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Jeon BC, Kim YJ, Park AK, Song MR, Na KM, Lee J, An D, Park Y, Hwang H, Kim TD, Lim J, Park SK. Dynamic O-GlcNAcylation governs long-range chromatin interactions in V(D)J recombination during early B-cell development. Cellular & molecular immunology 2025 22(1) 39627609
Abstract:
V(D)J recombination secures the production of functional immunoglobulin (Ig) genes and antibody diversity during the early stages of B-cell development through long-distance interactions mediated by cis-regulatory elements and trans-acting factors. O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic and reversible posttranslational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins that regulates various protein functions, including DNA-binding affinity and protein-protein interactions. However, the effects of O-GlcNAcylation on proteins involved in V(D)J recombination remain largely unknown. To elucidate this relationship, we downregulated O-GlcNAcylation in a mouse model by administering an O-GlcNAc inhibitor or restricting the consumption of a regular diet. Interestingly, the inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation in mice severely impaired Ig heavy-chain (IgH) gene rearrangement. We identified several factors crucial for V(D)J recombination, including YY1, CTCF, SMC1, and SMC3, as direct targets of O-GlcNAc modification. Importantly, O-GlcNAcylation regulates the physical interaction between SMC1 and SMC3 and the DNA-binding patterns of YY1 at the IgH gene locus. Moreover, O-GlcNAc inhibition downregulated DDX5 protein expression, affecting the functional association of CTCF with its DNA-binding sites at the IgH locus. Our results showed that locus contraction and long-range interactions throughout the IgH locus are disrupted in a manner dependent on the cellular O-GlcNAc level. In this study, we established that V(D)J recombination relies on the O-GlcNAc status of stage-specific proteins during early B-cell development and identified O-GlcNAc-dependent mechanisms as new regulatory components for the development of a diverse antibody repertoire.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
MPEG1, CUL4B, DHX8, RHG27, VIR, PNISR, FRPD1, RENT2, LAS1L, ITIH4, THOC2, MMRN1, PYR1, YTDC2, PTPRB, ANR44, RBM25, OSBL8, DAAF5, SAFB1, KI67, DESP, YTDC1, UBE4A, NUMA1, MORC3, HXK2, LEG9, KNG1, UBE3A, DCTN1, DIAP1, U5S1, RL21, PHB2, CPSF2, DHX15, EXOC4, STAG2, AP1B1, PININ, HNRH1, SP100, GP1BA, ITB3, RL35A, SPT5H, DHX9, E41L2, BAZ1A, ZFR, ROA2, PRS6A, FA5, AFAM, COR1A, SP1, C1QR1, COX2, AMY1, CO3, CO4B, B2MG, HBA, HBB1, K1C10, K2C1, CFAB, ALDOA, TBA1B, TBA3, ITAM, K1C18, LDHA, LCK, APOA4, PTPRC, CFAH, TTHY, ANXA2, ALBU, A1AT1, SPA3K, HS90A, TRFL, ENPL, APOE, MDHM, GNAI2, RPB1, ITB1, PDIA1, NUCL, APOA2, PTPRQ, CALM2, EF1A1, 4F2, PARP1, PERM, FINC, HS90B, K2C8, ITA5, ITB2, TCPA, RL7A, GELS, ICAM1, DNMT1, S10A6, RL27A, RS16, RL7, RSSA, LMNB1, ANXA6, RLA0, CD44, LEUK, H12, CN37, AMPE, HS71L, G3P, LAMP2, HSP72, ENOA, PTBP1, PPIA, TPIS, LYZ1, PCNA, PTPRA, BASI, KS6A1, KS6A3, COF1, FAS, THRB, RL13A, BIP, VIME, PLMN, VTDB, A1AT2, CBL, AP1G1, EIF3A, EST1C, ITAL, CD11B, MCM3, RS2, CD19, UBF1, TLN1, EZRI, MOES, KLKB1, H2AX, VAV, NCKP1, MUG1, KIF2A, DPP4, PTN6, FETUA, C5AR1, CEAM1, CD68, ANT3, SYWC, KIF4, DPOLA, RAB5C, RAB18, CD22, TSP1, CALX, RFC1, PRDX1, RL12, RL18, DNLI1, HSPA9, DYN2, RL28, MMP9, STAT1, STA5B, EPS15, TCPQ, MSH2, H14, H15, RAGP1, SIPA1, NSF, PRS7, BRCC3, NEDD4, CAPZB, RL6, RL5, RL13, RL36, KSYK, PERE, ROA1, MCM4, MCM5, SAHH, K2C6A, VATA, PA2G4, RAB7A, RL9, ADT2, IMA1, PON1, DPOD1, UBP10, KPYM, STAT6, RL10A, CEBPZ, PIPNB, MSH6, UBP5, ATPB, UBP25, NICA, ACTN4, EF2, OPA1, FOXP1, TPM2, WDHD1, ARPC4, RUVB1, PCBP1, ACTB, IF4A1, RS20, UB2D3, ARF3, RL26, RL27, RL37A, ARF4, HNRPK, RS7, PRS4, RS8, RS15A, RS14, RS23, RS18, RS11, RS13, SMD2, ARF6, PRS10, RS4X, RL18A, RL23A, RS6, H4, VATB2, RAB1A, RAN, RL23, RS24, RS25, RS26, RL30, RL31, RS3, RL8, PROF1, RL40, HSP7C, PHB1, RL22, RACK1, ACTS, TBA4A, TBB4B, 1433F, IMB1, M4K1, PKN1, STIM1, PYRG2, ROCK1, RAD50, PYRG1, TCPH, TCPB, TCPD, TCPE, TCPZ, TCPG, WNK1, RHOG, RL19, H33, BACH2, MCM2, MCM6, RS3A, ANX11, SMRC1, FUMH, ARVC, TBB5, APOA1, A1AT4, TYY1, HNRL2, LYAM3, TOP2A, APOH, TERA, UBA1, PLAK, ATPA, IKZF1, SPA3M, SMRCD, TOP1, RAC2, PYC, IF2P, CBG, ACADS, AMBP, PECA1, SSRP1, ZCH18, K2C80, PSA, PTCD3, NSUN2, EDEM3, MCM9, TMC5, HMHA1, HP1B3, GUAA, H2AV, SMCA4, PRC2C, MIDN, K1C26, K22E, PSMD1, BRE1B, ESYT1, AAK1, RHG17, EDC4, UBP19, GPD1L, ELNE, SC31A, IQGA2, K22O, ITB2L, C1TM, UN13A, PLCH1, PDS5B, CENPJ, DDX46, TR150, A16A1, EHMT1, MCTP2, RBM27, CYFP2, PSME4, MYO1G, LC7L3, PUR4, MYH1, LEO1, SIN3A, XRCC1, ODO1, HNRPD, SAMH1, HELLS, ARHG2, I17RA, PML, 