CLAP2, CNOT4, SRRM2, TOX4, GEPH, SYP2L, LARP4, KANK2, SALL4, YTHD3, TOIP2, KAT6A, ASXL2, POGZ, SREK1, TAF5, ZHX2, EPC2, SI1L1, CND2, RBM14, SUCO, CNOT2, DIDO1, SMAG1, LENG8, CDAN1, DPPA4, LRIF1, VCIP1, MB214, TAB1, SCYL2, ASPP2, LS14B, SYEP, F193A, BCOR, OGT1, SUGP1, NAV1, SYNJ1, ADNP2, RPGF2, BICRL, EP400, PHC3, VP37A, EPN2, P66A, PDLI5, ELYS, ZBT20, ANLN, AGFG1, MATR3, CASC3, I2BPL, PO121, ALMS1, SF3A1, GRHL2, ATF7, CACL1, DC1L1, MTSS1, SPART, TDIF2, HBP1, NUP58, RFIP5, BRD8, WIPI1, CDK8, CS047, ATX7, NUP35, LUZP1, RPAP2, NDC1, MAVS, AMOT, CSKI2, P66B, TAF9, IPO4, ZCH14, UBAP2, NCOA5, FUBP1, RBM47, AJUBA, VPS36, DCP1A, EGLN2, YTHD2, SRGP2, GRHL1, BCL7B, P4R3B, PLRG1, CIC, WAC, TRPS1, MED1, ACATN, NRBP, RP25L, NONO, TAB2, RBM10, EPN4, DDAH2, NOG2, ZN281, HGS, NASP, ARIP4, ANR17, ZN318, TRI33, MZT2, ZWINT, ECD, YIF1B, ROA0, DHRS7, TPD54, SSBP3, PSRC1, SARNP, BCL9, SP2, NOP56, SH24A, FIP1, PLIN3, MYPT1, KC1D, TCF20, TOR3A, SALL1, ZN704, RBP2, UBE4B, TBX20, AFF4, RBCC1, 4ET, PALLD, ELF2, TSSC4, NUDT3, HAKAI, ADRM1, NCOA6, FANCA, GIT2, BAG3, TOB2, ZN207, SON, TBL1X, PLEC, MACF1, GOGA5, QKI, GAB1, DMRT1, YLPM1, PCM1, RHG07, TAF7, FOXO1, ADA23, AKA12, UXT, MAN1, NCOR2, AKT3, COR1B, TNIP1, GANP, DEMA, CARM1, RGAP1, ITSN2, ZO2, KLF5, ADNP, ARI3B, BCL3, SE1L1, E41L1, ZN292
Species: Mus musculus
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Shu XE, Mao Y, Jia L, Qian SB. Dynamic eIF3a O-GlcNAcylation controls translation reinitiation during nutrient stress. Nature chemical biology 2022 18(2) 34887587
Abstract:
In eukaryotic cells, many messenger RNAs (mRNAs) possess upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in addition to the main coding region. After uORF translation, the ribosome could either recycle at the stop codon or resume scanning for downstream start codons in a process known as reinitiation. Accumulating evidence suggests that some initiation factors, including eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3), linger on the early elongating ribosome, forming an eIF3-80S complex. Very little is known about how eIF3 is carried along with the 80S during elongation and whether the eIF3-80S association is subject to regulation. Here, we report that eIF3a undergoes dynamic O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in response to nutrient starvation. Stress-induced de-O-GlcNAcylation promotes eIF3 retention on the elongating ribosome and facilitates activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) reinitiation. Eliminating the modification site from eIF3a via CRISPR genome editing induces ATF4 reinitiation even under the nutrient-rich condition. Our findings illustrate a mechanism in balancing ribosome recycling and reinitiation, thereby linking the nutrient stress response and translational reprogramming.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
A0A075B5P4, A0A087WNV1, A0A087WPT1, A0A087WQF8, A0A087WS88, A0A0A0MQM6, A0A0A6YVP0, A0A0A6YY72, A0A0B4J1E2, A0A0G2JFJ6, A0A0G2JFN8, A0A0G2JFY0, A0A0G2JG10, A0A0G2JG59, A0A0G2JG60, A0A0G2JG65, A0A0G2JGL8, A0A0H2UH17, A0A0J9YTU3, A0A0J9YUT8, A0A0J9YUY8, A0A0N4SV00, A0A0N4SV32, A0A0N4SW94, A0A0N5E9G7, A0A0R4J060, A0A0R4J169, A0A0R4J1E3, A0A0R4J1Y4, A0A0R4J260, A1BN54, A1L341, A1L3S7, A2A485, A2A513, A2A5N3, A2A8V8, A2AGK3, LZTS3, A2AM70, A2AMY5, A2APQ6, A2AS44, A2AVJ7, A2AWT6, A2BGG7, KANL3, K1C28, A6X8Z3, A8Y5K6, B0V2N8, B1AU25, TBD2A, THOC2, TPC11, PLXB2, RBM25, B7FAU9, B7ZWM8, B8JK33, B9EHJ3, D3YTT9, D3YUW7, D3YV30, D3YV43, D3YVH4, D3YX49, D3YX64, D3YX85, SAFB1, D3YYT0, D3YZ62, D3YZL1, D3YZT4, D3Z1X3, D3Z2H7, D3Z3E8, D3Z4B0, CCD78, D3Z6N3, CILP2, D6RCG1, E0CY31, E0CYH0, E9PUA5, E9PUJ2, E9PUX0, GCN1, E9PVC6, E9PVG8, KI67, E9PW24, E9PYF4, SET1A, E9PYI8, E9PZW0, E9Q066, E9Q0F0, E9Q0M9, E9Q0U7, E9Q0Y4, E9Q133, E9Q166, E9Q175, E9Q1Z0, E9Q2X6, NU153, NOLC1, E9Q5F6, E9Q616, MYO1E, E9Q6A9, E9Q6M7, E9Q6T8, E9Q8F0, E9Q9C7, E9Q9H2, E9QA74, E9QAT0, E9QKG6, E9QLM4, E9QN31, E9QNH6, E9QNN1, E9QPE7, E9QPI5, F2Z480, F6S6G6, F6T0G2, F6TFN2, F6TW20, F6WTC8, F6XWD4, F6YRW4, F6YUI5, F7B296, F7C312, FARP1, F8VPX1, F8VQ29, F8WHR6, G3UWP5, G3UWZ0, G3UX48, G3UYD0, G3UYG6, G3UYW3, G3UYZ0, G3X8P9, G3X8Q0, G3X956, SI1L3, G5E839, G5E846, G5E866, G5E879, G5E8C3, G5E8J8, G5E8N3, G5E8T6, H3BJU7, H3BKF6, H3BKM0, H3BKN0, H3BKT5, H3BL49, J3QMC5, J3QNW0, CAN2, ATN1, SRSF5, IMA3, PININ, EIF3D, ATX2, E41L2, UGDH, SP3, IF2B1, ZFR, HIPK1, IGKC, IGHG1, HBA, K2C1, TBA1B, ALBU, HS90A, NUCL, ATX1L, EF1A1, H2B