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Xu S, Zheng J, Xiao H, Wu R. Simultaneously Identifying and Distinguishing Glycoproteins with O-GlcNAc and O-GalNAc (the Tn Antigen) in Human Cancer Cells. Analytical chemistry 2022 94(7) 35132862
Abstract:
Glycoproteins with diverse glycans are essential to human cells, and subtle differences in glycan structures may result in entirely different functions. One typical example is proteins modified with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) and O-linked α-N-acetylgalactosamine (O-GalNAc) (the Tn antigen), in which the two glycans have very similar structures and identical chemical compositions, making them extraordinarily challenging to be distinguished. Here, we developed an effective method benefiting from selective enrichment and the enzymatic specificity to simultaneously identify and distinguish glycoproteins with O-GlcNAc and O-GalNAc. Metabolic labeling was combined with bioorthogonal chemistry for enriching glycoproteins modified with O-GlcNAc and O-GalNAc. Then, the enzymatic reaction with galactose oxidase was utilized to specifically oxidize O-GalNAc, but not O-GlcNAc, generating the different tags between glycopeptides with O-GlcNAc and O-GalNAc that can be easily distinguishable by mass spectrometry (MS). Among O-GlcNAcylated proteins commonly identified in three types of human cells, those related to transcription and RNA binding are highly enriched. Cell-specific features are also revealed. Among glycoproteins exclusively in Jurkat cells, those involved in human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection are overrepresented, which is consistent with the cell line source and suggests that protein O-GlcNAcylation participated in the response to the virus infection. Furthermore, glycoproteins with the Tn antigen have different subcellular distributions in different cells, which may be attributed to the distinct mechanisms for the formation of protein O-GalNAcylation.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
RBM47, E2F8, SBNO1, CNOT1, HMX3, ABTB3, RHG32, P121C, PDLI1, SNP23, PSMD9, TAF4, ARI1A, ABLM1, STX16, HGS, MYPT1, SC16A, SR140, SET1A, FYB1, TIF1A, PPM1G, SHIP2, EIF3D, NUP42, KDM6A, TET3, SI1L1, DC1L2, HNRPR, PRPF3, TPD54, E41L2, ZN207, BUB3, AKAP8, ZNRD2, MYPT2, GANP, HNRPQ, DIAP1, PLIN3, MAFK, TBL1X, MITF, N4BP1, ZC11A, T22D2, PP6R2, ANR17, BCAS1, NCOR1, SPAG7, TIPRL, SPF30, TOX4, TOX, PCF11, AGFG2, ZFPL1, KIF4A, SC24A, SC24B, CNOT4, ASML, M4K4, BPNT1, PX11B, CHK2, LMNA, GLPA, TFR1, ALDOA, GCR, HSPB1, GNAI2, RLA1, RLA2, RLA0, K1C18, K2C8, RB, CATD, SYEP, PTPRC, VIME, GSTP1, HMGB1, ROA1, ATX1L, DERPC, ZN865, TPR, LAMP2, EF2, PLSL, PLST, GLU2B, HCLS1, PO2F1, RAC2, ATF2, ZEP1, TFE2, MUC1, CREB1, JUNB, ATF7, PTN2, DDX5, SON, ATF1, CSK22, NFKB1, FLNA, PUR2, RFX1, CBL, COF1, PTBP1, ARNT, DCK, PYR1, MAP4, CALX, 3MG, PRDX6, CDC27, AMRP, CLIP1, ZEP2, HNRH1, 1433S, ELF1, LSP1, PTN7, IRS1, ADDA, NU214, CUX1, TXLNA, MLH1, ECHA, IF2G, HNF4A, LAP2B, GPDM, RANG, KI67, CRKL, CAPZB, RFX5, SOX2, CAMLG, NASP, FAS, CDK8, SRP09, YLPM1, NU153, RBP2, TAF6, EMD, LRBA, PAPOA, HCFC1, HDGF, AGFG1, HNRPF, HXK2, NUP98, ATX1, RD23B, AF10, AF17, DSRAD, FOXA1, HNRH2, NU107, TPIS, PSME3, TPM4, F193A, GTF2I, PHC1, PRKDC, MAP1A, SARNP, FOXK1, FBLN2, FAM3A, EM55, NFKB2, HNRPU, SPTB2, FOXK2, RUNX1, FLI1, SATB1, SP2, MP2K1, NUCB1, KMT2A, IF4G1, TLE3, TLE4, KPCT, PSME1, GABPA, PRDX1, ACK1, AHNK, IFFO1, GALT2, SRBP2, TROAP, BPTF, TP53B, CBX3, NFAC2, PICAL, CUL4B, ASPP2, NFYC, CDK13, VEZF1, UBP2L, SRC8, CAPR1, LAGE3, PUM1, MDC1, EPN4, RRP1B, NCOA6, GSE1, UBP10, 2A5D, MEF2D, LASP1, NUMA1, CND1, TEBP, PCBP1, RBMS2, SF3A1, TSN, SF01, MED1, TRIP6, ELF2, TAB1, ZFHX3, ZYX, ADRM1, DPYL2, TAF9, MAPK3, CSPP1, PDS5A, QSER1, AAK1, LRRF1, VP26B, ACSF3, TPRN, CRTC2, PAN3, YIF1B, PRC2B, CEP78, ZN362, FKB15, LRIF1, CAF17, UBAP2, NT5D1, AHDC1, LYRM7, RPRD2, ZN318, TASO2, TBC9B, ARID2, C19L1, ABLM2, TWF2, GRHL2, CPZIP, NIPBL, LIN54, ZCHC8, C2D1A, SCYL2, NFRKB, RSBNL, MDEAS, ZC3HE, LARP1, SAMD1, FIP1, CRTC3, SAS6, MCAF1, BCOR, GGYF2, NBEL2, CO039, SRCAP, UBN2, TM1L2, ASXL2, SPT6H, MEPCE, BOP, KDM3B, ERMP1, TRM1L, ZCCHV, KANL1, POGZ, ZFY16, NUFP2, MAVS, EMSY, RAI1, I2BP2, SRGP1, RHG30, SH3R1, HUWE1, YTHD3, GALT7, LYRIC, BCL9L, CASZ1, TSYL5, DDX42, CACL1, P66A, I2BP1, VRK3, FOXP4, ARI3B, TEX2, MGAP, ANKH1, SUGP1, MILK2, ERF3B, K2013, PHAR4, XRN1, ZN687, FNBP4, ARFG1, ENAH, NHLC2, AVL9, XXLT1, GOLM1, TXND5, SERB1, CHSTE, SLAI1, TNR6A, PHC3, SP20H, VP37A, KMT2C, ARI1B, KNL1, NEDD1, ALMS1, PREX1, DLG5, GEMI5, PIGO, UBS3B, WIPF2, FRS2, PDC6I, ZFN2B, TPC12, SEN15, PCNP, LMO7, ATX2L, CSKI2, PSPC1, P66B, GBF1, SMG7, RTF1, TOPB1, PHF3, MAML1, TTC9A, PRCC, RREB1, CBP, DDX17, SEM4D, ARHG1, GPKOW, FUBP2, LPP, TTC28, PF21A, FAF2, ESS2, EDC3, A7L3B, P121A, PDLI5, FUBP3, VCIP1, PDLI2, Z512B, ZFR, EP400, PRRC1, NOL4L, RBM14, PURB, NACC1, CIC, MED15, NUDC1, SIN3A, AEDO, MINT, HTF4, CNN2, RGPD5, ATX2, HCD2, S29A1, ARI3A, SH3G1, TRIR, DPH2, MGME1, ERP44