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Huynh VN, Wang S, Ouyang X, Wani WY, Johnson MS, Chacko BK, Jegga AG, Qian WJ, Chatham JC, Darley-Usmar VM, Zhang J. Defining the Dynamic Regulation of O-GlcNAc Proteome in the Mouse Cortex---the O-GlcNAcylation of Synaptic and Trafficking Proteins Related to Neurodegenerative Diseases. Frontiers in aging 2021 2 35822049
Abstract:
O-linked conjugation of ß-N-acetyl-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine and threonine residues is a post-translational modification process that senses nutrient availability and cellular stress and regulates diverse biological processes that are involved in neurodegenerative diseases and provide potential targets for therapeutics development. However, very little is known of the networks involved in the brain that are responsive to changes in the O-GlcNAc proteome. Pharmacological increase of protein O-GlcNAcylation by Thiamet G (TG) has been shown to decrease tau phosphorylation and neurotoxicity, and proposed as a therapy in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, acute TG exposure impairs learning and memory, and protein O-GlcNAcylation is increased in the aging rat brain and in Parkinson's disease (PD) brains. To define the cortical O-GlcNAc proteome that responds to TG, we injected young adult mice with either saline or TG and performed mass spectrometry analysis for detection of O-GlcNAcylated peptides. This approach identified 506 unique peptides corresponding to 278 proteins that are O-GlcNAcylated. Of the 506 unique peptides, 85 peptides are elevated by > 1.5 fold in O-GlcNAcylation levels in response to TG. Using pathway analyses, we found TG-dependent enrichment of O-GlcNAcylated synaptic proteins, trafficking, Notch/Wnt signaling, HDAC signaling, and circadian clock proteins. Significant changes in the O-GlcNAcylation of DNAJC6/AUXI, and PICALM, proteins that are risk factors for PD and/or AD respectively, were detected. We compared our study with two key prior O-GlcNAc proteome studies using mouse cerebral tissue and human AD brains. Among those identified to be increased by TG, 15 are also identified to be increased in human AD brains compared to control, including those involved in cytoskeleton, autophagy, chromatin organization and mitochondrial dysfunction. These studies provide insights regarding neurodegenerative diseases therapeutic targets.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
TANC2, AMRA1, CAMP1, SKT, AGRIN, KANL3, TTLL3, NHSL2, CTTB2, CCDC6, SHAN1, SYGP1, DPYL2, STXB1, CLOCK, NOTC2, VIAAT, CTND2, TPD53, REPS1, NLK, ACK1, SYUA, ATX2, PDLI1, ZFR, HCN1, BSN, TOM1, SYN1, GCR, EGR1, NFL, NFM, ATX1L, DERPC, KCC2A, CNTN1, HSPB1, MAP1B, G3P, ATF2, MTAP2, RS2, FOXK1, STAT3, AINX, EPB41, RFX1, LMNA, INPP, VATA, DVL1, CNBP, ATX1, NCAN, GOGA3, PTPA, GCP3, TB182, GMEB2, YTHD1, PI5PA, MRTFB, LIPA3, NACAM, TNIK, WNK1, NPTN, NEO1, S30BP, ZEP1, APOC2, EMAL1, RELCH, PRC2C, YETS2, FUBP2, QRIC1, LIMC1, DAB2P, ZEP2, AAK1, TNR6A, FCHO2, DRC1, SRBS2, GRM5, PACS2, OXR1, PHAR4, LIN54, MLIP, UNKL, SMG7, RBM27, CYFP2, SYNRG, SRC8, SKIL, NCOR1, LAMA5, HCFC1, P3C2A, SAP, APC, TOB1, AP180, FXR1, HS71A, LASP1, MAFK, M3K7, TAF6, ASPP1, SRBS1, DBNL, SH3G1, TLE4, IF4G2, MINT, ZYX, NUP62, OMGP, TFE3, SYN2, TBR1, RBL2, SBNO1, SLAI1, PKP4, SH3R1, JHD2C, ABLM3, ARMX2, LAR4B, HELZ, S23IP, RBM26, BCR, AHDC1, PAPD7, MFF, KMT2D, ERC2, NFRKB, WDFY3, GGYF2, TEX2, CNOT1, IF2A, PICAL, PLPR3, PRC2B, C2CD5, TPPP, ATX2L, MAP6, NAV3, AUXI, RIMB2, AVL9, NU214, AP4E1, UBP2L, C2C2L, IF4G3, ZN598, SHAN2, LPP, MYPT2, PHIPL, TB10B, CCD40, ZC3HE, DLGP2, ZC21A, BAIP2, EMSY, CLAP2, LIPA2, SRRM2, PAMR1, GEPH, YTHD3, POGZ, EPC2, SI1L1, RBM14, HYCC2, ANK2, CDAN1, SYNPO, VCIP1, TAB1, MEF2C, F193A, OGT1, EP400, EPN2, P66A, PDLI5, GTPBA, ZBT20, RTN1, BRD3, AGFG1, ABLM1, MRTFA, DC1L1, SPART, RFIP5, NUP35, WASF1, SC6A8, SGIP1, AGAP3, P66B, TAF9, WDR13, LRP5, UBAP2, BASP1, DCP1A, SYUB, TRFE, TRIM7, CIC, S12A6, GORS2, TAB2, EPN4, RNF34, ANR17, NECP1, FLIP1, ROA0, RBM33, TPD54, ODO2, DLGP1, FIP1, TM263, PLIN3, LNEBL, KC1D, NBEA, INP4A, RIMS2, RBP2, RTN3, NUDT3, ATR, ADRM1, FMN2, NCOA6, SON, ULK2, ADDA, MAGD1, MAP1A, GRM3, PCLO, GAB1, FBX6, NPAS3, GUAD, NCOR2, ATRN, NFAT5, DEMA, E41L3, SLIT3, CARM1, DYR1B, MECP2, E41L1, HDAC6