1F, CO1A1, HS90B, TCPA, GELS, HS71L, AP2A2, K1C19, BIP, VIME, MFGM, EIF3A, MCM3, MOES, CTNA1, U2AF2, PDIA3, GRN, PABP1, FKBP4, KIF4, TSP1, HSPA9, TKT, BCL6, FOXK1, H14, NEDD4, LMNA, MCM5, K2C6A, IMA1, KPYM, DDX6, ACTN4, EF2, ASXL1, ACTB, ABCE1, RRAS2, H4, HSP7C, CH60, TBA1A, TBB4B, H31, IMB1, TCPB, TCPE, TCPZ, WNK1, H32, MPRIP, G3BP1, TBB5, HNRL2, TOP2A, UBA1, PLAK, IF2P, EPS8, LRIQ1, ZCH18, LMTD2, FA83H, CDCA2, CYTSA, SPP2B, Q3TJ56, K22E, FUBP2, Q3U6F1, Q3U8S1, FOXK2, PUF60, Q3UID0, Q3UJB0, Q3UNN4, SFSWA, K22O, CFA74, Q3UYN2, LRRF1, ESF1, KIF22, Q3V3Y9, Q45VK5, Q4FJZ2, Q4KL80, Q4TU83, PDS5B, DDX17, LRC47, Q52KR6, TR150, NEXMI, JCAD, NUFP2, PRSR1, RBM27, PHF12, UTP18, LC7L3, Q5SUT0, TSR1, MYO1D, Q5U4C5, SIN3A, SRC8, MYL6, STIP1, CAPR1, IMA5, LAP2A, HCFC1, K1C15, SMRD1, FXR1, DDX5, HS71A, SERA, KINH, MYH10, SIN3B, DDX3X, TIF1B, NUP62, K1C12, SQSTM, TOP2B, Q68EM3, CLH1, CDC5L, F120A, CNDG2, NOP58, SCAF8, K1C42, K2C1B, SR140, ZC11A, ABCF1, RRP12, Q6P5B5, UGGG1, XPO1, KIF11, FHOD1, LPPRC, NUP98, Q6PGF5, NEB2, DAPLE, UBE2O, LARP1, NU188, WDR43, 2AAA, Q792Z1, PICAL, UHRF2, MBB1A, Q7TQE2, NU214, WNK4, KIRR1, UBP2L, FLNB, WNK3, Q80ZX0, LPP, ACTBL, P4HTM, MYPT2, HTSF1, IF4B, NU107, WDR3, NOC4L, CE128, NUP93, SUN2, RCC2, EMSY, SYLC, CKAP4, SRRM2, NUP54, PWP2, SYIC, RL1D1, MAP1S, TTC34, SI1L1, RBM14, Q8C872, DIDO1, ATAD2, NUP88, Q8CFQ9, SMC2, UACA, SYEP, TCRG1, OGT1, CCAR1, SLTM, BICRL, P66A, COPA, HMCS1, Q8JZN2, EIF3B, BCLF1, PHLB2, NAT10, ANLN, SDHA, LS14A, MATR3, DDX18, PO121, EIF3L, HNRPL, NU133, EIF3C, ZC3HA, TDIF2, NUP58, CD109, LUZP1, UTP6, MYH9, UHRF1, VIGLN, CCAR2, CUL7, K2C79, Q8VGW3, DHX36, SFPQ, ACLY, DDX1, U3IP2, SYYC, RPN1, YTHD2, BMP2K, SNX18, SMCA5, Q921K2, SF3B3, DDX27, Q921S6, SMTN, PP6R3, K2C5, DEN2B, NXF1, NONO, ACON, NMD3, RTCB, CT2NL, HSP7E, NU155, IF2B3, Q9CPN9, SMC1A, SMC3, CXXC1, GARS, CEP72, SC23B, Q9D6D0, NOP56, FIP1, SPB1, MYPT1, NVL, EIF3F, RAI14, CPSF1, PESC, VPS35, LIMA1, DKC1, PALLD, NUP50, DDX21, FLII, YBOX3, IQGA1, Q9QUK9, CAF1A, K1C17, MAGD1, MTA2, PR40A, MYO1C, COR1C, E41L3, EHD1, WDR46, ZO2, NU160, ADNP, SYVC, Q9Z1R9, BAZ1B, K1C16, SNUT1, S4R2A9, S4R2J9, V9GX87
Species: Mus musculus
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Zhu WZ, Palazzo T, Zhou M, Ledee D, Olson HM, Paša-Tolić L, Olson AK. First comprehensive identification of cardiac proteins with putative increased O-GlcNAc levels during pressure overload hypertrophy. PloS one 2022 17(10) 36288343
Abstract:
Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) by O-GlcNAc globally rise during pressure-overload hypertrophy (POH). However, a major knowledge gap exists on the specific proteins undergoing changes in O-GlcNAc levels during POH primarily because this PTM is low abundance and easily lost during standard mass spectrometry (MS) conditions used for protein identification. Methodologies have emerged to enrich samples for O-GlcNAcylated proteins prior to MS analysis. Accordingly, our goal was to identify the specific proteins undergoing changes in O-GlcNAc levels during POH. We used C57/Bl6 mice subjected to Sham or transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to create POH. From the hearts, we labelled the O-GlcNAc moiety with tetramethylrhodamine azide (TAMRA) before sample enrichment by TAMRA immunoprecipitation (IP). We used LC-MS/MS to identify and quantify the captured putative O-GlcNAcylated proteins. We identified a total of 700 putative O-GlcNAcylated proteins in Sham and POH. Two hundred thirty-three of these proteins had significantly increased enrichment in POH over Sham suggesting higher O-GlcNAc levels whereas no proteins were significantly decreased by POH. We examined two MS identified metabolic enzymes, CPT1B and the PDH complex, to validate by immunoprecipitation. We corroborated increased O-GlcNAc levels during POH for CPT1B and the PDH complex. Enzyme activity assays suggests higher O-GlcNAcylation increases CPT1 activity and decreases PDH activity during POH. In summary, we generated the first comprehensive list of proteins with putative changes in O-GlcNAc levels during POH. Our results demonstrate the large number of potential proteins and cellular processes affected by O-GlcNAc and serve as a guide for testing specific O-GlcNAc-regulated mechanisms during POH.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