, ESYT1, CCM2, CNPY3, WAC, DIDO1, HGH1, MMTA2, PAXX, NTM1A, RBM4, SGPP1, HEMGN, HDHD5, YTHD1, FTO, CEP44, BC11B, PITH1, SP130, BRD8, RGAP1, I2BPL, ADNP, DHX36, FOXP1, CENPH, WNK1, E41L1, ZHX3, YTDC2, RANB3, PHAX, ECT2, CNO10, MLXIP, PKHA5, PKHA1, RC3H2, LY9, RDH14, TAF9B, NCOA5, TANC2, TNR6C, CHD8, SDF2L, ARFG3, UBN1, RTN4, PDLI7, CHSTC, STRN4, PNO1, BMP2K, RBM12, STAU2, TXLNG, PNPO, CARF, TAB2, TMOD3, CDK12, F120A, HPBP1, ITSN2, CNOT2, CHMP5, VAPA, CAMP3, RBM27, KANL3, RERE, ZN219, SE1L1, STAP2, LIMD1, TCF20, SEPT9, UBQL2, TRPS1, S30BP, NRBP, EI2BD, SIX4, APC7, TASOR, GMEB2, PARP4, MA1B1, ACINU, ZHX1, CDV3, MRTFB, ZBT21, YETS2, HECD1, ZMYD8, SCAF8, PP6R1, TRI33, TNR6B, ZC3H4, SHAN2, SRRM2, CTND2, SCML2, ZN148, T3JAM, VDAC3, PLAK2, DDX52, NOP58, GIT1, ZN281, SIT1, SALL2, ARIP4, CRBG1, HYOU1, KLF12, PRC2C, YTHD2, CD2AP, TNPO3, SRPRB, TSSC4, NUBP2, HCFC2, FHOD1, NCOR2, GMEB1, NCOA3, S23IP
Species: Homo sapiens
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Woo CM, Lund PJ, Huang AC, Davis MM, Bertozzi CR, Pitteri SJ. Mapping and Quantification of Over 2000 O-linked Glycopeptides in Activated Human T Cells with Isotope-Targeted Glycoproteomics (Isotag). Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 2018 17(4) 29351928
Abstract:
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) on proteins often function to regulate signaling cascades, with the activation of T cells during an adaptive immune response being a classic example. Mounting evidence indicates that the modification of proteins by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), the only mammalian glycan found on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, helps regulate T cell activation. Yet, a mechanistic understanding of how O-GlcNAc functions in T cell activation remains elusive, partly because of the difficulties in mapping and quantifying O-GlcNAc sites. Thus, to advance insight into the role of O-GlcNAc in T cell activation, we performed glycosite mapping studies via direct glycopeptide measurement on resting and activated primary human T cells with a technique termed Isotope Targeted Glycoproteomics. This approach led to the identification of 2219 intact O-linked glycopeptides across 1045 glycoproteins. A significant proportion (>45%) of the identified O-GlcNAc sites lie near or coincide with a known phosphorylation site, supporting the potential for PTM crosstalk. Consistent with other studies, we find that O-GlcNAc sites in T cells lack a strict consensus sequence. To validate our results, we employed gel shift assays based on conjugating mass tags to O-GlcNAc groups. Notably, we observed that the transcription factors c-JUN and JUNB show higher levels of O-GlcNAc glycosylation and higher levels of expression in activated T cells. Overall, our findings provide a quantitative characterization of O-GlcNAc glycoproteins and their corresponding modification sites in primary human T cells, which will facilitate mechanistic studies into the function of O-GlcNAc in T cell activation.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
UBA6, ESYT2, HACL2, DEND3, SBNO1, XIRP2, CNOT1, PINLY, MT21E, SWAHB, P121B, TCAF2, MET15, F177B, P121C, GNAT3, MYO1G, SPT5H, TAF4, PK3CD, DNM1L, P3C2A, BT3A1, PSDE, BIN1, PITM1, DDX3X, RNT2, ARI1A, NCKP5, TRAD1, RHG33, ABLM1, KMT2D, IFIT3, HGS, MYPT1, S27A2, GAK, SC16A, SET1A, KDM6B, ARHGB, FYB1, ATX7, SHIP2, EIF3D, EIF3H, TOX3, NUP42, MEFV, DHX15, ZZEF1, PHF1, ZW10, PRPF3, TPD54, EMC8, SYNJ1, IF4G3, E41L2, WIPF1, LAT, OX1R, PLRG1, ZN207, ST1B1, LANC1, AKAP8, PLIN1, ZN292, AQR, GANP, HBP1, LY75, OGA, DIAP1, MAFK, HCN1, CCD22, BRD4, PP1RB, ABCB7, KI21B, LRP4, N4BP1, CPNE3, OBSL1, BRE1B, CAND2, T22D2, PP6R2, ANR17, H2AY, FLNB, NCOR1, PR40A, LRCH4, MPPB, PSIP1, NDUS3, KS6A5, MYCB2, U520, CCNK, CBPD, CYTF, LTN1, TOX4, PHF14, SUN1, PCF11, FRYL, TRI37, SC31A, CE152, AGFG2, SCAF4, SPN1, RTN3, APOL3, ATE1, CELF2, 6PGL, IPO7, CD2B2, ABCA1, SC24A, SC24B, PCNT, CNOT4, HERC2, HS74L, RIGI, M4K4, AIFM1, TXD12, LDHA, COX1, A1AT, FOS, LDLR, LMNA, ALBU, CYTB, GCR, HG2A, K2C1, G3P, HLAA, CPNS1, RPN1, RPN2, GNAI2, AT1A1, RLA2, JUN, ATPB, CD2, NPM, ANXA2, SYEP, TSP1, SP1, ANXA6, MDR1, HS90B, INHBA, ODPA, PTPRC, RU2B, HCK, VIME, GNAI3, ADA2A, HMGB1, ROA1, LKHA4, DERPC, F231L, GLI2, GRAB, RO60, RARB, HSP7C, EGR2, ODPB, LAMP1, SRF, FA5, IMDH2, TPR, SKI, ACTN1, K1C10, CEAM1, PLSL, GLU2B, HCLS1, PO2F1, RAC2, ATF2, FOSL2, PGCA, LEUK, CREB1, GDC, PECA1, MGMT, ZNF25, JUNB, UBF1, JUND, ATF7, PTN2, DDX5, EGR1, PTPRA, SON, RCC1, ATF1, ML12A, PLCG1, NUCL, NFKB1, LMNB1, CAN3, HNF1A, FLNA, TNAP3, PIMT, UBA1, ROA2, RFX1, CBL, QCR2, MAOM, SP100, NFYA, IF4B, AT2B4, RPB1, BRD2, ATPA, DDX6, PTBP1, ARNT, RFA1, APEX1, PYR1, CALR, MAP4, ERCC5, PTN6, SPB3, PDIA3, 