2A5G, PPM1G, CFAI, CERU, CTCF, PRDX2, EZH2, HCFC1, PA1B3, ARHG1, PLSL, A2AP, HSP74, DSG1A, GSLG1, EWS, RAD21, FSCN1, GDIB, DDX5, HS105, ITIH2, ITA6, EI2BD, SERA, KINH, PDCD4, PZP, PRG2, MYH10, MCM7, NPM, PCBP2, CTR9, DDX3X, CD180, SPTB2, SPR1A, TIF1B, TFR1, RU17, SPT6H, NDUA4, IF4G2, MINT, RHG30, H2B1B, TOP2B, TPP2, AT2A3, H2A2C, VINC, PUR2, CLH1, SYMC, GNPTA, PDS5A, CDC5L, CE290, F120A, UBP7, JADE3, K1C42, K2C72, SR140, K2C73, S23IP, IF4G1, RBM26, P4R3A, U520, ABCF1, SMHD1, UGGG1, XPO1, ANO6, KIF15, KIF11, FHOD1, FKB15, PTN23, LPPRC, SMRC2, ECM29, CHD4, PK3C3, NUP98, GMIP, NFRKB, TEX2, UBE2O, KDM3B, CE162, CNOT1, CAND1, LARP1, VIP2, RS9, RL35, RS27L, 2AAA, SND1, ASAP2, IPO8, HUWE1, LC7L2, MBB1A, INT7, CTDP1, PP6R1, ELP1, DCAF1, CLAP1, SCRIB, PUM1, NU214, NAA15, FACD2, FBLL1, SYMPK, SIG10, DDX42, ANFY1, EFTU, TNPO1, ROA3, PLD4, SYAC, S2512, NU107, PTBP3, NRDC, ERC6L, GANAB, SP130, NUP93, SUN2, RCC2, IPO5, ODP2, RBGPR, SYLC, SYQ, ECHA, RL24, CLAP2, CNDH2, PB1, FLNA, SYIC, IFIX, CIP2A, GEMI5, UBP47, CTL2, TBCD, POGZ, ANC2, KS6A5, EFL1, LCAP, DOCK8, CND2, IWS1, RBM14, DOCK2, UBA6, MIC60, UFL1, VCIP1, NUP88, NED4L, RPB2, AQR, SMC4, SMC2, SYEP, TCRG1, LONM, OGT1, CHERP, CCAR1, INT5, PYGB, COPA, PLCG2, INT4, EIF3B, BCLF1, K319L, URP2, DNM1L, NEK9, FCHO1, PAF1, IPO11, CND1, MATR3, PLCL2, DP13A, PO121, SF3A1, HNRPL, NU133, EIF3C, BST2, CD177, ADIPL, CDC16, STPAP, LRC8C, ACSF2, EVI2B, MYH9, UHRF1, VIGLN, ADPGK, PSMD2, HNRL1, AT1A1, MICA1, CCAR2, DX39A, SRSF4, K2C79, RFA1, HNRPU, S25A3, RBM39, SEC63, IPO4, SFPQ, ACLY, IF4A3, NDUS1, ATPG, DDX1, UBAP2, HEMO, IPO9, RBM5, PRP6, SMCA5, SP16H, TADBP, SF3B3, SYDC, PP6R3, C1TC, NOP2, PDE2A, KIF2C, K2C5, SIR1, XPO5, SMRD2, ECHB, ARP3, EMIL1, UN45A, ACON, DPP3, HSP7E, GTPB4, ARBK1, SRRT, SF3B1, NU155, RRBP1, DHX30, RL17, NUDC2, 6PGL, COTL1, RM18, TRAP1, AT5F1, RL14, XPOT, PRPS2, RRP44, SMC1A, SMUF1, SMC3, PUR9, SNX2, ROA0, RL11, GARS, RL15, MTREX, MMS19, HNRPM, SYRC, NH2L1, RL34, GRIFN, UB2V2, S10AE, CORO7, STAG1, CUL5, SC23B, CALL3, NOP56, RL4, EF1G, PRP4, QCR2, PELP1, AP2B1, XRN2, NVL, EIF3K, 6PGD, SYF1, EIF3F, XPO7, IPO7, RENT1, BCAP, PESC, ERAP1, VPS35, EHD4, TFP11, XPO2, PKHA2, RBP2, UBE4B, SHIP1, HRG, XPO4, AN32B, GTF2I, DYHC1, STK4, COPB, DDX21, ACINU, FLII, IQGA1, HYOU1, HIP1R, FMNL1, SACS, SART3, GIT2, MY18A, ITA2B, FAK2, CAF1A, K1C17, FETUB, PLEC, PO210, ADDA, PCLO, COPG1, UBQL2, H2AY, ZEB2, GALK1, SC11A, MTA2, PR40A, TIM, MYO1C, INSRR, MD1L1, PDC6I, PFKAP, CXA10, GANP, IF2G, ADNP, P5CS, SAE2, ARI1, DX39B, CLIC1, SYVC, AP3B1, ILF3, USO1, HNRPC, BAZ1B, K1C16, SNUT1
Species: Mus musculus
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Lanzillotta C, Prestia F, Greco V, Iavarone F, Cordella F, Sette C, Forte E, Tramutola A, Lanzillotta S, Cassano T, Di Angelantonio S, Urbani A, Barone E, Perluigi M, Di Domenico F. Enhancing protein O-GlcNAcylation in down syndrome mice mitigates memory dysfunctions through the rescue of mitochondrial bioenergetics, stress responses and pathological markers. Redox biology 2025 85 40684658
Abstract:
Disturbances of the single sugar modification of proteins, O-GlcNAc, have been identified as a potential connection between disrupted brain metabolism and intellectual decay. In Alzheimer disease (AD), the reduced uptake of glucose in the brain results in aberrant O-GlcNAc cycling contributing to redox imbalance and neurodegeneration. Notably, alterations of O-GlcNAc homeostasis, associated with impaired O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT)/O-GlcNAcase (OGA) regulation, foster neuropathological mechanisms characterized by the presence of AD hallmarks in Down syndrome (DS) models. In the present study we examined the ability of Thiamet G (TMG), a well-known OGA inhibitor, in improving bio-energetic processes, inducing stress responses, reducing AD-related signatures and ameliorating cognition in a murine model of DS. Our data demonstrate that short-term intranasal administration of TMG restored OGA activity and normalized the global O-GlcNAc profile in mouse cortices. By a proteomic approach we identified protein components whose increased O-GlcNAc levels rescue, resulted to brain molecular and cognitive improvements. Remarkably, these included elements involved in energy production, neuronal architecture, antioxidant and stress response mechanisms. The ability of TMG in rescuing O-GlcNAc cycle and metabolic changes, associated with improved mitochondrial activity in cortical tissue, was further accompanied by changes in the O-GlcNAc/phospho ratio of APP and Tau. Functional improvements translated in enhanced recognition memory in Ts2Cje mice. Our study highlights the pivotal role of altered protein O-GlcNAcylation in DS neuropathology and establishes the molecular basis to envision the O-GlcNAc process as a promising therapeutic target to mitigate genetic- and metabolism-driven brain alterations linked to redox imbalance, mitochondrial failure and the development of AD features.