MA7D1, CAVN4, OTUD4, FIBA, TRDN, DPYL2, CLCA, MYH11, KNG1, PRDX6, AKAP1, DLDH, NDUBB, GSTO1, CASQ2, RL21, PHB2, ECH1, NDUA1, TIM44, CAVN1, AKAP2, SLK, NIPS2, AT2A2, PGAM2, EF1B, ATX2, NMT1, XIRP1, PDLI1, MYPC3, SNX3, DC1I2, PLIN4, ROA2, RAD, CLPP, TOM1, COX1, COX2, CAH2, CO3, IGJ, KV2A7, IGKC, GCAB, IGHG1, IGH1M, B2MG, HBA, HBB1, LAMC1, FABP4, CFAB, MYG, ALDOA, ANF, AATC, AATM, TBA1B, LDHA, G6PI, TRY2, TTHY, KCRM, ANXA2, ALBU, SPA3K, ENPL, APOE, MDHM, ITB1, PDIA1, NUCL, PGK1, FRIH, MYL3, SODM, NDUB1, ANXA1, EF1A1, CATB, TAU, THIO, GSTM1, H2B1F, H10, CO1A1, FABPH, HS90B, DMD, PFKAL, COX5A, RL7A, GELS, MYH3, AT1B1, GLUT4, RL7, MDHC, RSSA, CALR, HSPB1, ANXA6, GLNA, B4GT1, GSTM2, H12, LDHB, SPTN1, G3P, ENOA, HXK1, PPIA, TPIS, BASI, COF1, RL13A, SERPH, COX5B, COX41, BIP, PRDX3, VIME, CYTC, ENOB, TGM2, EIF3A, CBX3, CXA1, PIMT, CRYAB, CATA, CAPG, GSTA4, RS2, TLN1, MOES, RADI, CTNA1, DHE3, FKB1A, MAP4, RL3, H2AX, PDIA3, PABP1, FRIL1, FETUA, DESM, AIMP1, LA, ANT3, RANG, MIF, PTN11, HSPB7, ODPA, CALX, PRDX1, RL12, RL18, FBLN2, HMGCL, HSPA9, CAP1, TKT, RL28, ACSL1, ECI1, H14, H11, H15, H13, ALDR, COF2, ACADM, PRS7, ADX, ALDH2, CAPZB, RL6, RL29, CACP, RL13, ANXA5, TBCA, LMNA, CX7A2, TNNI3, ADT1, ROA1, PCY1A, CAV1, ODBA, CSRP3, ACADV, PA2G4, TNNT2, ICAL, ACADL, CAV3, MLRV, ADT2, LUM, KPYM, NDUS6, CPT2, RL10A, ODB2, CCHL, MOT1, IDHP, STOM, ADK, ATPK, ACYP2, ATP68, ATP5E, AT5G2, CX6B1, CX7A1, COX7B, CYB5, UBP5, ATPB, WFS1, ACTN4, EF2, OPA1, TPM1, B2L13, PCBP1, ACTB, RS20, PPLA, UB2D3, UBC12, UBE2N, RL26, RL27, SUMO2, 1433G, RS7, RS8, 1433E, RS14, RS18, RS11, RS13, DLRB1, EF1A2, RS4X, RL23A, RS6, H4, RAN, RS15, RS25, RS30, RL30, CYC, RL31, RS3, RL32, RL8, FBX40, YBOX1, RS27A, HSP7C, MPC1, CH60, GNAS2, 1433Z, HMGB1, IF5A1, ACTG, ACTH, RS12, RS10, RL22, ACTC, UB2L3, TBA4A, TBB4B, H31, IMB1, PEBP1, HINT1, IDHG1, NACAM, TCPD, SGCD, SGCA, WNK1, RL19, SRSF3, H32, RS3A, G3BP2, ANXA4, COQ7, G3BP1, LAMA4, QCR6, PRDX5, APOA1, CO1A2, NDKB, TERA, UBA1, MYH6, ATPA, KCRB, CO6A1, PGBM, EMAL1, ATP5I, CLUS, ANXA7, ACADS, CD36, NEBL, PERM1, TRI72, HSDL2, HP1B3, PRC2C, TM38A, Q3TV00, SRSF6, FUBP2, SDHF1, EI3JA, LIMC1, AAK1, NDUB6, MCCB, COBL1, SLMAP, SRBS2, K22O, CPZIP, NDUF2, MYPN, HSPB6, MLIP, IASPP, TM1L2, ODO1, LAMA2, STIP1, REEP5, VDAC2, VDAC1, COQ8A, LAP2B, PRDX2, HCFC1, LAMB2, HSP74, HCDH, FBN1, FXR1, KTN1, GDIB, DDX5, KINH, LASP1, PZP, NPM, NNTM, SNRPA, SPTB2, SPEG, SRBS1, DBNL, NDUA4, FKBP3, IF4G2, ZYX, CAVN2, SPRE, SF01, CD34, CH10, H2A2B, H2A2C, NQO1, VINC, EI3JB, CLH1, H2A2A, GPSM1, IF4G1, KCRS, LPPRC, AT1A2, CAND2, RS9, CMYA5, FHOD3, ATPMK, MIC27, MSRB2, NP1L4, MTCH1, MTCH2, PICAL, NDUAC, HNRPQ, HUWE1, LC7L2, MIC10, NEXN, SRCA, LNP, CLAP1, SRA1, UBP2L, NRAP, BDH, GLRX5, ATPF1, EFTU, H2A3, LPP, MYPT2, IF4B, ECHM, RCN3, SYIM, EIF2A, ODPX, EEA1, ODP2, ECHA, COQ3, RL24, FLNA, TIDC1, PLIN5, SYP2L, SSDH, THIM, MIC60, PABP2, BOLA3, SYEP, LONM, H2A1F, H2A1H, H2A1K, SEPT8, PGP, AL4A1, SLAI2, PDLI5, PYGB, PAK2, AFG32, EIF3B, FIBB, COXM2, COQ9, SDHA, SIR5, ACD10, NDUS8, NNRE, HIBCH, THIL, MARE2, QCR9, H2AJ, DC1L1, SPART, NAR3, MIC13, CLYBL, PP14C, TXLNB, MAVS, MYH9, VIGLN, PSMD2, AT1A1, LMCD1, HNRPU, S25A3, FLNC, SFPQ, NDUS1, MIC25, ATPG, SH3L3, UBAP2, NDUS2, EIF3H, CISD1, HEMO, EGLN1, L2HDH, RPN1, NDUV1, GRHPR, MYH7, PCCA, UGPA, ETFD, THIKA, TRFE, TOIP1, MACD1, CLIP1, K2C5, UBXN1, ALPK3, RT02, CPT1B, TALDO, ROAA, THTM, STML2, PACN3, ECHB, PLST, ACON, DCTN2, NAMPT, PPIF, NDUAA, ETFA, GRPE1, PARK7, NDUS5, DNJA3, PCCB, MCCA, PPR3A, EH1L1, ACS2L, RRBP1, GDIR1, NDUA5, COX6C, TOM22, ATP5L, NDUB2, COXM1, RM24, NDUC2, DECR, QCR8, NDUA2, FIS1, SDHB, NDUB4, NDUB5, NDUB9, AT5F1, RS21, ACO13, 1433B, CYB5B, KGD4, NDUA6, NDUB3, PSMD9, RL14, NDUB7, M2OM, UCRI, MIC19, OCAD1, PIN4, NDUS4, RT28, SERB1, SPCS2, SSBP, QCR1, NSF1C, C560, CISY, TOM70, RS19, ODPB, HNRPM, PGM1, SCOT1, CY1, HINT2, GAL3A, MCEE, CHCH2, ERP44, NOL3, MMAB, ODO2, COA3, RT33, ATPD, NDUB8, NDUV2, IDH3A, F162A, ARMC1, RL37, QCR7, RL4, EF1G, EFHD2, PRS37, ATPO, QCR2, PGAM1, MYPT1, LNEBL, TELO2, NDUA9, NDUS7, NDUA8, NDUBA, NDUS3, CRIP2, ETFB, ATP5H, MIC26, MMSA, EHD4, NDUAD, POPD1, HRG, PALLD, JPH2, IVD, NHRF2, PALMD, ACTN2, AK1A1, DBLOH, MYOZ2, PDK2, HSPB8, HIG1A, BAG3, AUHM, MACF1, VAPB, NDRG2, ACOT2, QKI, PRS30, UBQL2, H2AY, GLYG, ACOX1, DEST, KAD1, PSA1, KAD2, KAD3, CAD13, PYGM, IF4H, COR1B, SUCA, ECI2, SH3BG, TAGL2, PACN2, EHD1, AIFM1, NDUA7, BAG6, USO1, PLM, LETM1, SUCB2, SUCB1, K2C6B
Species: Mus musculus