2AAA, HLAF, HMOX2, CLIP1, RPB2, COR1A, ZEP2, HNRH3, HNRH1, STIP1, ELF1, KINH, LSP1, PHB1, PTN7, RFC4, MYH9, MYH10, COPB2, ACTN2, SOAT1, ADDA, FUS, NU214, ATP7B, MYH11, GLRX1, PPM1A, K22E, MP2K2, NUP62, GRP75, IF4A3, COIA1, STAT3, MDHM, ECHA, IF2G, PERI, ELK3, LAP2A, LAP2B, STAT1, RHG25, DPP6, HD, MATR3, GPDM, ZAP70, TNR4, VDAC2, MP2K4, NOP2, NOTC1, UTRN, IQGA1, STT3A, NPBW1, COPD, AGRE5, NASP, FAS, EFTU, CENPF, MA2A2, YLPM1, CLK1, NU153, RBP2, TAF6, GUAA, IDH3A, EMD, LRBA, AT1A2, MECP2, HCFC1, CCR3, KS6A3, LUM, ROA3, GDIR2, AGFG1, STAT2, TF2AA, CAZA1, NUP98, FOSB, SUCA, COPA, ITA8, SC24C, ATX1, UBP14, RD23B, EPHB3, AF17, CASP6, DSRAD, PSA, TPIS, SC61B, ACTB, ARF3, HNRPK, RS16, ACTA, GBB1, PPIA, RS27A, AP2B1, 1433Z, IF5A1, RACK1, ACTG, ACTS, TBA1B, TBA4A, PHC1, PRKDC, BTG2, SSBP2, ATL3, TXN4A, FOXK1, RHG04, NFKB2, SPTB2, FOXK2, RUNX1, AMPD2, CAP1, FLI1, OTUD4, PFKAP, SATB1, EWS, MEF2A, SP2, RHAG, SP4, SP3, RL18A, NUCB1, DYST, CREM, KMT2A, TF65, IF4G1, TLE3, TLE4, REL, UBE3A, GABPA, GABP1, CD69, ZO1, TLE5, DHX9, GOGA3, SLFN5, S38AB, RBBP4, NCBP1, AHNK, MN1, FOXO1, TBL3, TF3C1, AKP13, BPTF, NFIA, CHD3, TP53B, ANK3, PP1R8, AKAP6, ROA0, PAK2, TBX2, M3K1, ATM, DC1I2, IKZF1, TCOF, ROCK1, NFAC2, SMAD4, PICAL, PRP4K, SNW1, IQGA2, MTMR1, MTMR3, CUL4A, CUL4B, RUNX3, NFYC, KGP1, CDK13, IL16, CKAP5, CO4A6, VEZF1, MORC3, UBP2L, SCRIB, GIT2, DYHC1, ELOA1, FLNC, CAPR1, CASL, SCN5A, SEM3A, ITPR2, PLSI, LAGE3, PUM1, EPN4, RRP1B, NCOA6, LBR, STAT4, MEF2D, LASP1, NUMA1, GAPD1, SPCS2, SUZ12, ACAP1, R3HD1, SYK, ARHG6, ACAP2, BRD3, PLEC, L2GL1, EPHA7, SF3B3, RYR3, TAF5, MARE2, TSN, SF01, MED1, JHD2C, T22D1, ELF2, NAB2, TAB1, SPEG, USF2, ZFHX3, ZYX, SEPT7, ADRM1, PKN1, DDB1, TAF9, OBF1, NRF1, PTPRO, ZN827, EX3L4, HNRL2, AAK1, CCD57, QRIC1, PRTG, CEA16, TM249, FR1L6, LRRF1, EMAL3, UAP1L, GON4L, LARP7, EPC2, CRTC2, PAR10, TYW2, RHG15, H90B3, BCORL, ZN831, TGO1, DOC11, PRC2B, TOIP1, CEP78, CD158, TDIF2, KMCP1, ZN362, FKB15, ZEP3, ODAD2, MPP7, LRIF1, UBR4, UBAP2, GNTK, RBM26, CE350, RPRD2, AGAP9, MYOME, TASO2, RN213, GL8D1, PDPK2, BICRL, OTU7B, RGPA1, TWF2, SDE2, NIPBL, LIN54, ZN544, PPR18, ZCHC8, CDC73, ARMX5, SCYL2, NFRKB, LMOD2, LEG1H, TMM81, PDXD1, RSBNL, MDEAS, ZC3HE, LARP1, SCND3, POTEE, ZN322, ANR11, SPIT4, AFTIN, FIP1, CRTC3, MCAF1, PACS1, BCOR, DJC14, DG2L6, LR74B, OTOG, RHG36, YJ005, RHG27, TMTC3, UN13D, HAKAI, NOL8, HECW1, SPT6H, SND1, KDM3B, S26A9, DYM, PRS41, APTX, ZCCHV, SETX, NUP54, GLUCM, POGZ, MYH14, NUFP2, MAVS, HDGR2, EMSY, I2BP2, AB12B, DHB13, CMKMT, SRGP1, RBBP6, RHG30, NRARP, TCPR1, HUWE1, YTHD3, CENPV, ATL2, YRDC, GPAT4, ZFHX4, ABCAD, BCL9L, KIF27, LRRT3, IQGA3, VS10L, CEP57, FRAS1, CACL1, P66A, I2BP1, CRLF3, CRERF, DYH10, GID4, ARI3B, WDR75, MGAP, ANKH1, SUGP1, SUGP2, CCAR1, BAP18, PLPL6, CMIP, TIGD4, YAF2, IHO1, SRRM1, FANCM, CC116, A16A1, DCP1B, PELP1, WDFY3, ABCA7, LGI4, NUP93, LRC47, ABD12, FNBP4, GALT4, RN175, CARME, AF1L2, TAB3, CPSF7, EFNMT, MAGB6, LRTM2, KRI1, TTC29, POC5, LR75A, S43A3, SUMF2, NETO2, NF2IP, LS14A, MISSL, CA131, TNR6A, PHC3, SRFB1, SP20H, VP37A, PCAT1, DOCK8, SYNE1, ARI1B, ENASE, TET1, MYRIP, OR6K3, CFA61, THOC2, WDR36, GABP2, MARH1, ALMS1, PREX1, PKHO2, DYH3, DSCL1, DTX3L, NETO1, NEK7, MICA1, ATS18, RN128, SNX29, SMCR8, ZN384, HASP, SMAP2, SCFD1, LMO7, ATX2L, PHIP, RUFY2, CSKI1, MADD, AGRV1, SYNE2, MUC16, P66B, AUTS2, BBX, TITIN, CTTB2, GBF1, SMG7, SNX19, PHF3, HS105, ZN592, HMHA1, TFG, TAF4B, CBP, KAT6A, SYMPK, SHIP1, DDX17, TANK, RAD50, CELF1, SMRD2, RAB8B, FUBP2, DVL3, LPP, TATD2, AT2A3, MRTFA, PLPL2, SH3K1, PF21A, DOC10, INT12, ACSF2, GCP3, SLAF6, RSPRY, MTEF3, SIR1, THA11, GLT14, CERS2, SYMM, PDLI5, FUBP3, PP16A, COG3, VCIP1, CHAP1, PDLI2, ANCHR, UBP47, Z512B, ZFR, EP400, CNO6L, CA074, PRRC1, ZN512, CNT3B, LRRC7, ARAP1, AGRA2, INP4A, RBM14, NED4L, LENG8, TRNT1, MCCA, PCX1, CCNL2, SIN3A, SEBP2, MINT, HTF4, CDC5L, EYA3, LGMN, MNT, SCAFB, TTC1, OSMR, ATX2, METH, ACON, CPNE1, TBA1C, MBB1A, GPTC1, ERP44, ESYT1, CCM2, FUZZY, DIDO1, MCMBP, CABL2, NDC1, PAXX, HNRL1, NUP58, RIOK2, THIC, RBM4, NADAP, SSBP3, NAA15, AP1M1, M10L1, YTHD1, BACH2, PANK2, PC11Y, ASPC1, UCK2, TRI31, UNK, FTO, AMRA1, CE295, DRC3, SP130, BRD8, CSTFT, ZCPW1, LMA2L, CK054, SLIK2, CSRN2, I2BPL, VPS16, EPC1, ADNP, IPYR2, FOXP1, PTN23, WNK1, AMPB, E41L1, GSX1, ELOV6, CH033, VISTA, SFR19, GORS2, LN28A, MLXIP, GBB4, PKHA1, RISC, TAF9B, MRM3, ZBT20, NCOA5, TANC2, TNR6C, CHD8, AT131, VTA1, SYSM, UBN1, DCP1A, KI13B, PRD10, XPP1, PDLI7, DDX21, MBNL1, SIR7, TULP4, ABCBA, LATS2, UBQL4, THSD1, CENPM, PDS5B, RBM12, MED9, SLTM, MIC19, NSMA3, THUM1, CARF, SNTG2, MTMR4, TE2IP, TAB2, CDK12, GGA3, ITSN2, BICRA, CNOT2, TMOD2, THYN1, PDP1, VAPA, TEN3, CHD7, DYH1, SYLC, KLH42, KANL3, RERE, HDC, TRPC4, MALT1, ADDG, TCF20, NDRG3, SUN2, NDOR1, UBQL2, S30BP, RPGFL, AGRE2, NRBP, BAZ2A, HOOK1, S2513, TASOR, AKA11, GMEB2, PARP4, C8AP2, IKZF2, ACINU, CNO11, AT7L1, K1210, YETS2, HECD1, NOTC3, PRP19, UBQL1, FAF1, PPIE, DIM1, MACF1, SCAF8, SET1B, JIP3, ZC3H4, SRRM2, CLCA2, SMC3, ZN148, MTMR6, ENTP4, SAC2, MAST1, FYV1, WDR37, TR150, ZN281, FBX7, 3BP1, OR2W1, NOC2L, SAMH1, DMXL1, ARIP4, MTCL1, RIPR2, PKHM1, RPGF2, CRBG1, PRC2C, YTHD2, SP16H, ANGL3, PCDG3, SNX13, NUBP2, NCOR2, COPG1, GMEB1, DC1L1, ROBO1, NCOA3, M3K4, PCLO, CAN7, SCC4, ZHX2, S23IP
Species: Homo sapiens
