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Hou C, Zhang H, Deng J, Wang X, Byers S, Levi M, Pak DTS, Moremen KW, Pei H, Hart GW, Ma J. Comprehensive Evaluation of Cleavable Bioorthogonal Probes for Site-Specific O-GlcNAc Proteomics. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 2025 24(10) 40885482
Abstract:
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification (i.e., O-GlcNAcylation) on proteins is an essential modification in physiology and pathology. Although O-GlcNAcylation is functionally critical, its analysis has been challenging. Despite the existence of a number of methods developed in the past years, which one(s) might have the best performance is largely unclear. To that end, we conducted a rigorous comparison of several cleavable bioorthogonal biotin-alkyne probes which showed promise for sensitive O-GlcNAc proteomics. In brief, we developed chemoenzymatic labeling/click chemistry-based analytical workflows for O-GlcNAc proteomics by utilizing four cleavable bioorthogonal probes, including photocleavabe-biotin-alkyne (PC-biotin-alkyne), dialkoxydiphenylsilane-biotin-alkyne (DADPS-biotin-alkyne); 1-(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohex-1-ylidene)ethyl-biotin-alkyne (Dde-biotin-alkyne), and diazobenzene-biotin-alkyne (Diazo-biotin-alkyne). The analytical performance of these probes was evaluated with synthetic O-GlcNAc peptides and then benchmarked by using mouse brain lysates for O-GlcNAc proteomics. Besides providing valuable technical insights into O-GlcNAc proteomics methods, our work yielded an unprecedented O-GlcNAc proteome depth in the mouse brain. In total, 2906 O-GlcNAc sites were unambiguously assigned on 878 proteins. Among them, 1611 sites were newly identified, including 138 O-GlcNAcylated tyrosine residues. Our work will help guide the selection/development of O-GlcNAc proteomics methods for future studies, provide an invaluable resource for functional elucidation of protein O-GlcNAcylation in brain biology, and yield critical insights into tyrosine O-GlcNAcylation.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
QSER1, TANC2, ZEP3, MA7D2, CKAP5, AMRA1, CAMP1, LZTS3, AJM1, MA7D1, FRPD1, RPGP1, UBR4, SKT, BCORL, AGRIN, TITIN, SVEP1, ARI1A, SPAS1, PHRF1, PTPRS, SCN2A, DLGP4, EP300, RBM25, ILDR2, CTTB2, PTPRZ, NLRC5, CCDC6, SHAN1, SET1A, PARP4, PRR12, TENS1, I2BP2, AKP13, C2CD2, ARI1B, ZC3HD, ARID2, NUMA1, PDZD7, SC16A, SYGP1, TPR, BICRA, SI1L3, PLGT3, DPYL2, EMD, STXB1, AKAP1, CLOCK, DCTN1, NUMBL, DBIL5, SYPL1, M3K5, SCRB2, ATN1, NOTC2, VIAAT, HAP1, CTND2, PITM1, OX2G, REPS1, AKAP2, ACK1, CNTP1, CAC1B, SYUA, PI51C, ATX2, E41L2, PDLI1, ULK1, UBR1, HCN4, KDM6A, ZN106, PDE8A, PPT1, ZFR, HCN2, HCN1, CTBP1, BSN, TOM1, AKA10, HIPK1, SYN1, LGMN, TPP1, THY1, LAMC1, MBP, ALDOA, GCR, CATL1, EGR1, HCK, ENPL, KCC4, NFL, NFM, ITB1, RC3H2, MAMD1, ATX1L, CATB, TAU, LAMP1, DMD, KCC2A, ITPR1, CNTN1, NCAM1, AT1B2, HSPB1, MAP1B, G3P, ATF2, PPIA, CATD, BASI, COF1, NFH, BIP, HEXB, MTAP2, MAG, CYTC, EMB, GRIA1, GRIA2, RS2, RGRF1, KCC2B, PABP1, C5AR1, AIMP1, DPOA2, RAB23, NMDE1, NMDZ1, FMR1, FOXK1, STAT3, EAA2, EGR3, RAD52, ITAV, CBP, AINX, NEDD4, STT3A, RP3A, EPB41, RFX1, SOX2, LMNA, MPIP1, INPP, DHI1, ARSB, VATA, DVL1, ADCY7, DBX1, E41LA, ARNT, SOX1, ATX1, RD23B, 