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Zaro BW, Batt AR, Chuh KN, Navarro MX, Pratt MR. The Small Molecule 2-Azido-2-deoxy-glucose Is a Metabolic Chemical Reporter of O-GlcNAc Modifications in Mammalian Cells, Revealing an Unexpected Promiscuity of O-GlcNAc Transferase. ACS chemical biology 2017 12(3) 28135057
Abstract:
Glycans can be directly labeled using unnatural monosaccharide analogs, termed metabolic chemical reporters (MCRs). These compounds enable the secondary visualization and identification of glycoproteins by taking advantage of bioorthogonal reactions. Most widely used MCRs have azides or alkynes at the 2-N-acetyl position but are not selective for one class of glycoprotein over others. To address this limitation, we are exploring additional MCRs that have bioorthogonal functionality at other positions. Here, we report the characterization of 2-azido-2-deoxy-glucose (2AzGlc). We find that 2AzGlc selectively labels intracellular O-GlcNAc modifications, which further supports a somewhat unexpected, structural flexibility in this pathway. In contrast to the endogenous modification N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc), we find that 2AzGlc is not dynamically removed from protein substrates and that treatment with higher concentrations of per-acetylated 2AzGlc is toxic to cells. Finally, we demonstrate that this toxicity is an inherent property of the small-molecule, as removal of the 6-acetyl-group renders the corresponding reporter nontoxic but still results in protein labeling.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
A2A5R8, A2A6U3, A2AF81, A2AG39, A2AIW9, A2AJ72, A2AJI1, A2AKV2, A2AL12, A2AMW0, A2AUR3, LAS1L, TRM1L, A5A4Y9, A6PWC3, B0QZF8, B1AU76, UPP, B7ZC19, B7ZP47, B8JJC1, D3YWF6, D3YWK1, D3YWS3, D3YYP4, E9PX53, E9Q066, I2BP2, E9Q4Q2, E9Q5L7, E9Q7W0, E9QP59, F8WGW3, G3UX26, G3UYZ0, G3UZ44, G3X972, H3BKW0, H7BWX9, GTPB1, AIP, ATOX1, HDAC1, GSH0, DHX15, IKBE, AKAP2, SLK, IMPCT, IF6, ACOT1, NMT1, DHB12, SRPK1, ZN326, KLC1, RPP30, IDHC, CASP8, GCR, TYSY, RIR1, S10AA, LEG1, G3P, TPIS, PRDX3, CBX3, TISD, CATA, IMDH2, NFKB1, MAP4, CEBPB, CDK4, FKBP4, HMGB2, KAP3, MP2K1, RANG, PTN11, FBRL, PTN12, FMR1, HMGCL, DYN1, CAP1, STAT1, STAT3, PURA, ALD2, SIPA1, PURA2, GSHR, FOSL2, FOSL1, GSTM5, PCY1A, VATA, HDGF, UBP10, RHOX5, HMGA2, CCHL, NUB1, FAF1, ZNRD2, TB182, PCBP1, ARL1, PFD3, TCTP, HMGB1, DYL1, UB2L3, HDAC2, ELAV1, 4EBP2, PYRG1, TCPB, SPTC2, PSME2, BOP1, WBP2, XDH, HMMR, E2AK2, CO6A1, FABP5, LARP7, CNN2, PP4R2, RM10, Q3TFP0, GUAA, FUBP2, TRADD, CTU2, Q3U4W8, SNX27, BABA1, EDC4, COBL1, SKAP2, ARH40, CSTOS, LRRF1, ZMAT1, Q45VK5, JIP4, MDC1, Q5SUW3, SRC8, SAMH1, KHDR1, SPB6, CAPR1, PAPS1, TS101, PA1B2, FNTA, IGBP1, FSCN1, FXR1, CBX5, RAI1, MELK, FOXC2, DBNL, CYTB, NDRG1, RALY, GPDM, RAB3I, F120A, NOP58, Q6DFZ1, TPM4, Q6NXL1, Q6NZD2, TNPO3, SMHD1, UGGG1, UBXN7, TXLNA, DC1L2, KI18B, JUPI2, LARP1, CAND2, ACAP2, HNRPQ, SPAG7, ATX2L, MAP6, ELP1, PJA2, PGRC2, KCMF1, Q80VB6, FA98B, WDTC1, CPPED, LPP, PEF1, IF4B, ATG4B, FTO, Q8BH80, PRUN1, AHSA1, RCC2, NCEH1, LSS, FBLN3, PPR18, SRRM2, MSRB3, PPME1, RL1D1, TBCD4, NHLC2, MAP1S, TLK1, CND2, RAE1L, SEP10, ZFP57, UBA6, UBA3, STON1, PPM1F, GNL3, PUR1, HMCS1, Q8K0C7, PDXK, ANGE2, LRC41, SDE2, DNM1L, ANLN, MATR3, CBR3, MEPCE, ERF3A, DC1L1, SPART, TDIF2, HEXI1, SNP47, UBP15, MAVS, UBXN4, ACSF2, MICU1, ZNG1, BACH, ISOC1, IPYR2, CSDE1, PIP30, GCSH, Q91X76, DUS3L, BAG2, KCC1A, TTC1, HNRLL, RIN1, PP6R3, MARC2, DBR1, ATAD3, PSIP1, NXF1, NONO, PLST, RRAGC, VMA5A, TARA, DDAH2, TADA1, GRPE1, ABD12, NU155, OGFR, NPM3, GLOD4, COPRS, DPOE4, MIEN1, TRAP1, VATG1, CHSP1, OCAD1, RANB3, MFR1L, NDUF7, TBC15, PPIL4, MPPB, CYBP, ZCHC8, CD37L, MMS19, ARPIN, HNRPM, NXP20, SPF27, TOE1, Q9D4G5, ATAD1, CF226, IPYR, ORN, CNN3, KAP0, PLIN3, AKAP8, EIF3F, IFG15, LIMA1, NEK7, RTN3, STK3, NUP50, SYSM, HSPB8, BAG3, CUL3, RABX5, CAF1A, DREB, TOM40, DNJC7, NFU1, FBX6, NUBP1, DEST, TEBP, ACOT9, NFKB2, KAD2, SKP1, PDC6I, VAPA, CARM1, RAD9A, IF2G, SAE2, TRIP6, MBD2, HNRPF
Species: Mus musculus
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Chuh KN, Batt AR, Zaro BW, Darabedian N, Marotta NP, Brennan CK, Amirhekmat A, Pratt MR. The New Chemical Reporter 6-Alkynyl-6-deoxy-GlcNAc Reveals O-GlcNAc Modification of the Apoptotic Caspases That Can Block the Cleavage/Activation of Caspase-8. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2017 139(23) 28528544
Abstract:
O-GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is required for survival in mammalian cells. Genetic and biochemical experiments have found that increased modification inhibits apoptosis in tissues and cell culture and that lowering O-GlcNAcylation induces cell death. However, the molecular mechanisms by which O-GlcNAcylation might inhibit apoptosis are still being elucidated. Here, we first synthesize a new metabolic chemical reporter, 6-Alkynyl-6-deoxy-GlcNAc (6AlkGlcNAc), for the identification of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins. Subsequent characterization of 6AlkGlcNAc shows that this probe is selectively incorporated into O-GlcNAcylated proteins over cell-surface glycoproteins. Using this probe, we discover that the apoptotic caspases are O-GlcNAcylated, which we confirmed using other techniques, raising the possibility that the modification affects their biochemistry. We then demonstrate that changes in the global levels of O-GlcNAcylation result in a converse change in the kinetics of caspase-8 activation during apoptosis. Finally, we show that caspase-8 is modified at residues that can block its cleavage/activation. Our results provide the first evidence that the caspases may be directly affected by O-GlcNAcylation as a potential antiapoptotic mechanism.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
A2A4A6, A2A5R8, GPTC8, SPD2B, A2ACG7, A2AFQ9, A2AFW6, A2AG46, CKAP5, A2AH75, A2AJ72, MA7D1, A2AL12, A2AMW0, A2AMY5, TPX2, PPIG, LAS1L, A5A4Y9, A6PWC3, A6PWK7, UBP36, B1AT03, B1AT82, B1AU75, B2RQG2, OTUD4, B7ZCP4, B7ZP47, D3YUW8, D3YWF6, D3YWK1, D3YX62, SAFB1, D3YXM7, D3YZ06, D3YZP6, D3Z069, D3Z158, D3Z3F8, D3Z6W2, E0CYM1, E9PUH7, E9PVM7, E9PWG6, E9PWV3, E9PWW9, E9PY48, E9PYT3, E9PZM7, E9Q066, E9Q2X6, NU153, E9Q450, E9Q4K7, E9Q4Q2, KIF23, BD1L1, NUMA1, E9Q7M2, E9Q986, E9Q9E1, E9Q9H2, E9QKG3, E9QKG6, E9QKZ2, E9QLA5, E9QP49, E9QP59, E9QPI5, F2Z3X7, F6S5I0, F7AA26, F7BQE4, FARP1, F8VQ93, F8VQC7, F8VQE9, F8VQK5, F8WI30, G3UZ44, G3UZX6, G3X8R0, G3X8Y3, G3X928, G3X963, G3X972, G3X9V0, G5E896, G5E8E1, H3BJU7, H3BK31, H3BKK2, H7BX26, I1E4X0, I7HIK9, J3QNW0, DPYL2, GTPB1, AKAP1, TCOF, AIP, HDAC1, RL21, GSH0, KIF1C, DHX15, SC6A6, IF6, ILK, ATX2, NMT1, E41L2, DHB12, SRPK1, ZN326, ZFR, PARG, SPD2A, SP1, CASP8, HPRT, LDHA, G6PI, TYSY, RIR1, GNAI2, ITB1, 4F2, H2B1F, MAP1B, HMOX1, LEG1, G3P, KS6A3, COF1, GNAO, IFRD1, VIME, UBL4A, CBX3, CXA1, CATA, IMDH2, IL1RA, MCM3, CDK4, NKTR, FKBP4, CBX2, HMGB2, AIMP1, KAP3, MP2K1, SYWC, KIF4, NEDD1, DPOLA, RANG, UBP4, PTN11, RAB18, PTN1, PTN12, LDLR, DNLI1, CAP1, STAT3, STA5B, PURA, ALD2, RAGP1, NEDD4, STT3A, ALDH2, GSHR, GFPT1, PCY1A, MCM4, ICAL, PLCB3, CDN2A, HDGF, UBP10, KPYM, CCHL, IDHP, DDX6, GOGA3, COX17, ACTN4, GCP3, TB182, EIF3E, ABCE1, PFD3, 1433E, RAP1A, RS25, TCTP, DNJA1, HMGB1, IF5A1, RS17, RS12, UB2L3, HXD13, HDAC2, ELAV1, TP53B, CASP3, PYRG1, TCPB, STIM2, SRSF3, CSRP2, SPTC2, BOP1, SMAD4, M4K4, HNRL2, MARK3, LARP7, CNN2, PP4R2, PEPD, CDCA2, Q3TFP0, GUAA, PDE12, Q3TL72, PRC2C, NOL9, FUBP2, TRADD, CTU2, ZN865, Q3U4W8, Q3UG37, NAT9, NOL8, Q3UJQ9, SC31A, NCBP1, LRRF1, DDX17, LRC47, JIP4, EHMT1, CA050, AAPK1, NSRP1, Q5RL57, Q5SQB0, TENS3, PUR4, Q5UE59, SRC8, SAMH1, KHDR1, GRB10, HELLS, SPB6, RIPK1, CAPR1, ASNS, LAP2A, CDC37, TS101, SNTB2, FNTA, BAP31, PLPP1, FSCN1, FXR1, DDX5, ATRX, DDX3Y, DDX3X, TGFI1, DBNL, SH3G1, CYTB, SMAD2, NDRG1, ZYX, SQSTM, TPP2, ZN512, LAR4B, F120A, CNDG2, NOP58, LTV1, Q6NV52, Q6NXL1, Q6NZD2, ANKL2, Q6P5B5, XPO1, KIF15, FHOD1, TXLNA, PTN23, JUPI2, NUDC1, TACC1, UBE2O, LARP1, ACAP2, 2AAA, MTCH2, ZN503, CYFP1, HNRPQ, SPAG7, DEK, ACTN1, ATX2L, CKP2L, ZN516, ERBIN, SEPT9, PGRC2, Q80VB6, UBP2L, PI42B, ZN598, SAFB2, Q80ZX0, DLG1, LPP, PEF1, IF4B, FTO, TIPRL, Q8BH80, MISSL, ERC6L, CARF, PRUN1, NUP93, FBX30, HBAP1, AHSA1, RCC2, IPO5, SYLC, CKAP4, MAP11, PALM2, CPNE3, SENP7, CSN7B, NSD2, DPP9, Q8BWW3, KANK2, PXK, PIGT, ITPK1, NHLC2, MAP1S, GWL, PKHH2, CND2, THOP1, SEP11, SKA3, CA198, SEP10, AROS, UBA6, LIPB1, SMAG1, Q8CCM0, ZN276, NAA30, SNX8, SYEP, OGT1, GNL3, PDLI5, FERM2, AGO2, HMCS1, AMERL, SCNM1, DNM1L, NEK9, ANLN, EDC3, MATR3, CHAP1, MEPCE, ERF3A, CC137, TDIF2, VPS18, RFC3, MCMBP, HEXI1, LUZP1, SNP47, TMX1, MAVS, UBXN4, Q8VCQ8, ACSF2, PARN, VIGLN, PSMD2, NAA40, F1142, ZNG1, PAXI, SFPQ, CPIN1, RAB14, IPYR2, PUS7, CSDE1, PIP30, RABE2, CISD1, Q91X76, DUS3L, KCC1A, TTC1, SRGP2, SNX18, RISC, HNRLL, Q921K2, PP6R3, LRC59, UBXN1, DBR1, KCC2G, Q924B0, WAC, SMC6, PAWR, SIAS, STML2, PSIP1, NXF1, PDXD1, NONO, PLST, RRAGC, VMA5A, MAOM, DCTN2, ZN281, CT2NL, GRPE1, ABD12, NU155, OGFR, NPM3, NOP16, GLOD4, DUT, MTAP, IFM3, CYB5B, PAF15, PSMD9, WIPI3, SKA2, VATG1, CHSP1, LRC40, RANB