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Zhang W, Liu T, Dong H, Bai H, Tian F, Shi Z, Chen M, Wang J, Qin W, Qian X. Synthesis of a Highly Azide-Reactive and Thermosensitive Biofunctional Reagent for Efficient Enrichment and Large-Scale Identification of O-GlcNAc Proteins by Mass Spectrometry. Analytical chemistry 2017 89(11) 28510447
Abstract:
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a ubiquitous post-translational modification of proteins in eukaryotic cells. Despite their low abundance, O-GlcNAc-modified proteins play many important roles in regulating gene expression, signal transduction, and cell cycle. Aberrant O-GlcNAc proteins are correlated with many major human diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and cancer. Because of the extremely low stoichiometry of O-GlcNAc proteins, enrichment is required before mass spectrometry analysis for large-scale identification and in-depth understanding of their cellular function. In this work, we designed and synthesized a novel thermosensitive immobilized triarylphosphine reagent as a convenient tool for efficient enrichment of azide-labeled O-GlcNAc proteins from complex biological samples. Immobilization of triarylphosphine on highly water-soluble thermosensitive polymer largely increases its solubility and reactivity in aqueous solution. As a result, facilitated coupling is achieved between triarylphosphine and azide-labeled O-GlcNAc proteins via Staudinger ligation, due to the increased triarylphosphine concentration, reduced interfacial mass transfer resistance, and steric hindrance in homogeneous reaction. Furthermore, solubility of the polymer from complete dissolution to full precipitation can be easily controlled by simply adjusting the environmental temperature. Therefore, facile sample recovery can be achieved by increasing the temperature to precipitate the polymer-O-GlcNAc protein conjugates from solution. This novel immobilized triarylphosphine reagent enables efficient enrichment and sensitive detection of more than 1700 potential O-GlcNAc proteins from HeLa cell using mass spectrometry, demonstrating its potential as a general strategy for low-abundance target enrichment.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
A0A024R5Q9, A0A0B4J1V8, A0A0B4J203, GAL3B, RBM47, UBA6, ESYT2, SHOT1, NDUF8, VWA8, GTPBA, A5Y5A3, CNOT1, PGP, TBAL3, SMHD1, LR14B, NCF1B, A8K005, B4DLC0, B4DLN1, B4DQP1, B4E259, EIFCL, B7Z2B5, B7Z532, B7Z5W1, DSA2D, D7RF68, E9PL57, E9PLN8, I1VE18, L0R5A1, S35U4, ADAS, KIF2A, PDLI1, AIP, SMAP, NDUS8, PSD12, PSMD9, SPT5H, DFFA, HIP1, EIF3F, IPO5, SAP18, IF2B3, DNM1L, NDUA4, PSDE, BIN1, NOP56, DDX3X, IMA3, TRI38, SCD, DHSD, TXND9, ACPM, UBFD1, AP3D1, DVL2, CHD1, TOR1A, PTGES, ACOT8, NHRF1, TPP1, RPC1, PSA7, MGST3, HAT1, QCR8, HGS, S27A2, HNRDL, BTAF1, SR140, PUR4, NPC1, DEGS1, SCAM2, ARPC2, ARPC3, BET1, RPAC1, PGRC2, NDUA1, RER1, OGT1, PMM2, HMGB3, EIF3H, ARPC5, DHX15, CYB5B, PRP4, SERA, NDUS4, PAPS1, ZW10, SNUT1, RIPK2, PRPF3, PPIH, E41L2, XPOT, DNPH1, PSCA, TSN6, ZN207, NDUB5, BUB1, BUD23, GATC, HTSF1, SGTA, SYNC, PM34, CPSF5, SCO2, ORC5, TIM8A, DHX16, SMCA5, MAST3, OPA1, TBCD4, OGA, HNRPQ, DIAP1, MOT2, IMA7, CTND1, DPM1, Z354A, RT14, PQBP1, TI17B, DKC1, IF2P, EDF1, MCE1, ABCB7, WDR1, BRE1B, ZC11A, CLU, ANR17, COQ9, NDUS7, NIPS2, VPS4B, CISY, PR40A, NDK6, VP26A, MPPB, PSIP1, ECI2, BAF, SF3B1, CSDE1, PRKRA, NPM3, ERAL1, TIPRL, KS6A4, NU155, XRP2, WDHD1, CRTAP, S2512, RNH2A, EIF3G, AP1G2, IDHC, CCNK, SPF27, FLOT1, GLRX3, RL1D1, CLPX, CIAO1, SRP72, LTN1, UFL1, UBXN7, PRP6, PCF11, GLSK, SC31A, RPP14, YIF1A, AGFG2, NDUB6, UBE4B, ELP1, NDUB8, LC7L3, KIF4A, MPZL1, 6PGL, PAPS2, TRI16, ARI2, PSMG1, MPC2, ASML, RPP29, HS74L, AP2A1, TTC4, TM50A, BAG2, EMAL2, BPNT1, NDUBA, ACL6A, COX1, COX2, PNPH, AATM, EGFR, ADA, ATP6, RASN, LDLR, HLAB, LMNA, ALBU, NU1M, NU3M, NU4M, KITH, K2C1, G3P, HLAA, TYSY, RPN2, HMGN1, ISG15, LA, K1C18, DCUP, CDK1, NPM, TPM3, HEXA, HYEP, H10, SAP, SYEP, HNRPC, YES, SP1, DAF, PFKAM, HEM3, CY1, RU17, ITA5, RS17, RSSA, RM03, SRP19, RU1C, HMOX1, RU2A, PARP1, LKHA4, ALDOC, F86B2, GSTT2, ST1A3, HS71B, RPAC2, ECE2, EFMT4, EFCE2, MYBA, HLAC, ARAF, H14, ODP2, MGST1, ESTD, GTR3, UMPS, ODB2, ACADM, TOP1, TOP2A, G6PD, PYC, C1TC, ADHX, PRPS2, PABP1, ADT1, TPR, KCRB, RINI, K2C5, ACPH, GYS1, ENOB, CD59, MTDC, MIF, CX7A2, CCNB1, CX6B1, PO2F1, SYDC, PLAK, QCR7, ERF3A, EZRI, UCHL3, MCP, PHKG2, RS2, RFA2, CBR1, BGAL, EPCAM, NCPR, AT2A2, UBF1, NDUB7, KAPCA, CAN2, PYRG1, DDX5, LEG3, TCPA, PTN1, RL7, NELFE, PGAM1, RCC1, XRCC1, RPAB1, NDUV2, SPEE, IF2B, BTF3, H2A1D, COX5A, LMNB1, IMDH1, FLNA, ACOHC, ODBB, MUTA, OSBP1, PIMT, FBRL, PUR2, HEMH, TCEA1, AT2B4, CPT2, KTHY, RIR1, EF1B, AT5F1, THIL, CDK2, APC, MCM3, THTM, RS12, TYY1, ITA3, DDX6, DNMT1, U2AF2, HMGB2, SYVC, EF1G, AOFB, RL10, RFA1, APEX1, MAP4, CALX, PSA5, NDUS1, RXRB, AMPL, T2EA, T2EB, IMPA1, 3MG, CO4A5, SPB3, ATPD, PDIA3, 