3BP1, AMRP, CX6B1, CTBP2, MAZ, WFS1, PCBP3, PTPA, KCNN2, FOXP1, TB10A, TB182, GMEB2, KCNH8, CAPAM, RHG39, YTHD1, RPC2, PI5PA, MRTFB, DOCK4, IRPL1, MYPR, ABI2, GBB1, RAB3A, VAMP2, KCNA2, KCNJ3, ZHX1, DCC, NFIX, NCOA1, RGRF2, USP9X, TP53B, NACAM, LYAG, IRS2, TNIK, WNK1, G3BP2, ARG28, MPRIP, CAC1A, NPAS2, GRM1, XRN1, SHPS1, NEO1, G3BP1, NFIB, RLA2, GABPA, CBPE, NMDE2, NMDE3, NOTC1, CTNB1, PLAK, S30BP, ZEP1, ENAH, KCNB1, RCN1, PGBM, EMAL1, LG3BP, TLE3, MITF, SSRP1, CHD8, TRIO, TANC1, RELCH, CDK12, MA6D1, F171B, SHRM4, PHAR1, GSK3A, PSD3, MLXIP, NELL1, ESP1, PLBL2, PDLI7, PRC2C, MILK2, YETS2, SRSF6, FUBP2, SRBP2, GSE1, F117B, WDR62, FOXK2, CARL3, DIP2B, WNK2, LIMC1, TNR6C, DAB2P, AGAP2, ZEP2, ZSWM8, AAK1, TEN4, TNR6A, CAMKV, MTCL1, PKHA7, COBL1, GRIN1, PRRC1, MINY4, FCHO2, SNX21, LIGO2, MRCKA, KSR2, GRM5, ARMX5, ELAP2, GARL3, 5NTC, PACS2, STOX2, UBN1, ABL2, OXR1, DSCL1, CDV3, PHAR4, ANR28, LRC47, SRRM1, EME2, LIN54, TAB3, STB5L, NEXMI, JCAD, NYNRI, NUFP2, UNKL, PRSR1, OSBP2, SMG7, LRRK2, RBM27, PHF12, CYFP2, TM1L2, ANR40, CCD42, SYNRG, RPGP2, NACAD, LHPL4, EPAB2, LMTK3, SIN3A, SRC8, ICAM5, LAMA2, ITF2, CAPR1, NCOR1, FOXG1, LAMA5, NCOA2, LAMC2, IL18R, NAB1, ASTN1, SPIN1, PAPOA, HCFC1, SAP, NELL2, APC, PGCB, ZN638, AP180, FXR1, GRID2, GRID1, PACN1, HIRA, RAI1, MAFK, NPM, NOTC3, CSPG2, M3K7, DAG1, RO52, SN, SPTB2, TAF6, SPEG, ASPP1, SRBS1, DBNL, SH3G1, TLE4, SP4, IF4G2, MINT, ZYX, OMGP, MEF2D, TFE3, PAN3, HECAM, SF01, SYN2, TBR1, DHSO, CGT, CH058, SBNO1, CRTC1, BEGIN, K1549, GIT1, SLAI1, PKP4, SYMC, CDK13, GBA2, SH3R1, PREX1, JHD2C, HECD1, MOR2A, ABLM3, TBC12, ARMX2, CE170, LAR4B, RHG21, HELZ, MEG10, SCAF8, LIGO3, ZZZ3, F135A, FBX41, SPKAP, RPRD2, WWC2, ZN532, DPP10, TAF9B, S23IP, IF4G1, RBM26, NSD3, SNX19, FHOD1, FKB15, MTSS2, BCR, AHDC1, AAKB2, PTN23, LPPRC, PAPD7, MFF, PIGS, TRAK1, PHLB1, KMT2D, RN220, DLGP3, RA54B, GMIP, WASC2, ERC2, KCC2D, NFRKB, ALEX, MAGI1, CENPE, DNMBP, GGYF2, TEX2, PF21A, KDM3B, FNBP4, CNOT1, LARP1, NU188, SYNE1, IF2A, UB2R2, CMYA5, SEM6D, SOX11, ASAP2, HUWE1, SMAP2, PLPR3, PRC2B, C2CD5, TPPP, MACOI, AMPH, ATX2L, PRC2A, TMM94, PP6R1, MAP6, MCAF1, DAAF9, SI1L2, LRRC7, ERBIN, PHF24, R3HD2, NAV3, AGRL1, DEND, AUXI, RERE, SNPH, MADD, RIMB2, PUM1, NU214, SEPT9, SESD1, CBPM, SRA1, EPN1, AKNA, HYDIN, UBN2, AGFG2, CHST2, T106B, C2C2L, REPS2, WNK3, DDHD1, CNKR2, BCAS1, ZN598, SHAN2, PKHL1, S2611, ZFYV1, NRCAM, DLG1, MAST4, RHG32, GPHB5, RN214, LPP, MYPT2, TB10B, CSTP1, SP130, ZC3HE, DLGP2, ZC21A, ZNT6, SUN2, EME1, TNR6B, BAIP2, ABLM2, NCEH1, LRFN3, SHC2, SEN34, FAT3, DMXL2, GORAB, CLAP2, K1671, FAKD3, LIPA2, CNOT4, RALYL, SRRM2, TOX4, PAMR1, F163B, GEPH, CREST, KCC1D, GRIN3, LARP4, Z385B, IFFO1, OSBL6, CC169, TENR, YTHD3, STON2, TM266, POGZ, DOC10, ZHX2, EPC2, SWAHC, ZHX3, SI1L1, SH3R3, FRS2, RBM14, CNOT2, MOR2B, HYCC2, ANK2, ELFN1, TM163, DIDO1, SMAG1, SYNPO, BCAS3, VCIP1, BAKOR, TAB1, SCYL2, NED4L, MEF2C, ASPP2, TENS2, F193A, OGT1, CHERP, NAV1, SYNJ1, RPGF2, EP400, PHC3, DPYD, VP37A, EPN2, P66A, PDLI5, ANM5, DOCK3, PLXB1, DNER, SPAT2, SCAM1, SAM14, ZBT20, PHYIP, RTN1, HS12A, C2D1A, UNC5A, PACS1, TRI68, BRD3, LS14A, AGFG1, MATR3, DEN1A, I2BPL, PO121, ABLM1, MRTFA, RPTOR, PLCE1, SPNS1, CACL1, KCNC4, DC1L1, MTSS1, SPART, LRC42, ZN445, RFIP5, IGSF8, BRD8, WIPI1, CDK8, PP6R2, SHLB2, CS047, NTNG2, PP14C, STAB2, LUZP1, RBM12, STAB1, OTU7A, SC6A8, ULA1, CLPT1, MAVS, GRAP1, SGIP1, PI3R4, PHIP, SIR2, GOLI, AMOT, AGAP3, WASF3, P66B, CCG8, TAF9, ZCH14, MCR, SFPQ, WDR13, UBAP2, SMAP1, NCOA5, CXXC5, FRS3, SPS2L, FUBP1, SH319, ZFN2B, VPS36, DLG2, DYH8, DCP1A, YTHD2, PTBP2, SRGP2, SRGP1, BMP2K, DYST, LRP1, SYUB, ALS2, TRFE, GPS2, CLIP1, WAC, SPRE1, MED1, NRBP, NPTXR, GGT7, GORS2, NONO, TAB2, DPP3, EPN4, RNF34, GAK, DDAH2, ZN281, HGS, RB6I2, RIMS1, ANR17, RTN4, RRBP1, ZN318, TRI33, MZT2, PCYOX, NECP1, FLIP1, NRX1A, SNX2, DDAH1, YIF1B, NOPC1, CYGB, GFOD2, TPD54, CEP97, CD37L, SSBP3, SARNP, SP2, UB2V2, DLGP1, NDUV2, SH24A, FIP1, ST1C2, F135B, TM263, CNPY3, RM12, BTBDH, AL7A1, PLIN3, MYPT1, LNEBL, DCAF6, KC1D, CRIP2, TSC1, NBEA, TCF20, CPSF1, DPYL5, RIMS2, ZN704, RBP2, RTN3, SPN90, SP6, GILT, CLD12, ELF2, TSSC4, LRP1B, NUDT3, CATR, PPR3F, NUP50, TULP4, ORC3, ATR, HYOU1, ADRM1, FMN2, NCOA6, BAG3, MINK1, ZN207, PHC2, SRCN1, ASAP1, SON, SALL2, LIMD1, TBL1X, APBB1, PLEC, MACF1, ULK2, ADDB, ADDA, PCX1, GOGA5, NDRG2, MAGD1, MAP1A, QKI, PCLO, GAB1, MAGL2, FBX6, NPAS3, HIPK2, SH2D3, CATJ, YLPM1, CELR2, RHG07, GUAD, FOXO1, TAGL3, ADA22, AKA12, TEN1, TEN3, NCOR2, ATRN, COR1B, SR5A3, GANP, NFAT5, ASAH1, GSK3B, DEMA, E41L3, CARM1, JIP1, KCNH3, MAGI2, FXR2, SYUG, CLIP2, PALM, ITSN1, ITSN2, ZO2, DYR1B, APCL, BAG6, DPP6, MTMR1, MECP2, SE1L1, E41L1, GRIA3, HOME1
Species: Mus musculus
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Shi Q, Shen Q, Liu Y, Shi Y, Huang W, Wang X, Li Z, Chai Y, Wang H, Hu X, Li N, Zhang Q, Cao X. Increased glucose metabolism in TAMs fuels O-GlcNAcylation of lysosomal Cathepsin B to promote cancer metastasis and chemoresistance. Cancer cell 2022 40(10) 36084651
Abstract:
How glucose metabolism remodels pro-tumor functions of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) needs further investigation. Here we show that M2-like TAMs bear the highest individual capacity to take up intratumoral glucose. Their increased glucose uptake fuels hexosamine biosynthetic pathway-dependent O-GlcNAcylation to promote cancer metastasis and chemoresistance. Glucose metabolism promotes O-GlcNAcylation of the lysosome-encapsulated protease Cathepsin B at serine 210, mediated by lysosome-localized O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), elevating mature Cathepsin B in macrophages and its secretion in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Loss of OGT in macrophages reduces O-GlcNAcylation and mature Cathepsin B in the TME and disrupts cancer metastasis and chemoresistance. Human TAMs with high OGT are positively correlated with Cathepsin B expression, and both levels predict chemotherapy response and prognosis of individuals with cancer. Our study reports the biological and potential clinical significance of glucose metabolism in tumor-promoting TAMs and reveals insights into the underlying mechanisms.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