3, SMC1A, MFR1L, ARHGP, DDX47, TBC15, PPIL4, MPPB, CYBP, TECR, SERB1, ZCHC8, SPCS2, Q9CZP3, CD37L, SSBP3, MMS19, MGRN1, ARPIN, HNRPM, SYRC, MCES, Q9D4G5, ATAD1, F162A, TRIR, IPYR, PHF10, ARFG3, ORN, BOLA1, CNN3, KAP0, PLIN3, AKAP8, XRN2, GNAI3, PUR6, RAI14, SENP3, ARFG1, SIL1, VPS35, DGCR8, SYCC, ELP4, LIMA1, XPO2, RBP2, RTN3, PALLD, TMOD3, STK3, COPB, NUP50, DDX21, SH3L1, DDX20, MBNL1, BAG3, GKAP1, ZN207, TRXR1, PPCE, CAF1A, LIMD1, NDRG3, DNJC7, NFU1, COPG1, NUBP1, SMAP, DEST, ACOT9, PR40A, FOXO1, FIZ1, NFKB2, KAD2, AKA12, PRKRA, PDC6I, CHIP, COR1C, VAPA, NDKM, E41L3, TAGL2, CARM1, MTNB, BCL10, IF2G, P5CS, COG1, MD2L1, EIF3G, SAE2, ILF3, TRIP6, USO1, BAZ1B, HNRPF, KEAP1
Species: Mus musculus
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Chuh KN, Zaro BW, Piller F, Piller V, Pratt MR. Changes in metabolic chemical reporter structure yield a selective probe of O-GlcNAc modification. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2014 136(35) 25153642
Abstract:
Metabolic chemical reporters (MCRs) of glycosylation are analogues of monosaccharides that contain bioorthogonal functionalities and enable the direct visualization and identification of glycoproteins from living cells. Each MCR was initially thought to report on specific types of glycosylation. We and others have demonstrated that several MCRs are metabolically transformed and enter multiple glycosylation pathways. Therefore, the development of selective MCRs remains a key unmet goal. We demonstrate here that 6-azido-6-deoxy-N-acetyl-glucosamine (6AzGlcNAc) is a specific MCR for O-GlcNAcylated proteins. Biochemical analysis and comparative proteomics with 6AzGlcNAc, N-azidoacetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAz), and N-azidoacetyl-galactosamine (GalNAz) revealed that 6AzGlcNAc exclusively labels intracellular proteins, while GlcNAz and GalNAz are incorporated into a combination of intracellular and extracellular/lumenal glycoproteins. Notably, 6AzGlcNAc cannot be biosynthetically transformed into the corresponding UDP sugar-donor by the canonical salvage-pathway that requires phosphorylation at the 6-hydroxyl. In vitro experiments showed that 6AzGlcNAc can bypass this roadblock through direct phosphorylation of its 1-hydroxyl by the enzyme phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase (AGM1). Taken together, 6AzGlcNAc enables the specific analysis of O-GlcNAcylated proteins, and these results suggest that specific MCRs for other types of glycosylation can be developed. Additionally, our data demonstrate that cells are equipped with a somewhat unappreciated metabolic flexibility with important implications for the biosynthesis of natural and unnatural carbohydrates.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
A1BN54, A2A4Z1, A2A6U3, A2AFJ1, A2AG83, A2AL12, A2AMW0, A2AMY5, LAS1L, B1AU75, OTUD4, B7FAU9, B7ZP47, D3YUC9, D3YVJ7, SAFB1, D3Z4W3, E9PVC5, E9PZM7, E9Q066, E9Q2X6, E9Q310, E9Q5L7, E9Q7M2, E9Q986, F6T2Z7, G3UZ44, G3UZI2, G3X8Q0, G3X8Y3, G3X928, G3X972, G3X9V0, G5E8E1, H3BKK2, J3JS94, CAN2, DPYL2, AIP, HDAC1, MP2K3, GSH0, DHX15, ZW10, AKAP2, SLK, NMT1, E41L2, SRPK1, PARG, SPD2A, LDHA, ANXA2, RIR1, ANXA1, LMNB1, LEG1, G3P, TPIS, COF1, FAS, CBX3, BCAT1, MCM3, MAP4, FKBP4, HMGB2, AIMP1, MP2K1, SYWC, RANG, UBP4, PTN11, RAB5C, DNLI1, CAP1, STAT3, EPS15, PURA, MSH2, ALD2, PURA2, NEDD4, GFPT1, PCY1A, ICAL, HDGF, UBP10, ACTN4, EF2, TB182, SF3B6, PCBP1, PSME3, PFD3, MTPN, DNJA1, SUMO1, IF5A1, UB2L3, HDAC2, ELAV1, 4EBP2, PYRG1, TCPB, BOP1, DAB2, XDH, UBA1, LARP7, CNN2, PP4R2, PSA, Q3TFP0, GUAA, METK2, FA98A, Q3TT92, UAP1L, NOL9, FUBP2, Q3U4W8, YRDC, NOL8, COBL1, CSTOS, LRRF1, Q3V3Y9, DDX17, MDC1, TENS3, Q5UE59, SRC8, SAMH1, KHDR1, SPB6, CAPR1, PAPS1, ASNS, LAP2B, LAP2A, PPM1G, CDC37, FXR1, PCBP2, KPCI, DDX3X, TSN, DBNL, CYTB, ZYX, RALY, SQSTM, TPP2, PEAK1, NOP58, TPM4, LTV1, ZC11A, Q6P5B5, SMHD1, GGA2, TXLNA, JUPI2, UBE2O, LARP1, 2AAA, MTCH2, DEK, MBB1A, ATX2L, OTUB1, MAP6, AFTIN, FLNB, PI42B, ZN598, SAFB2, GRWD1, CPPED, LPP, PEF1, IF4B, SYAC, RUFY1, PRUN1, CTF18, AHSA1, RCC2, IPO5, CKAP4, PPR18, HEAT3, SRRM2, HAT1, MAP1S, TLK1, CND2, THOP1, SEP11, TBL3, SEP10, UBA6, SYEP, GNL3, PDLI5, HMCS1, PKHO2, NEK9, ANLN, MATR3, CBR3, MEPCE, ERF3A, SPART, TDIF2, MCMBP, UBP15, MAVS, Q8VCQ8, PSMD2, FLNC, CPIN1, ACLY, MK67I, RINI, PUS7, CSDE1, DUS3L, KCC1A, TTC1, TADBP, RIN1, NONO, RRAGC, SERB, UBQL4, OGFR, NPM3, GLOD4, MTAP, CYB5B, PSMD9, CHSP1, OCAD1, RANB3, MFR1L, TBC15, CYBP, ZCHC8, GARS, CD37L, UB2V1, HNRPM, Q9D4G5, NOP56, IPYR, CNN3, KAP0, PLIN3, AKAP8, XRN2, MYPT1, PUR6, WDR4, SENP3, LIMA1, ANM1, NUP50, DDX20, IQGA1, MBNL1, ELOV1, DCLK1, BAG3, PPCE, CAF1A, LIMD1, DREB, TOM40, DEST, FOXO1, NFKB2, PDC6I, COR1C, TAGL2, CARM1, MTNB, GBP2, P5CS, EIF3G, SAE2, USO1, HNRPF, KEAP1