2AAB, CDC27, NMT1, PURA2, AMRP, PUR8, CLIP1, GSTT1, CTR1, AL1B1, RPB2, METK2, RIR2, HNRH3, HNRH1, STIP1, L1CAM, P5CR1, TF2H1, ACSL1, CSTF2, MCM4, MCM5, MCM7, RFC4, RFC2, RL22, T2FA, GDE, SOAT1, BASI, NU214, DEK, K22E, PRS7, HEM6, RL4, LONM, SRP14, NUP62, TALDO, RBMX, COIL, RS19, FEN1, CAP2, TCPZ, NNMT, PSB10, RL13A, PEX19, MDHM, RFC5, RFC3, BUD31, GARS, SYIC, EIF1, LAP2A, LAP2B, MTREX, AK1C3, LPPRC, THIM, MATR3, GPDM, SSRA, SSRB, RANG, PRS6B, EFTS, VDAC2, UBP5, RECQ1, ATRX, IF2M, MP2K3, BRCC3, RL27A, RS10, GNPI1, CAPZB, IF1AX, SYQ, RL29, MAOX, PTSS1, IDHP, PIPNB, DPOD2, TCPG, RM19, INPP, SRP09, SYCC, PSB2, MCM2, ACADV, TMEDA, RBM25, NU153, RBP2, NDUV1, GSK3B, 5NTC, SPS1, GUAA, DNLI3, GDIB, CPT1A, F10A1, DYN2, MAP2, CDK7, CDK9, LRBA, RL14, PAPOA, FXR1, FXR2, RAB7A, RB27A, RT29, SMCA4, SSRD, TPMT, HCFC1, SSDH, DHB4, PSMD7, STA5B, UBP11, DYLT3, CCNH, ROA3, HNRPM, IMA1, NCBP2, MP2K6, KIF11, HXK2, BIEA, PLK1, NUBP1, MAP11, SUCA, MVD1, PGTB2, CATC, CCHL, IST1, TCP4, PMS2, SYYC, UBP14, RD23A, P5CS, IF5, PSMD4, BI1, MFAP1, AFAD, NP1L1, CASP9, ADK, DSRAD, SEC13, HNRH2, SCOT1, EIF3B, ATP5E, IF6, CF298, TMM33, CORO7, SELB, MTPN, YBEY, ARPC4, CD81, SC61B, ROMO1, MYL6, ACTB, IF4A1, PRPS1, PSA6, CDC42, DEST, GMFB, RAB8A, SPCS3, SRP54, RAB5B, UBC12, UBE2K, RAB14, TM258, CSN2, RAP1B, RS3A, VA0D1, NAA20, S61A1, B2MG, COPZ1, UFM1, AP1S1, HNRPK, TIM10, PRS4, RS15A, RS23, RUXE, SMD3, PRS10, ERF1, RS6, RAN, RL23, RS15, RS24, RS25, RS26, RBX1, RL39, RL31, RL10A, RL32, PPIA, TRA2B, AP2B1, DYL1, DYLT1, RL38, SKP1, ACTG, UBC9, CSK2B, UB2L3, EF1A1, CSK21, SERB, IF4G2, RPP38, GTF2I, RAE1L, GSTO1, PRKDC, IN35, RT25, RT35, RT05, RT11, RT15, RT06, RT09, LACTB, RL36A, ARF5, ERH, H33, FOXK1, PRR5, RBM10, TFAM, PIPNA, TF2B, CDK16, NFKB2, FKBP3, HNRPU, U2AF1, SET, GALK2, FABP5, CAP1, HMCS1, IFM3, RL18A, NUCB1, RL6, M2OM, LMNB2, TAP1, TAP2, CEBPZ, TF65, UBXN1, IF4G1, ATP7A, CSTF1, FAK1, SRS11, EF1A2, PUR1, PSME1, GABPA, FMR1, RL18, C1QBP, KHDR1, KLC1, SRSF1, QOR, LG3BP, PPID, SSRP1, CAMP2, NSUN2, RBBP4, NCBP1, HSP7E, BST2, MPPA, WASC5, TBL3, SNF5, STX4, GRSF1, NFIA, SF3A3, TP53B, ILF2, ILF3, PTPRJ, TRAP1, TRAF2, MYO1E, PP1R8, BNIP2, CSTF3, STRN3, RM28, ACACA, CSN1, CAF1B, TADBP, ROA0, AIMP2, PAK2, CBX3, STK3, STX5, SRSF5, SRSF6, TIF1B, PABP4, EIF3I, 2A5G, UB2V1, RM49, DC1I2, ILK, SNTB2, PPIG, TCOF, SF3B2, HAP28, ROCK1, PICAL, SQSTM, PRP4K, HDAC1, DCTN2, SNW1, STIM1, PWP1, MTMR2, CUL2, CUL4A, FCL, RAB31, RAB32, NOG2, TBB2A, BYST, PEBB, HNRPD, IL18, VEZF1, TRI29, TTL12, DPOA2, ICT1, DCTN1, ELOA1, TRI25, FASTK, PDE3A, RBM39, HLTF, MCM6, ITPR1, TRIPC, PUM1, EPN4, SMC1A, RRP1B, PSF1, UBP10, GANAB, LBR, CHD4, NOLC1, NUMA1, PSME4, GAPD1, CND2, SPCS2, EMC2, FL2D, PSMD6, ABRX2, SART3, CND1, EXOS7, U5S1, SYLM, WDR43, ACOX1, EBP, PCM1, NOMO1, PON2, TEBP, NONO, RAB35, RNPS1, PCBP2, ELOC, UBE3C, DHC24, SF3B3, RSU1, SF3B4, SF3A1, SKI2, MARE2, NHRF2, TSN, SF01, CIP4, TRIPB, PCH2, ELAV1, SMAD2, TBCE, VAMP3, ZYX, SEPT7, CCDC6, UAP1, PSMD5, MK14, RM23, DPYL2, SYPL1, RBBP7, IF16, KYNU, CAH9, NDUA9, PCKGM, HCDH, UGPA, MIC60, HNRL2, INF2, PDS5A, TSR1, ALG11, QRIC1, SMU1, LRRF1, RPA43, LSM12, ACSF3, PPCEL, TB10B, MIX23, RHG29, PDCD4, Q53FH6, DHB12, SNUT2, LACB2, EIPR1, H90B4, TM41B, HERC4, PP6R3, PREP, PSMG4, RRP12, TOIP1, SYAM, PCID2, S27A3, SAMD9, CYTSB, TDIF2, TTC38, EXOS6, NU188, CE170, SNPC4, CHCH9, DDX59, GPTC4, HECD3, SKT, RM02, UBAP2, LCE1C, ACBD5, EEIG2, RBM26, DCAF8, ATPF1, DDI2, NT5D1, LYRM7, EMC10, RIF1, OBSCN, CE350, AXA81, PR38B, BRE1A, ARHGG, LYPL1, ECM29, MIC13, MAP1S, UTP25, TENS3, INT3, C19L1, CPIN1, SMYD5, PTRD1, CNDH2, MRM1, P4R3A, ACD10, DE10B, SCMC1, TM214, HIBCH, TTI2, DHX57, CDC73, RM14, L2GL2, MET2B, PRP8, TTC27, SKI3, RICTR, LCLT1, WDR82, HACD2, GGYF2, KAT3, UBR3, LARP4, SPT6H, SND1, COX15, DDX46, TM10C, 5MP2, EIF3M, MEPCE, CYFP1, ENOF1, FAKD5, MOB1B, KDM3B, HS2ST, K2C74, TRM1L, ZCCHV, NUP54, MAVS, DHX29, COMD6, HDDC2, LIMS2, I2BP2, PATL1, SETD3, PABP2, MTA70, ZN598, AACS, LUZP1, GP180, CAND1, CMTD1, PRSR2, CARM1, COMD2, DDX42, SPAS2, CONA1, NDUAB, DAAF5, STX12, DLP1, P66A, HORN, RB6I2, FABD, CEP97, CTL2, PHF6, UBR1, CHERP, ANKH1, DJC10, NELFD, MIRO1, RB12B, RAVR1, SPB1, SRRM1, CA174, MICU2, TRM2A, PELP1, ABI1, CCAR2, NDUF2, NUP93, LRC47, GPD1L, TOM5, OGFD1, TTC9C, JAGN1, CPSF7, PAF1, ZN433, F241A, ENAH, CL029, NHLC2, SUMF2, UBAC2, RDH13, UXS1, FA98A, NNRE, LS14A, PAPD5, CNNM3, MCU, FBX22, FAD1, NUP35, Q8NFH9, ABHDB, KNL1, OR1M1, ATLA2, MSPD2, DDX55, NCOA7, THOC2, WDR36, G45IP, CX038, FBX30, S35B2, PUM2, KLDC4, UBA3, KISHA, TBC15, RM30, PNPT1, SSH3, GEMI5, IPO4, ABHD5, ZC3HF, TF3C2, TM263, PTPM1, NU133, CHAC2, THEM6, LEO1, CPLX3, NUDC2, TFB1M, SCFD1, HNRLL, CD003, SEN15, SPRY4, TRUB1, LMO7, ARAP3, PRP31, PALLD, CTBL1, DDB2, DDX1, DHB8, PSMF1, RTF1, RT27, AP3S1, LAR4B, GCN1, PRP16, NU205, TFG, RBP56, DDX17, RAD50, CELF1, OSTF1, ARHG1, UFD1, RENT1, SMRC1, FUBP2, ARHG2, UBP13, USP9X, SCAM4, OSBP2, F162A, RM24, SYAP1, EXOC4, FERM2, PBIP1, RPE, EXOS8, OTUL, CHCH1, PPWD1, COA7, TAM41, F136A, P5CR2, DCPS, FAF2, FXRD1, AP2M1, GCP3, F241B, NMD3, RMD1, MSI2H, SNR40, RM38, RRFM, SIR1, YIPF6, KBP, GNA1, RT24, MOCOS, DAZP1, SAAL1, SIM12