ZEP3, HIPK1, CATB, PO2F1, RS2, PLIN2, MRTFB, H4, ZEP1, MLXIP, TNR6C, PHAR4, HCFC1, RHG30, U520, NFRKB, UBN2, SRRM2, RHD, BCOR, P66A, IP3KA, DOCK6, PLIN3, XRN2, ELF2, LRP1B, LIMD1
Species: Mus musculus
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Deracinois B, Camoin L, Lambert M, Boyer JB, Dupont E, Bastide B, Cieniewski-Bernard C. O-GlcNAcylation site mapping by (azide-alkyne) click chemistry and mass spectrometry following intensive fractionation of skeletal muscle cells proteins. Journal of proteomics 2018 186 30016717
Abstract:
The O-linked-N-acetyl-d-glucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) modulates numerous aspects of cellular processes. Akin to phosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation is highly dynamic, reversible, and responds rapidly to extracellular demand. Despite the absolute necessity to determine post-translational sites to fully understand the role of O-GlcNAcylation, it remains a high challenge for the major reason that unmodified proteins are in excess comparing to the O-GlcNAcylated ones. Based on a click chemistry approach, O-GlcNAcylated proteins were labelled with azido-GalNAc and coupled to agarose beads. The proteome extracted from C2C12 myotubes was submitted to an intensive fractionation prior to azide-alkyne click chemistry. This combination of fractionation and click chemistry is a powerful methodology to map O-GlcNAc sites; indeed, 342 proteins were identified through the identification of 620 peptides containing one or more O-GlcNAc sites. We localized O-GlcNAc sites on proteins involved in signalling pathways or in protein modification, as well as structural proteins. Considering the recent role of O-GlcNAcylation in the modulation of sarcomere morphometry and interaction between key structural protein, we focused on proteins involved in the cytoarchitecture of skeletal muscle cells. In particular, several O-GlcNAc sites were located into protein-protein interaction domains, suggesting that O-GlcNAcylation could be strongly involved in the organization and reorganization of sarcomere and myofibrils.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