Species: Mus musculus
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Trinidad JC, Barkan DT, Gulledge BF, Thalhammer A, Sali A, Schoepfer R, Burlingame AL. Global identification and characterization of both O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation at the murine synapse. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 2012 11(8) 22645316
Abstract:
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a dynamic, reversible monosaccharide modifier of serine and threonine residues on intracellular protein domains. Crosstalk between O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation has been hypothesized. Here, we identified over 1750 and 16,500 sites of O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation from murine synaptosomes, respectively. In total, 135 (7%) of all O-GlcNAcylation sites were also found to be sites of phosphorylation. Although many proteins were extensively phosphorylated and minimally O-GlcNAcylated, proteins found to be extensively O-GlcNAcylated were almost always phosphorylated to a similar or greater extent, indicating the O-GlcNAcylation system is specifically targeting a subset of the proteome that is also phosphorylated. Both PTMs usually occur on disordered regions of protein structure, within which, the location of O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation is virtually random with respect to each other, suggesting that negative crosstalk at the structural level is not a common phenomenon. As a class, protein kinases are found to be more extensively O-GlcNAcylated than proteins in general, indicating the potential for crosstalk of phosphorylation with O-GlcNAcylation via regulation of enzymatic activity.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
A0JNY3, A2A653, A2A654, TANC2, ZEP3, MA7D2, CKAP5, CAMP1, LZTS3, A2AJ19, AJM1, MA7D1, A2ALK6, RPGP1, UBR4, A2AP92, SKT, ANR63, A2ATK9, A2AUD5, A2BI30, A6H6J9, A6MDD2, A8DUV1, B1AQX6, B1AR09, GRIK3, B1ATI9, B1AWT3, NHSL2, FRS1L, UBP24, DLGP4, B2RQ57, B2RQ80, PYR1, B2RQL0, B2RQQ5, GNAI1, B2RUE8, OTU7B, B2RWX1, B6ZHC4, B6ZHC5, B7ZCA7, B7ZMP8, B7ZNA4, B7ZNF6, B7ZWM6, B9EHE8, CTTB2, B9EKL9, PTPRZ, D1FNM8, D3YU59, D3YWX2, DGKH, D3YXR8, PGBD5, SHAN1, D3Z0V7, D3Z2J5, D9HP81, E0CYT1, E9PUA3, E9PUC4, DGKD, E9PUR0, E9PV14, E9PV26, KI67, E9PWL1, E9PWM3, E9PY55, E9PZP8, E9Q1M1, E9Q2B2, E9Q3D6, NU153, E9Q3M9, E9Q4N6, E9Q616, E9Q6T8, E9Q6Y8, NUMA1, E9Q828, E9Q9I2, E9Q9J6, E9QA16, E9QAP7, E9QAR5, SC16A, E9QJU8, E9QMJ1, SYGP1, RFIP2, HXK2, CAN2, SC22B, DPYL2, STXB1, TCOF, DCTN1, GLU2B, EF2K, PRDX4, AIP, NUMBL, GSTO1, GSH0, M3K5, PSMD4, DHX15, NPC1, BMPR2, VIAAT, BCAT2, CTND2, PITM1, CSK22, REPS1, ACK1, SLK, CAC1B, PGRC1, IMPA1, SYUA, AKA7A, STRN, RL35A, AT2A2, PGAM2, ATX2, NMT1, E41L2, GPX4, EMC8, DHB12, HCN4, KDM6A, ZN326, SORL, GRPE2, KLC1, ZFR, O88568, HCN2, HCN1, BSN, TOM1, RPP30, DNJB5, COX1, HA1D, HBA, K2C1, MBP, ALDOA, PGFRB, LDHA, G6PI, ENPP1, NEUM, ANXA2, RIR1, HS90A, EGR1, MDHM, KCC4, NFL, NFM, GNAI2, PDIA1, NUCL, CADH1, RC3H2, LRC4B, IGS11, DERPC, UBB, IFI5B, IFI4, ANXA1, EF1A1, H2B1F, PARP1, HS90B, DMD, KCC2A, TCPA, A4, COX5A, GELS, UMPS, NCAM1, GPDA, MDHC, SRP54, RLA0, GLNA, H12, LEG1, DDX3L, SPTN1, AP2A2, TPIS, KS6A3, COF1, GNAO, NFH, SERPH, VIME, MTAP2, EIF3A, CBX3, IMDH2, MCM3, CTNA1, MAP4, GNA12, GNA13, PDIA3, PSB8, NCKP1, PABP1, FKBP4, HMGB2, AIMP1, LA, ACM4, SYWC, RANG, RAB5C, RAB18, CALX, PRDX1, RL12, PPM1B, DNLI1, CAP1, STAT3, PURA, OPRM, TCPQ, CX6A1, MSH2, H14, H11, ALDR, ALD2, CBP, AINX, NEDD4, RP3A, CAPZB, SRPRB, RL36, SOX2, HS74L, ADT1, ROA1, INPP, PCY1A, MCM4, CSRP3, RAB7A, CDN2A, HDGF, ADT2, IMA1, UBP10, KPYM, RIDA, HMGA2, RL10A, CCHL, SOX1, RAB2A, ATX1, CACB3, HMCS2, GOGA3, ATPK, ATPB, ACTN4, IDI1, ACOT8, PTPA, KCNN2, KCNN3, TB10A, TB182, SF3B6, MRTFB, DOCK4, MYPR, EIF3E, PCBP1, LIPA3, ACTB, IF4A1, SNP25, RAB10, CSN2, RRAS2, PRS8, RS15A, 1433E, RS18, RS11, SMD1, ABI2, EF1A2, ACTA, VATB2, RL23, RS24, GBB1, HSP7C, TCTP, GNAS2, 