Species: Mus musculus
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Zhao J, Dong L, Huo T, Cheng J, Li X, Huangfu X, Sun S, Wang H, Li L. O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) Protects Cerebral Neurons from Death During Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) Injury by Modulating Drp1 in Mice. Neuromolecular medicine 2022 24(3) 34705256
Abstract:
Previous studies have demonstrated that increased O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) level could promote cell survival following environmental stresses. This study aimed to explore the role of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The mouse model with cerebral I/R injury was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). The expression of ogt in brain tissues was detected by qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining assay. Neurological deficit was evaluated using a modified scoring system. The infarct volume was assessed by TTC staining assay. Neuronal apoptosis in brain tissues was evaluated by TUNEL staining assay. The level of cleaved caspase-3 in brain tissues was detected by Western blot and IHC staining assay. The expression of critical proteins involved in mitochondrial fission, including OPA1, Mfn1, and Mfn2, as well as Mff and Drp1 was detected by Western blot and IHC, respectively. The expression of ogt during cerebral I/R injury was significantly upregulated. Ogt knockdown significantly increased neurological score and infarct volume in I/R-induced mice. Meanwhile, ogt knockdown significantly enhanced neuronal apoptosis and cleaved caspase-3 level in brain tissues of I/R-induced mice. In addition, ogt knockdown markedly decreased serine 637 phosphorylation level of mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and promoted Drp1 translocation from the cytosol to the mitochondria. Moreover, the specific Drp1 inhibitor mdivi-1 effectively attenuated ogt knockdown-induced brain injury of I/R-stimulated mice in vivo. Our study revealed that OGT protects against cerebral I/R injury by inhibiting the function of Drp1 in mice, suggesting that ogt may be a potential therapeutic target for cerebral I/R injury.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
DNM1L
Species: Mus musculus
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Akinbiyi EO, Abramowitz LK, Bauer BL, Stoll MSK, Hoppel CL, Hsiao CP, Hanover JA, Mears JA. Blocked O-GlcNAc cycling alters mitochondrial morphology, function, and mass. Scientific reports 2021 11(1) 34764359
Abstract:
O-GlcNAcylation is a prevalent form of glycosylation that regulates proteins within the cytosol, nucleus, and mitochondria. The O-GlcNAc modification can affect protein cellular localization, function, and signaling interactions. The specific impact of O-GlcNAcylation on mitochondrial morphology and function has been elusive. In this manuscript, the role of O-GlcNAcylation on mitochondrial fission, oxidative phosphorylation (Oxphos), and the activity of electron transport chain (ETC) complexes were evaluated. In a cellular environment with hyper O-GlcNAcylation due to the deletion of O-GlcNAcase (OGA), mitochondria showed a dramatic reduction in size and a corresponding increase in number and total mitochondrial mass. Because of the increased mitochondrial content, OGA knockout cells exhibited comparable coupled mitochondrial Oxphos and ATP levels when compared to WT cells. However, we observed reduced protein levels for complex I and II when comparing normalized mitochondrial content and reduced linked activity for complexes I and III when examining individual ETC complex activities. In assessing mitochondrial fission, we observed increased amounts of O-GlcNAcylated dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) in cells genetically null for OGA and in glioblastoma cells. Individual regions of Drp1 were evaluated for O-GlcNAc modifications, and we found that this post-translational modification (PTM) was not limited to the previously characterized residues in the variable domain (VD). Additional modification sites are predicted in the GTPase domain, which may influence enzyme activity. Collectively, these results highlight the impact of O-GlcNAcylation on mitochondrial dynamics and ETC function and mimic the changes that may occur during glucose toxicity from hyperglycemia.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
DNM1L, DNM1L, DNM1L
Lee BE, Kim HY, Kim HJ, Jeong H, Kim BG, Lee HE, Lee J, Kim HB, Lee SE, Yang YR, Yi EC, Hanover JA, Myung K, Suh PG, Kwon T, Kim JI. O-GlcNAcylation regulates dopamine neuron function, survival and degeneration in Parkinson disease. Brain : a journal of neurology 2020 143(12) 33300544
Abstract:
The dopamine system in the midbrain is essential for volitional movement, action selection, and reward-related learning. Despite its versatile roles, it contains only a small set of neurons in the brainstem. These dopamine neurons are especially susceptible to Parkinson's disease and prematurely degenerate in the course of disease progression, while the discovery of new therapeutic interventions has been disappointingly unsuccessful. Here, we show that O-GlcNAcylation, an essential post-translational modification in various types of cells, is critical for the physiological function and survival of dopamine neurons. Bidirectional modulation of O-GlcNAcylation importantly regulates dopamine neurons at the molecular, synaptic, cellular, and behavioural levels. Remarkably, genetic and pharmacological upregulation of O-GlcNAcylation mitigates neurodegeneration, synaptic impairments, and motor deficits in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. These findings provide insights into the functional importance of O-GlcNAcylation in the dopamine system, which may be utilized to protect dopamine neurons against Parkinson's disease pathology.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
BIG2, F1712, VIR, AJM1, RPGP1, UBR4, SCN1A, AGRIN, KALRN, STPG3, FXL16, TT23L, PTPRS, GRIK3, SCN2A, DLGP4, OSBL8, PTPRZ, PGBD5, GLSK, GCN1, CE350, PI4KA, RYR2, AGRF2, UBE4A, NRX2A, FRY, SYGP1, OTOGL, AT2B1, ANK3, CA2D1, DPYL2, STXB1, DCTN1, U5S1, GFRA2, GALT1, SEM4D, KIF3C, PLCA, PHB2, NCAM2, GRAK, PURB, IMA3, IMA7, PLD3, FOLH1, FKBP8, STX1A, PSDE, VIAAT, AP1B1, C1QBP, SYT3, HNRH1, SATT, CTND2, SDC4, AP3D1, RGS9, RGS7, CSK22, OX2G, AAKG1, CRYM, PROM1, CNTP1, ENTP2, BCKD, SNG1, NIPS1, NIPS2, SEPT7, AT2A2, PI51C, PI42A, ITB5, GPX4, NPTX2, GNAZ, WDR1, S4A4, MTX2, CNTFR, ZFR, CSN3, HCN2, HCN1, CTBP1, BSN, MPP3, NOE1, CBPD, LGMN, COR1A, CYB, COX1, COX2, COX3, HPRT, ATP6, THY1, H3C, LAMC1, NU1M, NU2M, NU4M, NU5M, ATP8, GFAP, MBP, PRIO, ALDOA, KAPCA, AATM, TBA1B, TBA3, KIT, LDHA, G6PI, MDR1B, ENPP1, HS90A, ENPL, KCC4, NFL, NFM, RASN, PGK2, ITB1, PPBT, NUCL, PGK1, ACE, LRC4B, UBB, UBC, EF1A1, IF4A2, GSTM1, 4F2, H10, LAMP1, HS90B, L1CAM, ITA5, KCC2A, ITB2, ITPR1, TCPA, PFKAL, CNTN1, NCAM1, AT1B1, C1QB, RS16, RL7, AT1B2, PSMD3, MAP1B, GLNA, CADH2, INSR, NTRK2, KCNC1, SPTB1, H12, KPCE, LDHB, CN37, DDX3L, KCNA1, KCNA3, AMPE, ASSY, SPTN1, G3P, LAMP2, ENOA, AP2A1, AP2A2, HXK1, GTR1, PTPRA, COF1, GNAO, FAS, LAMA1, NFH, COX41, BIP, HEXB, VIME, MTAP2, MAG, GNA11, GNAQ, MDR1A, ACES, GBRG2, AP1G1, GBRD, EIF3A, CXA1, GRIA1, GRIA2, TY3H, RS2, GBRA2, RL3, BRAF, KCC2B, NP1L1, NCKP1, SNAB, KIF3A, PABP1, GBB4, KCRU, GNA14, KAP3, SC6A1, S6A11, MP2K1, GTR3, LA, RASK, SYWC, KIF1A, HYES, RAB3D, RAB5C, RAB6A, RAB21, NMDZ1, ODPA, RET, FBRL, KCNJ2, CD81, GPM6A, GPM6B, GNL1, DYN1, DYN2, GRIK2, CAP1, ABCA2, PURA, HD, EAA2, H14, H15, H13, ITAV, SYT1, NSF, RB11B, AINX, MYO1B, NEDD4, ALDH2, GRM8, CAZA2, CAPZB, MP2K4, PFKAM, RL6, RL29, RL5, GLRB, DCE1, DCE2, CBR1, GSTM5, ADT1, INPP, CDK5, SAHH, GDIA, VATA, VATE1, GBRB1, RAB7A, ACADL, VA0D1, ADT2, EAA3, KCNJ4, KPYM, RAB2A, PRS6B, PTN5, NCAN, ABCD3, RAB8A, ATPK, ATP5E, UBP5, ATPB, CTBP2, EAA1, WFS1, FUS, NICA, ACTN4, ASM3B, EF2, OPA1, DOCK4, IRPL1, ARPC4, MYPR, PLPP, ACTB, MDGA2, NEUG, RAC3, IF4A1, MEGF8, RAB5B, RAB10, RAB8B, ARP2, ACTZ, CSN2, ARF3, ARL1, CAH10, RAP2B, STX1B, RAB6B, RL27, ARF4, GABT, 1433G, RS7, PP1A, RS8, SMD1, KCAB2, ABI2, RB11A, EF1A2, RS4X, PP2AB, RL18A, ACTA, AP2S1, RL23A, VISL1, H4, GBRA1, VATB2, RAB1A, RAB3C, RAN, RAP1A, RS24, GBB1, GBB2, RS3, RL8, RS27A, RL40, RAC1, RAB3A, HSP7C, CH60, VAMP2, NOE3, GBRB3, VATL, PP1G, 1433Z, GBRB2, KCNA2, KCAB1, CRNL1, DYL1, ACTG, ACTH, KPCG, PP2BA, PP2AA, PHB1, CSK2B, ACTC, RACK1, ACTS, KAPCB, TBA4A, TBA1A, TBB4B, KPCB, H31, IMB1, PLXA1, PLXA2, PLXA3, DCC, ITPR3, NCHL1, HNRH2, ELAV1, USP9X, IDHG1, LYAG, AT8A1, TCPH, TCPB, TCPD, TCPE, TCPZ, TCPG, TNIK, WNK1, RL36A, ARF1, ARF5, AP2M1, H32, H33, ADCY5, NPTN, RS3A, AT1B3, DPYL1, ZNT3, GRM1, SHPS1, NEO1, M4K4, C1QA, TBB5, PDE4D, PDE1B, NMDE2, SC23A, TERA, C1QC, CTNB1, PLAK, EPHA4, MARK3, ATPA, CHLE, KCND1, KCRB, NF1, CDK18, RAC2, MARK2, PGBM, PTPRG, PYC, KCMA1, PADI2, INF2, TRIO, MDGA1, CTP5A, ITB8, PSA, GRM2, PTCD3, PHAR1, LRFN1, SPP2B, HP1B3, NLRX1, PRC2C, TM38A, VGLU1, BIG3, PLXD1, AGAP2, AAK1, TEN4, CAMKV, DOP2, RMD3, SMU1, MCCB, GPD1L, LIGO2, SRBS2, CDKL5, K22O, VPS51, GRM5, CBAR2, SHAN3, UN13A, SE6L2, KCTD8, KCD16, LRC8B, VP13A, C2C4C, S2551, MRS2, DIRA2, CYFP2, TM1L2, RHG44, MYO1D, RABL6, DJC11, UIMC1, ICAM5, FLOT2, HNRPD, PTPRN, CSK21, KHDR1, IGF1R, CLD11, SPB6, ARHG2, VDAC2, VDAC3, VDAC1, ABCB7, ASTN1, P3C2A, CAC1E, LAMB2, CTNA2, SC6A3, CNTN2, PGCB, NEP, KCNA4, CD166, 5NTD, GSLG1, EWS, AP180, FSCN1, GDIB, GRIK5, GRID1, DDX5, ITIH3, IL1AP, CD47, KINH, KIF3B, LASP1, MYH10, MOG, NPM, PCBP2, CSPG2, DDX3Y, DLG4, RHOC, DAG1, DDX3X, SYPH, TICN1, NDUA4, NPTX1, NUP62, OMGP, HECAM, AOFA, ARP3B, SURF4, SYN2, CP3AD, H2B1H, GLPK, SDC3, GPDM, H2A2C, H2B2B, GRM7, GRM4, CLH1, K1549, GIT1, PKP4, PPR29, CNTN4, NLGN2, SV2C, THS7A, CE170, UBP7, BRNP2, SCMC3, LIGO3, DGKB, RPRD2, DPP10, S23IP, PPRC1, 2ABA, TNPO3, SIK3, U520, S39AA, TTYH3, XPO1, SPCS, KCRS, CSKI1, NRX3A, BCR, SARM1, PRRT3, TEFF1, RAB35, CA2D2, KCC2D, AT1A3, AT1A2, GNAS1, SDK2, WDFY3, NTRK3, RAD9B, DGLA, KCD12, MTMR5, UBE2O, CAND1, UBP34, RS9, 2ABB, H2B1C, TLN2, CSPG5, 