Species: Mus musculus
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Kim HB, Seo HG, Son S, Choi H, Kim BG, Kweon TH, Kim S, Pai J, Shin I, Yang WH, Cho JW. O-GlcNAcylation of Mef2c regulates myoblast differentiation. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2020 529(3) 32736694
Abstract:
Unlike other types of glycosylation, O-GlcNAcylation is a single glycosylation which occurs exclusively in the nucleus and cytosol. O-GlcNAcylation underlie metabolic diseases, including diabetes and obesity. Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation affects different oncogenic processes such as osteoblast differentiation, adipogenesis and hematopoiesis. Emerging evidence suggests that skeletal muscle differentiation is also regulated by O-GlcNAcylation, but the detailed molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we showed that hyper-O-GlcNAcylation reduced the expression of myogenin, a transcription factor critical for terminal muscle development, in C2C12 myoblasts differentiation by O-GlcNAcylation on Thr9 of myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2c. Furthermore, we showed that O-GlcNAcylation on Mef2c inhibited its DNA binding affinity to myogenin promoter. Taken together, we demonstrated that hyper-O-GlcNAcylation attenuates skeletal muscle differentiation by increased O-GlcNAcylation on Mef2c, which downregulates its DNA binding affinity.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
MEF2C
Species: Mus musculus
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Cannon MV, Silljé HH, Sijbesma JW, Vreeswijk-Baudoin I, Ciapaite J, van der Sluis B, van Deursen J, Silva GJ, de Windt LJ, Gustafsson JÅ, van der Harst P, van Gilst WH, de Boer RA. Cardiac LXRα protects against pathological cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction by enhancing glucose uptake and utilization. EMBO molecular medicine 2015 7(9) 26160456
Abstract:
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by a shift in metabolic substrate utilization from fatty acids to glucose, but the molecular events underlying the metabolic remodeling remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of liver X receptors (LXRs), which are key regulators of glucose and lipid metabolism, in cardiac hypertrophic pathogenesis. Using a transgenic approach in mice, we show that overexpression of LXRα acts to protect the heart against hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction. Gene expression profiling studies revealed that genes regulating metabolic pathways were differentially expressed in hearts with elevated LXRα. Functionally, LXRα overexpression in isolated cardiomyocytes and murine hearts markedly enhanced the capacity for myocardial glucose uptake following hypertrophic stress. Conversely, this adaptive response was diminished in LXRα-deficient mice. Transcriptional changes induced by LXRα overexpression promoted energy-independent utilization of glucose via the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, resulting in O-GlcNAc modification of GATA4 and Mef2c and the induction of cytoprotective natriuretic peptide expression. Our results identify LXRα as a key cardiac transcriptional regulator that helps orchestrate an adaptive metabolic response to chronic cardiac stress, and suggest that modulating LXRα may provide a unique opportunity for intervening in myocyte metabolism.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
NKX25, GATA4, MEF2C
Species: Mus musculus
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