, DNJA3, TMA16, PTCD3, OTUB1, TRM61, HMCES, DUS3L, OTUD5, VMP1, DCNL1, SMRD1, TOE1, DDX27, MTNB, ZC21A, PGAM5, FUBP3, SPF45, SUCB2, HPDL, ATPMK, BT3L4, CLP1L, SCYL1, SNX27, YTDC1, ZN830, NSUN5, RBM14, UHRF2, PUS7, TRNT1, TEFM, EFGM, NUDC1, PRPK, PIGS, WRIP1, RANB9, NEB2, IWS1, SIN3A, OSBL9, INT14, ZSC10, RUFY1, MMS19, UHRF1, NIBA2, YMEL1, MYCBP, TBCB, PSB7, CNN2, CDC5L, PSMD1, PFD5, MPH6, TSNAX, TTC1, CSN8, KIF2C, MGLL, HCD2, NP1L4, ACON, TCPH, ANM1, VRK1, CND3, ARP5L, DDX50, RNZ2, GRWD1, MACD1, CMS1, MEP50, RT63, TBA1C, MBB1A, FERM1, CG050, PDD2L, MIC25, UQCC2, UTP23, LXN, NTPCR, TACO1, GCP2, SEN34, ALG1, PSMG3, CSN4, DIDO1, RBM42, MCMBP, AASD1, DCNL5, AN32E, P4K2A, MMTA2, TBB6, PAXX, HNRL1, MTNA, WDR18, THUM3, NTM1A, ASHWN, TM109, GNL3, NUP85, ELOV1, IFT27, SYTM, THIC, FUND2, SF3B5, SFXN3, CARD6, OSB10, B2L13, SRRT, HDHD5, HDAC8, RTF2, EIF2A, PDIP3, RM13, RM04, RM01, MK67I, YTHD1, RT26, NEUL, ABCA2, RM37, UACA, WDR11, CRNL1, TBL1R, UBL5, API5, FTO, UBE2O, XPO4, S39A8, WDR12, YIPF3, DERL2, SKI8, SLIRP, EGLN1, UBA5, MKRN2, T126A, PAIP1, CLPB, LSG1, NAT10, ILKAP, XRN2, NSRP1, CSTFT, 5NT3A, GBRL1, DDX47, RM18, SNAB, ATG5, GAN, DPH5, DHX36, IPYR2, SPNS1, RM46, PININ, GPT, GHITM, NELFA, OSGL1, HEAT1, TFB2M, YTDC2, RPAP3, WDR26, CH033, UBE2Z, ANKZ1, ZWILC, MED20, ARMT1, L2HDH, ELP3, RPA2, KT3K, SYCM, PPCS, NJMU, XPO5, GRPE1, RHOF, POPD2, EMAL4, GLOD4, MCCB, MOV10, SYF1, TM9S3, WDR6, TRXR2, SYSM, RT30, M1IP1, UBE2T, NOP10, OSGEP, MED4, RM40, RTN4, RPR1B, RRAGD, PFD4, EXOS3, ANLN, XPP1, BIRC6, ACSA, DBLOH, DDX21, SAR1A, DPOE4, SIAS, SHLB2, EI2BG, MBNL1, PYRG2, DPOE3, CHRC1, COXM2, ABC3C, PNO1, RM17, HELLS, SYFB, SYIM, ATG3, SMC4, OLA1, CUTC, ECHD1, RBM12, MDN1, DECR2, ABHDA, LIN7C, TXLNG, SPS2L, ABCF3, DD19A, UQCC1, EXD2, DJC11, FANCI, ATD3A, ARL8B, ANM7, FAIM1, RT18A, ARMC1, RPC5, SDA1, RBM28, RBM22, DMAC2, WDR70, PK1IP, RM22, CZIB, BABA1, NDUBB, RM16, NHP2, OCAD1, ADPRS, LYAR, MIC19, THUM1, TRM1, PP4R2, DPP3, BCLF1, FKB11, TMOD3, ELOV5, GTSE1, TECR, ERAP1, ARP10, CISD1, F120A, IF2B1, COQ3, HPBP1, MAT2B, CNOT2, OGFR, CNIH4, RM15, THYN1, KCMF1, TM14C, HM20B, RCC2, RELCH, BCCIP, STK26, FPRP, IBTK, RRBP1, SYLC, SUCB1, DPM3, ATX10, TFP11, SAE1, COMD3, MTRR, ASH2L, DHCR7, EIF3K, SAE2, WNT16, CSN7A, QCR9, ZO2, LRWD1, ABCF2, SYWM, SEC63, SRP68, CHRD1, BAP29, S30BP, PFD2, GPN3, PUF60, NRBP, ENOPH, NDUAC, EI2BD, VATH, XPO7, VPS51, S2513, DCTN4, FBX2, CCNL1, DBR1, FEM1B, DJC12, MRT4, CPSF3, NUDT5, RCOR1, TF3C4, PACN3, ACINU, AGO2, PSME2, PALD, COR1C, AKP8L, ALK, DD19B, PRP19, UBQL1, SNX12, CHIP, PACN2, MAGD2, SNX6, SSRG, FAF1, PPIE, MINP1, SCAF8, TRI33, PHF8, LIMC1, UBP24, SMC3, SCML2, PIN4, PSF2, EIF3L, PLAP, RUVB1, BCS1, SYFA, CNPY2, PKHA6, RRP44, RT07, PDIP2, WBP11, NOP58, SGT1, ACOT9, AAR2, MEMO1, TMX2, LC7L2, DHRS7, RT02, SBDS, TMED5, EXOS1, SF3B6, RM11, RRP15, NOP16, TPRKB, PPIL1, CIA2B, RT16, RT23, PTH2, RTCB, FBX7, NOC2L, RL36, SAMH1, HBS1L, DCAF1, UBP15, TBL2, TELO2, LAS1L, AFG32, ARI1, SAM50, PRC2C, PPME1, AP4S1, YTHD2, CTDP1, SP16H, UTP18, TNPO3, GMPPB, RBM8A, SNX8, FHOD1, SERC, NCOR2, ORNT1, ALG5, RT18B, CLIC4, NFS1, SPCS1, MD1L1, STK24, 5MP1, COMDA, DC1L1, TX264, S4A7, NDUB9, MORC2, S23IP
Species: Homo sapiens
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Hahne H, Sobotzki N, Nyberg T, Helm D, Borodkin VS, van Aalten DM, Agnew B, Kuster B. Proteome wide purification and identification of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins using click chemistry and mass spectrometry. Journal of proteome research 2013 12(2) 23301498
Abstract:
The post-translational modification of proteins with N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is involved in the regulation of a wide variety of cellular processes and associated with a number of chronic diseases. Despite its emerging biological significance, the systematic identification of O-GlcNAc proteins is still challenging. In the present study, we demonstrate a significantly improved O-GlcNAc protein enrichment procedure, which exploits metabolic labeling of cells by azide-modified GlcNAc and copper-mediated Click chemistry for purification of modified proteins on an alkyne-resin. On-resin proteolysis using trypsin followed by LC-MS/MS afforded the identification of around 1500 O-GlcNAc proteins from a single cell line. Subsequent elution of covalently resin bound O-GlcNAc peptides using selective β-elimination enabled the identification of 185 O-GlcNAc modification sites on 80 proteins. To demonstrate the practical utility of the developed approach, we studied the global effects of the O-GlcNAcase inhibitor GlcNAcstatin G on the level of O-GlcNAc modification of cellular proteins. About 200 proteins including several key players involved in the hexosamine signaling pathway showed significantly increased O-GlcNAcylation levels in response to the drug, which further strengthens the link of O-GlcNAc protein modification to cellular nutrient sensing and response.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