2AAA, NP1L4, MTCH2, OPALI, CYFP1, TBB2A, HUWE1, IGS21, ROBO2, ACTN1, IGSF1, TR143, TPPP, OTUB1, KPBB, PP6R1, MAP6, ELP1, RRAGD, MRCKB, GABR2, CSMD3, EPT1, VAT1L, LRRC7, CAPS1, CYLD, AGRL1, AGRL3, CLAP1, AUXI, DAAM2, MADD, MFN2, NU214, UBE3C, PLXA4, FBX2, KCMF1, CBPM, GSTM7, AGFG2, LRC8A, HPLN4, VAC14, C2C2L, LRRT4, BDH, MK15, CNKR2, TENA, ASTN2, NEGR1, RAP2A, THEM6, SLIK5, SLIK4, SLIK3, SLIK2, NFASC, NRCAM, RHG32, SRGP3, EFTU, VGLU3, ERLN2, SV2B, MIRO1, EFR3A, LRRT2, U2AF4, ENPP6, SYAC, FLRT3, CBLN2, LRTM2, HPCL4, COR2B, S2512, ATLA1, NU107, RB39B, RB39A, ZN526, ANS1B, DLGP2, AHSA1, IPO5, NCEH1, LSAMP, CADM2, NOE2, ODP2, RBGPR, ECHA, SPA2L, SYNC, RL24, DAAM1, DMXL2, RLGPB, CLAP2, VMAT2, ARF2, NDRG4, ENPP4, HSDL1, RAP2C, GEPH, VATH, PMGT2, TTC12, AOFB, LRFN5, PIGT, CTL2, TENR, NLGN3, LRRT3, DYN3, LRC4C, ARHGA, SYFA, SI1L1, LCAP, EXOG, CERS6, SEP11, IKZF4, GP158, CWC22, VPS52, SCAI, ANK2, PDE10, PGM2L, SHFL, MIC60, WDR37, ABI1, SYNPO, T132C, GLT13, NED4L, RPB2, TCRG1, GNAL, H2B1K, H2B1P, H2A1F, H2A1H, H2A1K, OGT1, SYNJ1, SEPT8, MBOA7, PGP, NGEF, PYGB, COPA, MARK4, DOCK3, PLXB1, TXTP, AGRL2, TRHDE, R4RL1, RTN1, HS12A, K319L, DNM1L, AGRG1, PACS1, ABCF3, SDHA, HACD3, AGFG1, PAF1, IPO11, CCM2, MATR3, ATAT, LRRT1, LGI3, RPTOR, COL12, NAC2, THIL, EIF3L, MARE2, HNRPL, K0513, IQEC1, CACB4, SCPDL, BPHL, SNG3, EIF3C, H2AJ, DC1L1, S35A3, AP3M2, MUC18, UBQL1, PSPC1, NUP58, IGSF8, EXOC1, CACB1, CADM4, NUP85, SNP47, ACTY, WASF1, AMPB, MICU1, PSMD2, AT1A1, CDIPT, GD1L1, CC50A, HNRPU, REM2, S25A3, MARK1, CSPG4, SORC3, IPO4, SFPQ, BACH, S12A5, RAB14, SFXN3, ACLY, NDUS1, ITM2C, RMXL1, MIC25, ATPG, DDX1, MLP3A, UBAP2, ACSL6, NDUS2, ERLN1, DLG2, PI42C, IPO9, NDUV1, GRHPR, SRGP2, SRGP1, RAB4B, LRP1, WDR7, BRNP1, SYDC, TBB6, PDK3, TSN2, PDE2A, RPAB3, CSMD1, KCC2G, 2ABD, ATAD3, SFXN5, MYO5A, G37L1, RAP1B, SFXN1, NLGN1, NONO, RRAGC, TIP, MLF2, GAK, CDS2, NDUAA, ETFA, TNPO2, PTPRT, DNJA3, T121B, SF3B1, RIMS1, CNTP4, NTRI, PRP8, COX6C, MGST3, CNTP2, 6PGL, QCR8, NDUB4, RAB5A, GLRX3, AT5F1, S2546, MLP3B, 1433B, RL14, M2OM, UCRI, MIC19, PRPS2, NRX1A, MICU3, ARPC2, TBB2B, ROA0, CENPV, RL11, ILF2, TECR, RN181, BIEA, QCR1, OLA1, RL15, AL1B1, TOM70, MPC2, ODPB, MMS19, MGRN1, HNRPM, SCOT1, DYL2, RM28, RAB1B, LIGO1, RUFY3, MEII1, ATAD1, CUL5, GBRA4, TBB4A, GHC1, IDH3A, PRPS1, U2AF1, RL4, PSD12, SNAA, ATPO, BTBDH, QCR2, ALG2, AP2B1, RPN2, SUSD2, NDUA9, NDUS7, 6PGD, EIF3F, NDUS3, RAB13, XPO7, IPO7, NBEA, SORC2, VPS35, RPGF4, TBB3, XPO2, RTN3, LRBA, SPN90, TRIM2, DYHC1, LRP1B, LGI1, PRAF2, SV2A, SCAM5, NECT1, HYOU1, EXTL1, SORC1, DCLK1, MTOR, MINK1, ZN207, AP3B2, RHOA, HPLN1, FAK2, NAGAB, COPG2, KI21A, SHRM3, PLEC, DREB, S2513, EHD3, PLXB3, ADDA, DNJA2, GRM3, PCLO, SIA7A, ARP10, DCTN5, PLXC1, COPG1, GPC1, UBQL2, FBX6, SRR, AT2B2, CELR2, DEST, ARC1A, KAD1, GBRG1, GUAD, CBLN1, DGKE, VAS1, ADA22, ADA23, PEPL, CAD13, TEN1, TEN2, CUL1, ATRN, GLPK2, PDC6I, PFKAP, PYGM, SUCA, RBMX, GABR1, GSK3B, FPRP, E41L3, BUB3, CARM1, PSD13, CP46A, APC7, NCDN, ITB6, KCND2, NU160, HNRDL, SAE2, VATC1, VPP1, ARI1, CA2D3, SEPT3, AP3B1, STK39, DPP6, E41L1, SUCB1, SEPT5, GRIA4, GRIA3, HOME1
Species: Mus musculus
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Zaro BW, Batt AR, Chuh KN, Navarro MX, Pratt MR. The Small Molecule 2-Azido-2-deoxy-glucose Is a Metabolic Chemical Reporter of O-GlcNAc Modifications in Mammalian Cells, Revealing an Unexpected Promiscuity of O-GlcNAc Transferase. ACS chemical biology 2017 12(3) 28135057
Abstract:
Glycans can be directly labeled using unnatural monosaccharide analogs, termed metabolic chemical reporters (MCRs). These compounds enable the secondary visualization and identification of glycoproteins by taking advantage of bioorthogonal reactions. Most widely used MCRs have azides or alkynes at the 2-N-acetyl position but are not selective for one class of glycoprotein over others. To address this limitation, we are exploring additional MCRs that have bioorthogonal functionality at other positions. Here, we report the characterization of 2-azido-2-deoxy-glucose (2AzGlc). We find that 2AzGlc selectively labels intracellular O-GlcNAc modifications, which further supports a somewhat unexpected, structural flexibility in this pathway. In contrast to the endogenous modification N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc), we find that 2AzGlc is not dynamically removed from protein substrates and that treatment with higher concentrations of per-acetylated 2AzGlc is toxic to cells. Finally, we demonstrate that this toxicity is an inherent property of the small-molecule, as removal of the 6-acetyl-group renders the corresponding reporter nontoxic but still results in protein labeling.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
A2A5R8, A2A6U3, A2AF81, A2AG39, A2AIW9, A2AJ72, A2AJI1, A2AKV2, A2AL12, A2AMW0, A2AUR3, LAS1L, TRM1L, A5A4Y9, A6PWC3, B0QZF8, B1AU76, UPP, B7ZC19, B7ZP47, B8JJC1, D3YWF6, D3YWK1, D3YWS3, D3YYP4, E9PX53, E9Q066, I2BP2, E9Q4Q2, E9Q5L7, E9Q7W0, E9QP59, F8WGW3, G3UX26, G3UYZ0, G3UZ44, G3X972, H3BKW0, H7BWX9, GTPB1, AIP, ATOX1, HDAC1, GSH0, DHX15, IKBE, AKAP2, SLK, IMPCT, IF6, ACOT1, NMT1, DHB12, SRPK1, ZN326, KLC1, RPP30, IDHC, CASP8, GCR, TYSY, RIR1, S10AA, LEG1, G3P, TPIS, PRDX3, CBX3, TISD, CATA, IMDH2, NFKB1, MAP4, CEBPB, CDK4, FKBP4, HMGB2, KAP3, MP2K1, RANG, PTN11, FBRL, PTN12, FMR1, HMGCL, DYN1, CAP1, STAT1, STAT3, PURA, ALD2, SIPA1, PURA2, GSHR, FOSL2, FOSL1, GSTM5, PCY1A, VATA, HDGF, UBP10, RHOX5, HMGA2, CCHL, NUB1, FAF1, ZNRD2, TB182, PCBP1, ARL1, PFD3, TCTP, HMGB1, DYL1, UB2L3, HDAC2, ELAV1, 