1433Z, HMGB1, IF5A1, ACTG, RS17, RS12, UB2L3, RACK1, ACTS, TBA4A, TBA1A, TBB4B, PLXA2, DCC, EBP, NFIX, EM55, HNRH2, NCOA1, ELAV1, RGRF2, USP9X, TCPB, TCPE, TCPZ, NUCB2, IRS2, WNK1, RL36A, CSRP1, SEPR, RS3A, DPYL1, MPRIP, CAC1A, ATP5J, BOP1, RS5, WBP2, CXAR, PLPL9, G3BP1, RBBP6, CDS1, TBB5, IL6RB, NMDE2, NMDE3, TOP2A, NOTC1, NDKB, AQP1, UBA1, CTNB1, S30BP, NFIA, NUCB1, MARK3, APLP1, ENAH, ATPA, TF65, YES, MARK2, PGBM, PYC, CAPR2, EMAL1, LARP7, BAX, CNN2, LYAR, CHD8, CNNM1, INF2, TT21B, Q0IJ77, TRIO, VGF, TANC1, CDK12, Q14B66, MA6D1, NSUN2, MCM9, PHAR1, PSD3, Q2Q7P0, FILA2, Q3TAD4, NB5R4, GUAA, METK2, PRC2C, Q3TRG3, PLPL6, K22E, YETS2, Q3TY93, FUBP2, F117B, Q3U882, LBR, TM109, FOXK2, Q3UFK1, Q3UGZ4, TNR6C, DAB2P, ZEP2, AAK1, Q3UHT7, DTX3L, EDC4, PARP3, WASC4, GRIN1, Q3UQ23, SRBS2, THSD4, MRCKA, SPRY3, KSR2, GRM5, TBCD9, LRRF1, ARMX5, STOX2, SHAN3, UBN1, OXR1, DDX17, PHAR4, ANR28, ZN608, Q571B7, PRAG1, TAB3, Q58DZ3, IQEC2, Q5DU62, AAPK1, NUFP2, UNKL, SMG7, RBM27, CYFP2, TM1L2, PSME4, ANR40, Q5SUH6, GGNB2, SYNRG, Q5SVJ0, RPGP2, TBC9B, ACACA, Q5SXC4, Q5XJV5, LMTK3, RN123, ZDHC8, SRC8, MYL6, SKI, SAMH1, IRGM1, CLD11, NPT2A, SPB6, VDAC2, VDAC3, VDAC1, STYX, RBBP4, ASNS, NCOA2, LAP2A, PPM1G, ASTN1, PRDX2, HCFC1, APC, KCNA4, AP180, FXR1, GDIB, GRID2, GRID1, CBX5, SERA, LASP1, NPM, PCBP2, M3K7, SRBS1, DBNL, SH3G1, CYTB, IF4G2, MINT, ZYX, RALY, TFE3, Q640L6, AR13B, HECAM, NPDC1, SYN2, TBR1, ISG15, ABCG1, ATP4A, MRC2, G3PT, PTN13, TPP2, CTNA3, SBNO1, BEGIN, K1549, GIT1, SLAI1, PKP4, PEAK1, CDK13, SH3R1, MYOF, ABLM3, ARMX2, CE170, LAR4B, NOP58, Q6GR78, TPM4, NIPBL, RRP5, FBX41, Q6NVA3, RPRD2, WWC2, ZN532, Q6NXW0, S23IP, SMHD1, NEST, CSKI1, Q6P9N8, MTSS2, AHDC1, PTN23, TRAK1, SRSF1, CHD4, DLGP3, NUP98, NYAP1, KCC2D, AT1A3, AT1A2, NFRKB, RIGI, MAGI1, WDFY3, TACC1, GGYF2, PF21A, KDM3B, CNOT1, LARP1, Q6ZQB7, NU188, Q6ZQJ9, Q6ZQK4, RS9, RL10, IF2A, SC6A5, SEM6D, 2AAA, EEIG1, MTCH2, PICAL, MRO2B, SCN4B, PLPR4, HNRPQ, TBB2A, SMAP2, Q7TNS5, PLPR3, MBB1A, LNP, TPPP, ATX2L, OTUB1, EXOS3, MAP6, ELP1, SI1L2, LRRC7, ERBIN, PHF24, R3HD2, NAV3, AGRL3, Q80TS6, AUXI, MADD, AVL9, PUM1, UBP8, NU214, SEPT9, NAA15, CAMP3, FA98B, TDRKH, EPN1, TMCC2, AGFG2, UBP2L, Q80X68, C2C2L, FLNB, LRRT4, WNK3, PRIC2, CNKR2, ZN598, SHAN2, AGRB3, Q80ZX0, ZFYV1, MAST4, RHG32, ENTP3, LPP, PEF1, ACTBL, TET3, MYPT2, IF4B, SYAC, F168A, TBL1R, TB10B, CSTP1, CARF, TGO1, FRM4A, SYIM, ANS1B, DLGP2, ZNT6, RCC2, ABLM2, LSS, UNC80, NOE2, CF015, EMSY, ODP2, GGA3, SYLC, DMXL2, IMP2L, CLAP2, LIPA2, ASPH, CNOT4, FLNA, F163B, GEPH, CREST, KCC1D, PGES2, KANK2, GEMI5, IFFO1, OSBL6, YTHD3, TM266, POGZ, LACC1, MAP1S, A16L1, SI1L1, PP4R4, MYO9A, THOP1, RBM14, Q8C2R1, CNOT2, Q8C6E9, CC134, ANK2, ELFN1, DIDO1, NHSL1, WDR37, DCTN4, SYNPO, BCAS3, VCIP1, Q8CE98, TAB1, SCYL2, NED4L, SYEP, F193A, GNAL, OGT1, NAV1, SYNJ1, RPGF2, EP400, PHC3, P66A, TBCE, VWF, STAU2, LIN7A, TBC23, ZBT20, RTN1, HS12A, DNM1L, UNC5B, UNC5A, ANLN, AGFG1, MATR3, Q8K314, AHI1, NDUS8, I2BPL, PREP, ABLM1, EIF3L, ERF3A, HNRPL, IQEC1, DOCK7, DC1L1, SPART, BST2, RFIP5, AT2A1, NUP35, LUZP1, MAVS, MYH9, PARN, AT1A1, SIR2, SNRK, ZDHC5, CC50A, AMOT, AGAP3, MARK1, Q8VHM5, FLNC, SFPQ, CPIN1, WDR13, BACH, S12A5, RAB14, ACLY, MIC25, ATPG, DDX1, SH3L3, UBAP2, NCOA5, CSDE1, FRS3, ZFN2B, DLG2, PTBP2, SRGP1, TMLH, DYST, SYUB, ELOV6, ALS2, TADBP, TBB6, CLIP1, LRC59, K2C5, UBXN1, SIR1, SPRE1, PAWR, MED1, MEP50, STML2, UBP11, NONO, RRAGC, VMA5A, MAOM, DCTN2, NEUA, DDAH2, DNJA3, TRXR3, RB6I2, SRRT, DSRAD, Q99NC2, RIMS1, ANR17, NU155, NTRI, RRBP1, ZN318, TRI33, ATP5L, RL17, GLOD4, DUT, SDHB, GLRX3, IFM3, NECP1, OCAD1, RRP44, TBB2B, DDAH1, YIF1B, ROA0, NIP7, MPPB, CYBP, RL11, TECR, CHTOP, SERB1, QCR1, NNRD, GARS, TOM70, RS19, SYRC, CNDP2, TMEDA, ODO2, DLGP1, TBB4A, IDH3A, IPYR, RL37, FIP1, TIM50, EF1G, RM17, GSDMD, DDA1, F135B, TM263, CNN3, PLIN3, PGAM1, XRN2, MYPT1, DJC10, KC1D, GNAI3, PUR6, S38A3, NDUBA, CRIP2, TSC1, RAI14, NBEA, TCF20, SORC2, DPYL5, TBB3, RBP2, ARHG7, RTN3, SPN90, RBCC1, PSMG2, DDX24, CLD12, PALLD, ELF2, TMOD3, NUDT3, COPB, NUP50, DDX21, TULP4, FLII, RPF2, CCG3, TBA8, IQGA1, NECT1, ADRM1, FMN2, PALS1, DCLK1, BAG3, CUL3, MINK1, REEP6, TRXR1, SYGP1, SON, APBB1, DREB, SPY2, MACF1, ULK2, ZBP1, TOM40, ADDA, GOGA5, DNJB1, MAP1A, PCLO, GAB1, RIPK3, NPAS3, SH2D3, NUBP2, ZEB2, SYT7, DEST, TEBP, SRS10, RPGR, PR40A, KHDR3, TPSN, CDYL, KAD2, TEN1, PDC6I, CHIP, IF4H, COR1B, COR1C, TNIP1, GANP, ARC, MPP2, SHAN1, VAPA, GSK3B, DEMA, E41L3, JIP1, GBP2, CAD20, P5CS, LAT1, DYR1B, MD2L1, SAE2, APCL, SYVC, MTMR1, MECP2, E41L1, SUCB1, HDAC6, GRIA4, HOME1, OSB10
Species: Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus
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