UBA6, SHOT1, MEX3A, TPC13, CNOT1, PGP, RIMC1, SMHD1, CC85C, I4E1B, ZBBX, B2R8K8, B2RB32, B3KNS4, B3KUR4, B4DF70, B4DIH0, B4DIR9, B4DTN6, B8XCX8, DX39A, BACH, GTPB1, SMAP, AP3B1, PSD12, PSMD9, ATOX1, PGRC1, SPT5H, TAF4, DFFA, CLIC1, EIF3F, WASL, IPO5, EF2K, PLOD2, MEIS1, PSDE, IMA4, BCL9, SDCB1, NOP56, IMA3, ARI1A, UBFD1, CCS, DVL2, KMT2D, ANM5, TNPO2, GEMI2, HAT1, MYPT1, GAK, XPO1, ZN609, SC16A, SR140, PUR4, NKRF, ZN185, CASC3, OGT1, PMM2, HMGB3, PPM1G, SHIP2, NVL, NUP42, R113A, KDM6A, DHX15, MCES, RRP8, SERA, DC1L2, ZW10, M3K7, RIPK2, WDR62, TXNL1, IF4G3, E41L2, FOXO3, DENR, XPOT, BUB3, ACTN4, HTSF1, SGTA, SYNC, LANC1, DHX16, ZNRD2, KPRB, AQR, GANP, HNRPQ, BUB1B, DIAP1, PLIN3, ANM3, CTND1, EIF1B, USO1, IF2P, NBN, SRGP2, N4BP1, ROCK2, CLAP2, CPNE3, BRE1B, ZC11A, CLU, T22D2, ANR17, GGCT, HMMR, VATG1, FLNB, NCOR1, SPAG7, PR40A, GGYF1, PSIP1, NDUS3, SRS10, KHDR3, SF3B1, CSDE1, PRKRA, KS6A5, NPM3, LYPA1, U520, TIPRL, OFD1, WDHD1, CD123, EIF3G, PSD10, SPF27, CIAO1, RMP, TOX4, SC24D, ST65G, UBXN7, PLPHP, NFAT5, SOGA1, UBP19, WDR47, SC31A, HEXI1, UBR5, SCAF4, UBE4B, ELP1, ZRAB2, KIF4A, VAPB, SNAPN, 6PGL, SMC2, IPO7, AGM1, ZFYV9, SVIL, BAG4, AHSA1, PARN, PSMG1, SC24A, SC24B, AGRL2, TYDP2, PCNT, YETS4, STABP, ASML, EYA4, CEP43, HS74L, WIZ, STAU1, BAG2, BAG3, BPNT1, ECD, MBD3, BCL10, MOC2B, TOM40, CHK2, GSHR, PNPH, HPRT, ADA, CYTB, OAT, KITH, CPNS1, P53, HSPB1, TYSY, RPN1, RLA1, JUN, LA, NPM, NFL, NFM, ANXA2, SYEP, HS90A, HNRPC, SP1, 4F2, HS90B, ASNS, VIME, GSTP1, LEG1, HMGB1, UCHL1, LKHA4, H2A1, UBC, GLI2, ODP2, LAMP1, G6PD, ADHX, CDK4, SRF, PCNA, HARS1, ADT3, IMDH2, ACTN1, PEPD, XRCC5, LAMP2, RINI, EF2, PLST, ACPH, KAP2, CD99, GLU2B, AK1A1, KPYM, PO2F1, SYDC, ALDR, ERF3A, GNS, ZEP1, DESP, CREB1, GCFC2, UBF1, ATF7, CAN2, PYRG1, TCPA, SON, NELFE, ATF1, NFKB1, ICAL, IMDH1, GSTM3, FLNA, COMT, FBRL, PUR2, PUR6, UBA1, ENPP1, CBL, SP100, NFYA, SAHH, COF1, TENA, THTM, RS12, DNJB1, PSA4, DNMT1, RAE2, PTBP1, SYTC, 1433T, RFA1, APEX1, PYR1, MAP4, CALX, PSA5, NDUS1, TPP2, SHC1, TKT, PML, MARCS, PRDX6, PRDX5, PRDX3, KCY, 2AAA, 2AAB, CDC27, NMT1, SDHA, GDIA, METK2, DNJA1, AKT1, PUR9, HNRH1, S10AB, ARRB2, DCTD, TF2H1, KINH, CSTF2, DUT, TTK, PROF2, CAH8, RFC4, RFC2, HXD13, MYH9, MYH10, ADDA, BASI, NU214, DEK, MYH11, PPM1A, PRS7, ARL3, MP2K2, RL4, 8ODP, NUP62, ZEB1, TAGL2, COIL, VATA, GRP75, TXLNA, STAT3, PEX19, RFC5, RFC3, IF2G, NAA10, KDM5C, CSK, GARS, SYIC, LAP2A, LAP2B, STAT1, EPS15, CASP3, LPPRC, HD, MSH2, GPDM, RANG, VDAC2, CBX5, UBP5, MK09, KI67, RECQ1, ATRX, CRKL, RL21, MAP1B, IQGA1, GLYG, SYQ, ID4, TISD, PPCE, RFX5, GSH0, PRC2A, NEST, RPIA, NASP, FAS, ARRB1, CENPF, SRP09, PCY1A, SYAC, SYSC, PSB2, ACOT2, RBM25, NUMB, NU153, RBP2, GUAA, MRE11, SERPH, PDLI4, VASP, MAP2, LRBA, TCPD, FXR1, FXR2, RAB5C, DUS3, GALK1, HCFC1, IRAK1, UBP11, HDGF, ROA3, 6PGD, IMA1, GDS1, GDIR1, AGFG1, HNRPF, TF2AA, MSH6, KIF11, ZN143, HXK2, THOP1, NUP98, BIEA, PPP5, ARFP2, NUBP1, ACLY, COPB, CCHL, ICLN, SYRC, SYYC, AAPK2, BCAT1, RD23B, KAD2, P5CS, IF5, XPO2, TERA, AFAD, AF17, ADK, DSRAD, PKNX1, ALR, HNRH2, EIF3B, BID, RRP1, IF6, GEMI4, EPIPL, MTPN, TPIS, EIF3E, MYL6, ACTB, IF4A1, RS20, PRPS1, S10AA, DEST, CSN2, ABCE1, RS3A, PSME3, MGN, PFD3, HNRPK, PP1A, RS15A, RUXF, PPIA, RS27A, AP2B1, 1433Z, DYL1, SKP1, IF5A1, RACK1, UBC9, UB2L3, ACTS, CSK21, PA1B2, IGBP1, IF4G2, GTF2I, PI42B, TCPB, RAE1L, GSTO1, PRKDC, TMF1, RL19, SRSF3, MXRA7, FOXK1, XIAP, TFAM, VIGLN, PURA, BORG5, CLH1, NFKB2, U2AF1, FOXK2, AMPD2, NC2B, TFAP4, OTUD4, EWS, CDR2, TOP2B, AKA12, KMT2A, UBXN1, IF4G1, K1C17, LGUL, REL, 1433F, UBE3A, PTN12, SRS11, CALD1, PTN11, PUR1, GFPT1, PSME1, GABPA, RING1, FMR1, KHDR1, KLC1, SRSF1, DHX9, GOGA2, LG3BP, SSRP1, VAC14, NSUN2, RBBP4, NCBP1, AHNK, HSP7E, SCRN1, NU160, FOXO1, TBL3, TFCP2, GRSF1, SFSWA, TP53B, ILF3, ELAV2, TRAP1, FOXC1, TAF10, NFAC3, CSTF3, UBP4, CAF1A, RED, MTAP, LIPA1, FADD, PRDX4, CBX3, STK3, PSMD2, SBP1, SRSF6, TIF1B, PABP4, IFIT5, PHLP, UB2V1, DC1I2, PPIG, TCOF, GOGA4, FKBP5, GAB1, 4EBP1, 4EBP2, RIPK1, HDAC1, KCC2B, DCTN2, ULA1, SNW1, SNX1, PWP1, CUL2, DYR1A, AAMP, DX39B, BLMH, CKAP5, DAG1, BOP1, UBE4A, KEAP1, SAFB2, UBP2L, SCRIB, TTL12, DPOA2, WRN, DPYL3, DYHC1, NPAT, SRC8, TRI25, FLNC, FRG1, CAPR1, SLBP, MCM6, PUM1, MDC1, SMC1A, RRP1B, NCOA6, UBP10, 2A5D, MEF2D, CHD4, NFAC4, ZN638, IMB1, NUMA1, NAA25, CND2, FL2D, CND1, EXOS7, U5S1, R3HD1, RB3GP, SETB1, RRS1, WDR43, PLEC, PCM1, IPYR, TEBP, NONO, RBBP5, L2GL1, PCBP1, ELOB, SF3B3, CNN3, KS6A1, SAFB1, SF3B4, SC23A, SF3A1, SKI2, TCEA2, NCOA2, TSN, TRBP2, SF01, PCH2, MED1, TRIP6, ELAV1, ELF2, TAB1, AAAT, SMAD2, TBCE, ZYX, ADRM1, UAP1, E2F4, AINX, DDB1, CDC37, RBBP7, SMN, DREB, NRF1, KNOP1, HNRL2, INF2, PDS5A, QSER1, CL16A, ERC6L, IAH1, QRIC1, CTU2, LRRF1, RA1L2, RPA43, MA7D1, RABL6, CE022, VP26B, LARP7, ARI4B, ZNG1F, BCL7A, PDCD4, CRTC2, H1BP3, Q59GF8, ZN326, RIPL1, PP6R3, SH319, WDR44, PRC2B, SYAM, DOP1, SMAG2, TBCEL, TDIF2, EXOS6, CE170, CHCH9, FKB15, ZC3HD, GPTC4, LRIF1, RBM20, UBR4, BEND3, UBAP2, RBM26, TUT4, ATPF1, DDI2, NT5D1, LYRM7, RIF1, CE350, RPRD2, ANGE2, BRE1A, MYOME, ZN318, ECM29, ZMYM4, FHI2A, K2C79, LAR1B, MAP1S, AR6P4, KAZRN, ARID2, INT3, CDCA2, C19L1, PDPK2, HEAT6, WWC2, CARL2, CPIN1, SMYD5, OTU7B, ELP2, CNDH2, SDE2, LIN54, IPP2B, ANR54, JMJD6, PPR18, ZCHC8, PMF1, F117B, C2D1A, MET2B, ZN529, EDC4, CEP85, SCYL2, TTC27, WDR73, NFRKB, RSBNL, AAGAB, TTC33, FIGL1, MDEAS, BRAT1, ZC3HE, LARP1, BL1S3, C1TM, AFTIN, FIP1, CRTC1, SAS6, MCAF1, RBP10, BCOR, RFIP1, CA122, YJ005, UBN2, STXB4, LARP4, NOL8, SND1, DDX46, RUFY3, TM10C, EIF3M, CD37L, CSN6, KDM3B, ZCCHV, EFL1, NUP54, POGZ, ZFY16, MON2, MAVS, CLAP1, HAUS6, HEAT3, HDGR2, EMSY, RAI1, WAPL, R3HCL, RBBP6, CE024, SH3R1, HUWE1, CNTRL, UB2Q1, CK096, PRUN1, YRDC, ZN546, UBP48, LUZP1, ZCH18, CAND1, GLCI1, HOOK3, PARG, CCD25, CDR2L, NIT1, PRSR1, SPAS2, HOME1, P66A, C2CD5, I2BP1, KCC1D, CRLF3, PLD3, VRK3, NUDC3, ARI3B, CEP97, MA7D3, CC117, NXP20, MGAP, ANKH1, SUGP1, SUGP2, CCAR1, SKA3, PHC2, BAP18, RB12B, SPB1, SRRM1, DI3L2, ZZZ3, CA174, P20D2, PHAR4, TRM2A, DCP1B, PELP1, TTC5, CCAR2, NUP93, LRC47, MTURN, MILK1, STAG2, FNBP4, KIF2B, MIA40, OXR1, ZGPAT, TAB3, RM50, ZC3H8, KKCC1, OTU6B, CA052, EFNMT, UBR7, CE112, PTGR2, RM43, JMY, ZIC4, ASCC1, BANP, EIF1A, ANR52, SPAT5, NHLC2, ATAD1, SERB1, NF2IP, RN169, LS14A, SLAI1, TNR6A, PHC3, SIMC1, ABCF1, DDHD1, KMT2C, BD1L1, NUP35, GRPE2, CX038, FBX30, PI42C, CIP2A, ZN507, C99L2, NEK9, BL1S5, GEMI5, PARD3, IPO4, PP4R1, ZN384, SETD7, ZC3HF, PPIL4, CCD12, NU133, PDC6I, CHAC2, ZFN2B, LEO1, HNRLL, UBCP1, TRUB1, CKAP2, ATX2L, PALLD, SREK1, GEMI6, SRS12, P66B, DNJC9, BBX, PPM1E, DGCR8, IRGQ, DDX1, RTF1, TOPB1, WASF1, TSC1, UBXN4, PHF3, MAML1, NDRG1, HS105, SEPT8, LAR4B, GCN1, NU205, ANS1A, PGTA, TFG, ARC1A, HDAC2, TANK, RAD50, CELF1, ARHG1, CSN5, GPKOW, SMRC1, FUBP2, TNPO1, ARHG2, GLMN, UBP7, LPP, TCAL3, TSR2, RIFK, RRF2M, MRTFA, GTPB3, FAKD4, CPNE4, SYAP1, R51A1, CR025, PF21A, RNF25, OTUL, UPP, PTER, ATG2B, EFHD2, CSTOS, DCPS, PP14B, ENTR1, COAC, FWCH2, KCD12, CMBL, ATG4C, RMXL1, SIR1, T3HPD, SGTB, TMA16, MMAB, CYFP2, NRBF2, CCD97, EDC3, THOC1, OTUB1, HMCES, DUS3L, NUD11, OTUD5, LTV1, A7L3B, GWL, MTNB, LIN37, ERO1A, MED30, NAF1, PGAM5, SCLY, FUBP3, NSL1, PAWR, MPP4, ZFP91, UBP47, TOPK, ZFR, EP400, SNX27, Q96LS1, RNPC3, AP4AT, ZN583, SCLT1, RPR1A, IPO9, RBM14, QKI, F193B, PUS7, KI20B, RAB3I, VPS35, PURB, SPAG5, NACC1, PASK, CIC, KKCC2, NUDC1, UBP28, WRIP1, RANB9, SRPK1, CK5P2, SIN3A, INT14, AEDO, MINT, MMS19, UHRF1, TBCB, CNN2, RING2, EYA3, LGMN, NUP88, SCAFB, EIF3C, TTC1, DNJC7, KIF2C, HCD2, SNAG, TS101, CPNE1, HAUS7, ANM1, H2B1L, BAG1, SH3G1, AKAP9, CND3, F118B, GRWD1, MACD1, MEP50, FYCO1, CPPED, CG050, LZTS2, PDD2L, GPTC1, LLPH, SLD5, PSF3, CENPK, NTPCR, TACO1, ESYT1, UBAC1, CCM2, PSMG3, WAC, RBM42, MCMBP, AN32E, TBCD, HGH1, MMTA2, DOHH, SPNDC, PAXX, MSTO1, TCAB1, CA050, WDR18, THUM3, NTM1A, ASHWN, PBDC1, UT14A, NUP58, DPCD, GNL3, NUP85, RPAP1, NADAP, OSB11, NAA15, ITPA, GNB1L, MK67I, YTHD1, STK33, SETD2, ASPC1, UCK2, API5, UNK, TB182, UBE2O, CEP44, PITH1, SENP6, EGLN1, PIP30, MFR1L, PAIP1, CLPB, KLC2, ILKAP, XRN2, BRD8, NSRP1, CSTFT, HDHD2, SIL1, APC1, I2BPL, ASCC2, RBGPR, PININ, CPVL, BOLA2, GCP60, PTN23, UN45A, DSN1, IFG15, WNK1, AMPB, SMRCD, HEAT1, RABE2, CCD86, NOL6, WDCP, YTDC2, RPAP3, WDR55, RANB3, DCTP1, PEAK1, WDR26, SFR19, PHAX, NOL11, MINY3, GORS2, QTRT2, ARMT1, CNO10, EHMT1, VP37B, RM44, CSN7B, NHEJ1, NJMU, PKHA5, XPO5, CYBP, RRAGC, PATZ1, EMAL4, GLOD4, GPBL1, NCOA5, TNR6C, ZDBF2, GOPC, SYSM, INO1, BRD7, DCP1A, MED4, RIC8A, TIGAR, COPRS, HINT3, RRAGD, PFD4, AVEN, EXOS5, EXOS3, ANLN, XPP1, BIRC6, DDX21, SHLB2, EI2BG, MBNL1, CHRC1, AAAS, YAE1, STRN4, PNO1, LANC2, KIF15, RAD18, SYIM, KLC4, ATG3, OLA1, ZF64B, RBM12, PDRG1, STAU2, LIN7C, TXLNG, MRGBP, SEP11, TBC13, ASF1B, KTU, PNPO, NECP2, BSDC1, MED9, F118A, CZIB, BABA1, UCKL1, NHP2, OCAD1, LYAR, MED29, THUM1, TRM1, NDE1, CARF, PP4R2, AATF, TE2IP, HXC10, BCLF1, TMOD3, MS18A, GTSE1, UBAP1, GGA3, F120A, UBIP1, COQ3, HPBP1, ITSN2, CNOT2, OGFR, PALS2, CHMP5, NDUF4, RAI14, RPA12, PHRF1, VPS18, RCC2, RELCH, JCAD, SLAI2, BCCIP, STK26, CT2NL, CPSF2, SYLC, KANL3, ATX10, NCDN, SAE1, RBX2, PI4KB, ASH2L, HDAC6, EIF3K, RNF14, SAE2, PEF1, CSN7A, MALT1, DAXX, STK39, CGBP1, TES, SRGEF, LIMD1, NDRG3, LIMA1, SEPT9, UBQL2, DDX20, BI2L1, S30BP, GPN3, NRBP, VATH, IPO11, TR112, SIX4, DBNL, GGA2, GGA1, STML2, DBR1, AKA11, CPSF3, DP13A, RCOR1, TF3C4, ACINU, NUP50, ZHX1, BAG5, RAB21, ZN346, MCTS1, MRTFB, YETS2, HECD1, ZMYD8, CIZ1, COR1C, TPX2, DD19B, NFU1, PRP19, UBQL1, SNX12, SYNRG, VPS4A, CHIP, SNX6, PSD13, FAF1, CSN3, SCAF8, PP6R1, ANR26, UBP22, UBP24, DICER, HPS5, SRRM2, SCML2, EIF3L, PLAP, RUVB1, NUDC, VDAC3, ASF1A, DRG1, NCKP1, ICE1, R3HD2, CHSP1, NOP58, ZN281, SGT1, AAR2, NOSIP, SHLB1, LC7L2, SF3B6, ORN, RRP15, NOP16, UFC1, HDGR3, STRAP, RBGP1, ZN330, R3HC1, CCDC9, SAMH1, SALL2, ARIP4, KDM3A, RBM19, PLXD1, WAC2C, UBP15, IRS2, ATG4B, WIPI2, LAS1L, ARI1, PRC2C, PPME1, SP16H, CD2AP, SNX5, COPG1, TACC3, STK24, DC1L1, NEMO, NCOA3, M3K4, WASF2, SCC4, ZHX2, S23IP
Species: Homo sapiens
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