4EBP2, PYRG1, TCPB, SPTC2, PSME2, BOP1, WBP2, XDH, HMMR, E2AK2, CO6A1, FABP5, LARP7, CNN2, PP4R2, RM10, Q3TFP0, GUAA, FUBP2, TRADD, CTU2, Q3U4W8, SNX27, BABA1, EDC4, COBL1, SKAP2, ARH40, CSTOS, LRRF1, ZMAT1, Q45VK5, JIP4, MDC1, Q5SUW3, SRC8, SAMH1, KHDR1, SPB6, CAPR1, PAPS1, TS101, PA1B2, FNTA, IGBP1, FSCN1, FXR1, CBX5, RAI1, MELK, FOXC2, DBNL, CYTB, NDRG1, RALY, GPDM, RAB3I, F120A, NOP58, Q6DFZ1, TPM4, Q6NXL1, Q6NZD2, TNPO3, SMHD1, UGGG1, UBXN7, TXLNA, DC1L2, KI18B, JUPI2, LARP1, CAND2, ACAP2, HNRPQ, SPAG7, ATX2L, MAP6, ELP1, PJA2, PGRC2, KCMF1, Q80VB6, FA98B, WDTC1, CPPED, LPP, PEF1, IF4B, ATG4B, FTO, Q8BH80, PRUN1, AHSA1, RCC2, NCEH1, LSS, FBLN3, PPR18, SRRM2, MSRB3, PPME1, RL1D1, TBCD4, NHLC2, MAP1S, TLK1, CND2, RAE1L, SEP10, ZFP57, UBA6, UBA3, STON1, PPM1F, GNL3, PUR1, HMCS1, Q8K0C7, PDXK, ANGE2, LRC41, SDE2, DNM1L, ANLN, MATR3, CBR3, MEPCE, ERF3A, DC1L1, SPART, TDIF2, HEXI1, SNP47, UBP15, MAVS, UBXN4, ACSF2, MICU1, ZNG1, BACH, ISOC1, IPYR2, CSDE1, PIP30, GCSH, Q91X76, DUS3L, BAG2, KCC1A, TTC1, HNRLL, RIN1, PP6R3, MARC2, DBR1, ATAD3, PSIP1, NXF1, NONO, PLST, RRAGC, VMA5A, TARA, DDAH2, TADA1, GRPE1, ABD12, NU155, OGFR, NPM3, GLOD4, COPRS, DPOE4, MIEN1, TRAP1, VATG1, CHSP1, OCAD1, RANB3, MFR1L, NDUF7, TBC15, PPIL4, MPPB, CYBP, ZCHC8, CD37L, MMS19, ARPIN, HNRPM, NXP20, SPF27, TOE1, Q9D4G5, ATAD1, CF226, IPYR, ORN, CNN3, KAP0, PLIN3, AKAP8, EIF3F, IFG15, LIMA1, NEK7, RTN3, STK3, NUP50, SYSM, HSPB8, BAG3, CUL3, RABX5, CAF1A, DREB, TOM40, DNJC7, NFU1, FBX6, NUBP1, DEST, TEBP, ACOT9, NFKB2, KAD2, SKP1, PDC6I, VAPA, CARM1, RAD9A, IF2G, SAE2, TRIP6, MBD2, HNRPF
Species: Mus musculus
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Chuh KN, Batt AR, Zaro BW, Darabedian N, Marotta NP, Brennan CK, Amirhekmat A, Pratt MR. The New Chemical Reporter 6-Alkynyl-6-deoxy-GlcNAc Reveals O-GlcNAc Modification of the Apoptotic Caspases That Can Block the Cleavage/Activation of Caspase-8. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2017 139(23) 28528544
Abstract:
O-GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is required for survival in mammalian cells. Genetic and biochemical experiments have found that increased modification inhibits apoptosis in tissues and cell culture and that lowering O-GlcNAcylation induces cell death. However, the molecular mechanisms by which O-GlcNAcylation might inhibit apoptosis are still being elucidated. Here, we first synthesize a new metabolic chemical reporter, 6-Alkynyl-6-deoxy-GlcNAc (6AlkGlcNAc), for the identification of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins. Subsequent characterization of 6AlkGlcNAc shows that this probe is selectively incorporated into O-GlcNAcylated proteins over cell-surface glycoproteins. Using this probe, we discover that the apoptotic caspases are O-GlcNAcylated, which we confirmed using other techniques, raising the possibility that the modification affects their biochemistry. We then demonstrate that changes in the global levels of O-GlcNAcylation result in a converse change in the kinetics of caspase-8 activation during apoptosis. Finally, we show that caspase-8 is modified at residues that can block its cleavage/activation. Our results provide the first evidence that the caspases may be directly affected by O-GlcNAcylation as a potential antiapoptotic mechanism.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
A2A4A6, A2A5R8, GPTC8, SPD2B, A2ACG7, A2AFQ9, A2AFW6, A2AG46, CKAP5, A2AH75, A2AJ72, MA7D1, A2AL12, A2AMW0, A2AMY5, TPX2, PPIG, LAS1L, A5A4Y9, A6PWC3, A6PWK7, UBP36, B1AT03, B1AT82, B1AU75, B2RQG2, OTUD4, B7ZCP4, B7ZP47, D3YUW8, D3YWF6, D3YWK1, D3YX62, SAFB1, D3YXM7, D3YZ06, D3YZP6, D3Z069, D3Z158, D3Z3F8, D3Z6W2, E0CYM1, E9PUH7, E9PVM7, E9PWG6, E9PWV3, E9PWW9, E9PY48, E9PYT3, E9PZM7, E9Q066, E9Q2X6, NU153, E9Q450, E9Q4K7, E9Q4Q2, KIF23, BD1L1, NUMA1, E9Q7M2, E9Q986, E9Q9E1, E9Q9H2, E9QKG3, E9QKG6, E9QKZ2, E9QLA5, E9QP49, E9QP59, E9QPI5, F2Z3X7, F6S5I0, F7AA26, F7BQE4, FARP1, F8VQ93, F8VQC7, F8VQE9, F8VQK5, F8WI30, G3UZ44, G3UZX6, G3X8R0, G3X8Y3, G3X928, G3X963, G3X972, G3X9V0, G5E896, G5E8E1, H3BJU7, H3BK31, H3BKK2, H7BX26, I1E4X0, I7HIK9, J3QNW0, DPYL2, GTPB1, AKAP1, TCOF, AIP, HDAC1, RL21, GSH0, KIF1C, DHX15, SC6A6, IF6, ILK, ATX2, NMT1, E41L2, DHB12, SRPK1, ZN326, ZFR, PARG, SPD2A, SP1, CASP8, HPRT, LDHA, G6PI, TYSY, RIR1, GNAI2, ITB1, 4F2, H2B1F, MAP1B, HMOX1, LEG1, G3P, KS6A3, COF1, GNAO, IFRD1, VIME, UBL4A, CBX3, CXA1, CATA, IMDH2, IL1RA, MCM3, CDK4, NKTR, FKBP4, CBX2, HMGB2, AIMP1, KAP3, MP2K1, SYWC, KIF4, NEDD1, DPOLA, RANG, UBP4, PTN11, RAB18, PTN1, PTN12, LDLR, DNLI1, CAP1, STAT3, STA5B, PURA, ALD2, RAGP1, NEDD4, STT3A, ALDH2, GSHR, GFPT1, PCY1A, MCM4, ICAL, PLCB3, CDN2A, HDGF, UBP10, KPYM, CCHL, IDHP, DDX6, GOGA3, COX17, ACTN4, GCP3, TB182, EIF3E, ABCE1, PFD3, 1433E, RAP1A, RS25, TCTP, DNJA1, HMGB1, IF5A1, RS17, RS12, UB2L3, HXD13, HDAC2, ELAV1, TP53B, CASP3, PYRG1, TCPB, STIM2, SRSF3, CSRP2, SPTC2, BOP1, SMAD4, M4K4, HNRL2, MARK3, LARP7, CNN2, PP4R2, PEPD, CDCA2, Q3TFP0, GUAA, PDE12, Q3TL72, PRC2C, NOL9, FUBP2, TRADD, CTU2, ZN865, Q3U4W8, Q3UG37, NAT9, NOL8, Q3UJQ9, SC31A, NCBP1, LRRF1, DDX17, LRC47, JIP4, EHMT1, CA050, AAPK1, NSRP1, Q5RL57, Q5SQB0, TENS3, PUR4, Q5UE59, SRC8, SAMH1, KHDR1, GRB10, HELLS, SPB6, RIPK1, CAPR1, ASNS, LAP2A, CDC37, TS101, SNTB2, FNTA, BAP31, PLPP1, FSCN1, FXR1, DDX5, ATRX, DDX3Y, DDX3X, TGFI1, DBNL, SH3G1, CYTB, SMAD2, NDRG1, ZYX, SQSTM, TPP2, ZN512, LAR4B, F120A, CNDG2, NOP58, LTV1, Q6NV52, Q6NXL1, Q6NZD2, ANKL2, Q6P5B5, XPO1, KIF15, FHOD1, TXLNA, PTN23, JUPI2, NUDC1, TACC1, UBE2O, LARP1, ACAP2, 2AAA, MTCH2, ZN503, CYFP1, HNRPQ, SPAG7, DEK, ACTN1, ATX2L, CKP2L, ZN516, ERBIN, SEPT9, PGRC2, Q80VB6, PI42B, ZN598, SAFB2, Q80ZX0, DLG1, LPP, PEF1, IF4B, FTO, TIPRL, Q8BH80, MISSL, ERC6L, CARF, PRUN1, NUP93, FBX30, HBAP1, AHSA1, RCC2, IPO5, SYLC, CKAP4, MAP11, PALM2, CPNE3, SENP7, CSN7B, NSD2, DPP9, Q8BWW3, KANK2, PXK, PIGT, ITPK1, NHLC2, MAP1S, GWL, PKHH2, CND2, THOP1, SEP11, SKA3, CA198, SEP10, AROS, UBA6, LIPB1, SMAG1, Q8CCM0, ZN276, NAA30, SNX8, SYEP, OGT1, GNL3, PDLI5, FERM2, AGO2, HMCS1, AMERL, SCNM1, DNM1L, NEK9, ANLN, EDC3, MATR3, CHAP1, MEPCE, ERF3A, CC137, TDIF2, VPS18, RFC3, MCMBP, HEXI1, LUZP1, SNP47, TMX1, MAVS, UBXN4, Q8VCQ8, ACSF2, PARN, VIGLN, PSMD2, NAA40, F1142, ZNG1, PAXI, SFPQ, CPIN1, RAB14, IPYR2, PUS7, CSDE1, PIP30, RABE2, CISD1, Q91X76, DUS3L, KCC1A, TTC1, SRGP2, SNX18, RISC, HNRLL, Q921K2, PP6R3, LRC59, UBXN1, DBR1, KCC2G, Q924B0, WAC, SMC6, PAWR, SIAS, STML2, PSIP1, NXF1, PDXD1, NONO, PLST, RRAGC, VMA5A, MAOM, DCTN2, ZN281, CT2NL, GRPE1, ABD12, NU155, OGFR, NPM3, NOP16, GLOD4, DUT, MTAP, IFM3, CYB5B, PAF15, PSMD9, WIPI3, SKA2, VATG1, CHSP1, LRC40, RANB3, SMC1A, MFR1L, ARHGP, DDX47, TBC15, PPIL4, MPPB, CYBP, TECR, SERB1, ZCHC8, SPCS2, Q9CZP3, CD37L, SSBP3, MMS19, MGRN1, ARPIN, HNRPM, SYRC, MCES, Q9D4G5, ATAD1, F162A, TRIR, IPYR, PHF10, ARFG3, ORN, BOLA1, CNN3, KAP0, PLIN3, AKAP8, XRN2, GNAI3, PUR6, RAI14, SENP3, ARFG1, SIL1, VPS35, DGCR8, SYCC, ELP4, LIMA1, XPO2, RBP2, RTN3, PALLD, TMOD3, STK3, COPB, NUP50, DDX21, SH3L1, DDX20, MBNL1, BAG3, GKAP1, ZN207, TRXR1, PPCE, CAF1A, LIMD1, NDRG3, DNJC7, NFU1, COPG1, NUBP1, SMAP, DEST, ACOT9, PR40A, FOXO1, FIZ1, NFKB2, KAD2, AKA12, PRKRA, PDC6I, CHIP, COR1C, VAPA, NDKM, E41L3, TAGL2, CARM1, MTNB, BCL10, IF2G, P5CS, COG1, MD2L1, EIF3G, SAE2, ILF3, TRIP6, USO1, BAZ1B, HNRPF, KEAP1
Species: Mus musculus
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Trinidad JC, Barkan DT, Gulledge BF, Thalhammer A, Sali A, Schoepfer R, Burlingame AL. Global identification and characterization of both O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation at the murine synapse. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 2012 11(8) 22645316
Abstract:
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a dynamic, reversible monosaccharide modifier of serine and threonine residues on intracellular protein domains. Crosstalk between O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation has been hypothesized. Here, we identified over 1750 and 16,500 sites of O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation from murine synaptosomes, respectively. In total, 135 (7%) of all O-GlcNAcylation sites were also found to be sites of phosphorylation. Although many proteins were extensively phosphorylated and minimally O-GlcNAcylated, proteins found to be extensively O-GlcNAcylated were almost always phosphorylated to a similar or greater extent, indicating the O-GlcNAcylation system is specifically targeting a subset of the proteome that is also phosphorylated. Both PTMs usually occur on disordered regions of protein structure, within which, the location of O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation is virtually random with respect to each other, suggesting that negative crosstalk at the structural level is not a common phenomenon. As a class, protein kinases are found to be more extensively O-GlcNAcylated than proteins in general, indicating the potential for crosstalk of phosphorylation with O-GlcNAcylation via regulation of enzymatic activity.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
A0JNY3, A2A653, A2A654, TANC2, ZEP3, MA7D2, CKAP5, CAMP1, LZTS3, A2AJ19, AJM1, MA7D1, A2ALK6, RPGP1, UBR4, A2AP92, SKT, ANR63, A2ATK9, A2AUD5, A2BI30, A6H6J9, A6MDD2, A8DUV1, B1AQX6, B1AR09, GRIK3, B1ATI9, B1AWT3, NHSL2, FRS1L, UBP24, DLGP4, B2RQ57, B2RQ80, PYR1, B2RQL0, B2RQQ5, GNAI1, B2RUE8, OTU7B, B2RWX1, B6ZHC4, B6ZHC5, B7ZCA7, B7ZMP8, B7ZNA4, B7ZNF6, B7ZWM6, B9EHE8, CTTB2, B9EKL9, PTPRZ, D1FNM8, D3YU59, D3YWX2, DGKH, D3YXR8, PGBD5, SHAN1, D3Z0V7, D3Z2J5, D9HP81, E0CYT1, E9PUA3, E9PUC4, DGKD, E9PUR0, E9PV14, E9PV26, KI67, E9PWL1, E9PWM3, E9PY55, E9PZP8, E9Q1M1, E9Q2B2, E9Q3D6, NU153, E9Q3M9, E9Q4N6, E9Q616, E9Q6T8, E9Q6Y8, NUMA1, E9Q828, E9Q9I2, E9Q9J6, E9QA16, E9QAP7, E9QAR5, SC16A, E9QJU8, E9QMJ1, SYGP1, RFIP2, HXK2, CAN2, SC22B, DPYL2, STXB1, TCOF, DCTN1, GLU2B, EF2K, PRDX4, AIP, NUMBL, GSTO1, GSH0, M3K5, PSMD4, DHX15, NPC1, BMPR2, VIAAT, BCAT2, CTND2, PITM1, CSK22, REPS1, ACK1, SLK, CAC1B, PGRC1, IMPA1, SYUA, AKA7A, STRN, RL35A, AT2A2, PGAM2, ATX2, NMT1, E41L2, GPX4, EMC8, DHB12, HCN4, KDM6A, ZN326, SORL, GRPE2, KLC1, ZFR, O88568, HCN2, HCN1, BSN, TOM1, RPP30, DNJB5, COX1, HA1D, HBA, K2C1, MBP, ALDOA, PGFRB, LDHA, G6PI, ENPP1, NEUM, ANXA2, RIR1, HS90A, EGR1, MDHM, KCC4, NFL, NFM, GNAI2, PDIA1, NUCL, CADH1, RC3H2, LRC4B, IGS11, DERPC, UBB, IFI5B, IFI4, ANXA1, EF1A1, H2B1F, PARP1, HS90B, DMD, KCC2A, TCPA, A4, COX5A, GELS, UMPS, NCAM1, GPDA, MDHC, SRP54, RLA0, GLNA, H12, LEG1, DDX3L, SPTN1, AP2A2, TPIS, KS6A3, COF1, GNAO, NFH, SERPH, VIME, MTAP2, EIF3A, CBX3, IMDH2, MCM3, CTNA1, MAP4, GNA12, GNA13, PDIA3, PSB8, NCKP1, PABP1, FKBP4, HMGB2, AIMP1, LA, ACM4, SYWC, RANG, RAB5C, RAB18, CALX, PRDX1, RL12, PPM1B, DNLI1, CAP1, STAT3, PURA, OPRM, TCPQ, CX6A1, MSH2, H14, H11, ALDR, ALD2, CBP, AINX, NEDD4, RP3A, CAPZB, SRPRB, RL36, SOX2, HS74L, ADT1, ROA1, INPP, PCY1A, MCM4, CSRP3, RAB7A, CDN2A, HDGF, ADT2, IMA1, UBP10, KPYM, RIDA, HMGA2, RL10A, CCHL, SOX1, RAB2A, ATX1, CACB3, HMCS2, GOGA3, ATPK, ATPB, ACTN4, IDI1, ACOT8, PTPA, KCNN2, KCNN3, TB10A, TB182, SF3B6, MRTFB, DOCK4, MYPR, EIF3E, PCBP1, LIPA3, ACTB, IF4A1, SNP25, RAB10, CSN2, RRAS2, PRS8, RS15A, 1433E, RS18, RS11, SMD1, ABI2, EF1A2, ACTA, VATB2, RL23, RS24, GBB1, HSP7C, TCTP, GNAS2, 1433Z, HMGB1, IF5A1, ACTG, RS17, RS12, UB2L3, RACK1, ACTS, TBA4A, TBA1A, TBB4B, PLXA2, DCC, EBP, NFIX, EM55, HNRH2, NCOA1, ELAV1, RGRF2, USP9X, TCPB, TCPE, TCPZ, NUCB2, IRS2, WNK1, RL36A, CSRP1, SEPR, RS3A, DPYL1, MPRIP, CAC1A, ATP5J, BOP1, RS5, WBP2, CXAR, PLPL9, G3BP1, RBBP6, CDS1, TBB5, IL6RB, NMDE2, NMDE3, TOP2A, NOTC1, NDKB, AQP1, UBA1, CTNB1, S30BP, NUCB1, MARK3, APLP1, ENAH, ATPA, TF65, YES, MARK2, PGBM, PYC, CAPR2, EMAL1, LARP7, BAX, CNN2, LYAR, CHD8, CNNM1, INF2, TT21B, Q0IJ77, TRIO, VGF, TANC1, CDK12, Q14B66, MA6D1, NSUN2, MCM9, PHAR1, PSD3, Q2Q7P0, FILA2, Q3TAD4, NB5R4, GUAA, METK2, PRC2C, Q3TRG3, PLPL6, K22E, YETS2, Q3TY93, FUBP2, F117B, Q3U882, LBR, TM109, FOXK2, Q3UFK1, Q3UGZ4, TNR6C, DAB2P, ZEP2, AAK1, Q3UHT7, DTX3L, EDC4, PARP3, WASC4, GRIN1, Q3UQ23, SRBS2, THSD4, MRCKA, SPRY3, KSR2, GRM5, TBCD9, LRRF1, ARMX5, STOX2, SHAN3, UBN1, OXR1, DDX17, PHAR4, ANR28, ZN608, Q571B7, PRAG1, TAB3, Q58DZ3, IQEC2, Q5DU62, AAPK1, NUFP2, UNKL, SMG7, RBM27, CYFP2, TM1L2, PSME4, ANR40, Q5SUH6, GGNB2, SYNRG, Q5SVJ0, RPGP2, TBC9B, ACACA, Q5SXC4, Q5XJV5, LMTK3, RN123, ZDHC8, SRC8, MYL6, SKI, SAMH1, IRGM1, CLD11, NPT2A, SPB6, VDAC2, VDAC3, VDAC1, STYX, RBBP4, ASNS, NCOA2, LAP2A, PPM1G, ASTN1, PRDX2, HCFC1, APC, KCNA4, AP180, FXR1, GDIB, GRID2, GRID1, CBX5, SERA, LASP1, NPM, PCBP2, M3K7, SRBS1, DBNL, SH3G1, CYTB, IF4G2, MINT, ZYX, RALY, TFE3, Q640L6, AR13B, HECAM, NPDC1, SYN2, TBR1, ISG15, ABCG1, ATP4A, MRC2, G3PT, PTN13, TPP2, CTNA3, SBNO1, BEGIN, K1549, GIT1, SLAI1, PKP4, PEAK1, CDK13, SH3R1, MYOF, ABLM3, ARMX2, CE170, LAR4B, NOP58, Q6GR78, TPM4, NIPBL, RRP5, FBX41, Q6NVA3, RPRD2, WWC2, ZN532, Q6NXW0, S23IP, SMHD1, NEST, CSKI1, Q6P9N8, MTSS2, AHDC1, PTN23, TRAK1, SRSF1, CHD4, DLGP3, NUP98, NYAP1, KCC2D, AT1A3, AT1A2, NFRKB, RIGI, MAGI1, WDFY3, TACC1, GGYF2, PF21A, KDM3B, CNOT1, LARP1, Q6ZQB7, NU188, Q6ZQJ9, Q6ZQK4, RS9, RL10, IF2A, SC6A5, SEM6D, 2AAA, EEIG1, MTCH2, MRO2B, SCN4B, PLPR4, HNRPQ, TBB2A, SMAP2, Q7TNS5, PLPR3, MBB1A, LNP, TPPP, ATX2L, OTUB1, EXOS3, MAP6, ELP1, SI1L2, LRRC7, ERBIN, PHF24, R3HD2, NAV3, AGRL3, Q80TS6, AUXI, MADD, AVL9, PUM1, UBP8, NU214, SEPT9, NAA15, CAMP3, FA98B, TDRKH, EPN1, TMCC2, AGFG2, Q80X68, C2C2L, FLNB, LRRT4, WNK3, PRIC2, CNKR2, ZN598, SHAN2, AGRB3, Q80ZX0, ZFYV1, MAST4, RHG32, ENTP3, LPP, PEF1, ACTBL, TET3, MYPT2, IF4B, SYAC, F168A, TBL1R, TB10B, CSTP1, CARF, TGO1, FRM4A, SYIM, ANS1B, DLGP2, ZNT6, RCC2, ABLM2, LSS, UNC80, NOE2, CF015, ODP2, GGA3, SYLC, DMXL2, IMP2L, CLAP2, LIPA2, ASPH, CNOT4, FLNA, F163B, GEPH, CREST, KCC1D, PGES2, KANK2, GEMI5, IFFO1, OSBL6, YTHD3, TM266, POGZ, LACC1, MAP1S, A16L1, SI1L1, PP4R4, MYO9A, THOP1, RBM14, Q8C2R1, CNOT2, Q8C6E9, CC134, ANK2, ELFN1, DIDO1, NHSL1, WDR37, DCTN4, SYNPO, BCAS3, VCIP1, Q8CE98, TAB1, SCYL2, NED4L, SYEP, F193A, GNAL, OGT1, NAV1, SYNJ1, RPGF2, EP400, PHC3, P66A, TBCE, VWF, STAU2, LIN7A, TBC23, ZBT20, RTN1, HS12A, DNM1L, UNC5B, UNC5A, ANLN, AGFG1, MATR3, Q8K314, AHI1, NDUS8, I2BPL, PREP, ABLM1, EIF3L, ERF3A, HNRPL, IQEC1, DOCK7, DC1L1, SPART, BST2, RFIP5, AT2A1, NUP35, LUZP1, MAVS, MYH9, PARN, AT1A1, SIR2, SNRK, ZDHC5, CC50A, AMOT, AGAP3, MARK1, Q8VHM5, FLNC, SFPQ, CPIN1, WDR13, BACH, S12A5, RAB14, ACLY, MIC25, ATPG, DDX1, SH3L3, UBAP2, NCOA5, CSDE1, FRS3, ZFN2B, DLG2, PTBP2, SRGP1, TMLH, DYST, SYUB, ELOV6, ALS2, TADBP, TBB6, CLIP1, LRC59, K2C5, UBXN1, SIR1, SPRE1, PAWR, MED1, MEP50, STML2, UBP11, NONO, RRAGC, VMA5A, MAOM, DCTN2, NEUA, DDAH2, DNJA3, TRXR3, RB6I2, SRRT, DSRAD, Q99NC2, RIMS1, ANR17, NU155, NTRI, RRBP1, ZN318, TRI33, ATP5L, RL17, GLOD4, DUT, SDHB, GLRX3, IFM3, NECP1, OCAD1, RRP44, TBB2B, DDAH1, YIF1B, ROA0, NIP7, MPPB, CYBP, RL11, TECR, CHTOP, SERB1, QCR1, NNRD, GARS, TOM70, RS19, SYRC, CNDP2, TMEDA, ODO2, DLGP1, TBB4A, IDH3A, IPYR, RL37, FIP1, TIM50, EF1G, RM17, GSDMD, DDA1, F135B, TM263, CNN3, PLIN3, PGAM1, XRN2, MYPT1, DJC10, KC1D, GNAI3, PUR6, S38A3, NDUBA, CRIP2, TSC1, RAI14, NBEA, TCF20, SORC2, DPYL5, TBB3, RBP2, ARHG7, RTN3, SPN90, RBCC1, PSMG2, DDX24, CLD12, PALLD, ELF2, TMOD3, NUDT3, COPB, NUP50, DDX21, TULP4, FLII, RPF2, CCG3, TBA8, IQGA1, NECT1, ADRM1, FMN2, PALS1, DCLK1, BAG3, CUL3, MINK1, REEP6, TRXR1, SYGP1, SON, APBB1, DREB, SPY2, MACF1, ULK2, ZBP1, TOM40, ADDA, GOGA5, DNJB1, MAP1A, PCLO, GAB1, RIPK3, NPAS3, SH2D3, NUBP2, ZEB2, SYT7, DEST, TEBP, SRS10, RPGR, PR40A, KHDR3, TPSN, CDYL, KAD2, TEN1, PDC6I, CHIP, IF4H, COR1B, COR1C, TNIP1, GANP, ARC, MPP2, SHAN1, VAPA, GSK3B, DEMA, E41L3, JIP1, GBP2, CAD20, P5CS, LAT1, DYR1B, MD2L1, SAE2, APCL, SYVC, MTMR1, MECP2, E41L1, SUCB1, HDAC6, GRIA4, HOME1, OSB10
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