A2A7H5, MYOM3, CKAP5, BRWD3, A2AIR2, DCA10, A2AMY5, B1AXE9, B1AXR5, B1B0C9, B2RXQ9, B7ZC18, B8JJB2, D3YU08, D3YUW7, D3YVS1, D3YYR9, D3Z216, D3Z2W0, D3Z4C0, D3Z589, D3Z6H5, D3Z7Q3, D6RH90, D6RHQ6, E0CYM1, E9Q016, I2BP2, E9Q3W4, KIF23, E9Q616, E9Q6A3, E9Q6Q2, E9Q8K5, E9Q9Q7, E9QKG6, E9QNY8, E9QQ33, F6T0L5, F6UTU1, F6V513, F6WNS2, F6YRR2, F7AWU3, F7C957, F7D291, F8VQK3, F8WGN6, F8WIT2, G3UYW7, G3UZ19, G3X9H7, G3XA78, G5E8J9, H3BK97, CELR1, LNX1, PDLI1, UBB, HSPB1, VIME, CRYAB, CRYAA, TNR6, TLN1, DESM, AIMP1, RAB6A, FOXK1, CNR1, WN10B, LMNA, LIMK1, MRTFB, ACTB, HSP7C, IPKA, ACTC, RGRF2, MYBPH, NACAM, WNK1, STAC, CADH6, G3BP2, G3BP1, NOTC1, ENAH, NF1, INF2, Q3TBU7, MILK2, FOXK2, FCSD2, HERC2, TRI67, TAB3, FBXL7, MYPN, ICEF1, Q5SQY9, TLL1, SRBS1, DBNL, SH3G1, ZYX, M3K10, SH3R1, NCK5L, HYCCI, WDFY3, AKIB1, FHOD3, SI1L2, PKHH1, CYLD, DCAF1, TCPR1, DAPK1, MYPT2, CNOT4, Q8BUJ6, KANK2, IFFO1, ANKK1, VCIP1, CBPC2, TAB1, ASPP2, PDLI5, PP14C, KLH20, MARK1, SYNP2, UBP26, FLIP1, TX1B3, MYPT1, SYNCI, LIMA1, RBP2, ADRM1, BAG3, LIMD1, MACF1, Q9Z1A1
Species: Mus musculus
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Qin K, Zhu Y, Qin W, Gao J, Shao X, Wang YL, Zhou W, Wang C, Chen X. Quantitative Profiling of Protein O-GlcNAcylation Sites by an Isotope-Tagged Cleavable Linker. ACS chemical biology 2018 13(8) 30059200
Abstract:
Large-scale quantification of protein O-linked β- N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in a site-specific manner remains a key challenge in studying O-GlcNAc biology. Herein, we developed an isotope-tagged cleavable linker (isoTCL) strategy, which enabled isotopic labeling of O-GlcNAc through bioorthogonal conjugation of affinity tags. We demonstrated the application of the isoTCL in mapping and quantification of O-GlcNAcylation sites in HeLa cells. Furthermore, we investigated the O-GlcNAcylation sensitivity to the sugar donor by quantifying the levels of modification under different concentrations of the O-GlcNAc labeling probe in a site-specific manner. In addition, we applied isoTCL to compare the O-GlcNAcylation stoichiometry levels of more than 100 modification sites between placenta samples from male and female mice and confirmed site-specifically that female placenta has a higher O-GlcNAcylation than its male counterpart. The isoTCL platform provides a powerful tool for quantitative profiling of O-GlcNAc modification.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
A0A0A6YVU8, A0A1B0GSG7, RBM47, ZN335, A2A8N0, SBNO1, CNOT1, PHRF1, ZN462, TAGAP, D3YUK0, E9PUR0, E9PVW1, E9PWI7, PARP4, E9PZS2, E9Q2C0, NU153, E9Q616, BD1L1, E9Q732, ARHG5, E9Q7N9, E9Q842, E9Q9B4, E9Q9Q2, E9QA22, E9QAE1, F6Y6L6, F8VQ29, F8VQM5, J9JI28, PDLI1, SPT5H, TAF4, ARI1A, ABLM1, KMT2D, MYPT1, ZN609, SET1A, SYNEM, PUR4, TNC18, KDM6A, DPOD2, M3K7, TPD54, SYNJ1, ZN207, SRPK2, ACK1, SYUA, MYPT2, KIF1B, HBP1, OGA, VINEX, PLIN3, MAFK, BRD4, PDLI1, KDM6A, SRPK1, N4BP1, ANR17, NCOR1, CREG1, CRTAP, MYO1A, MTR1L, CREG1, TOX4, SUN1, M3K6, PSMG1, SC24B, CNOT4, ABL1, ABL1, EGFR, LAMC1, LMNA, GBA1, GCR, HSPB1, PPBT, RLA2, ITB1, K1C18, K2C8, SAP, CATL1, LAMB1, ENPL, BGLR, NFIC, VIME, SNRPA, ROA1, ATX1L, TGAP1, GLI2, HLAC, CATB, TAU, BIP, FINC, K2C8, TPR, MSH3, ENPL, PO2F1, ATF2, GNS, ZEP1, RS2, MUC1, JUNB, ATF7, CATD, SON, SERPH, NELFE, BIP, ROA2, CBL, IF4B, APC, ARNT, MAP4, TEAD1, RXRA, RXRB, RXRG, CLIP1, AIMP1, HXA11, ELF1, NU214, MP2K2, VATA, CUX1, PBX2, MLH1, STAT3, SSRB, KI67, STT3A, RFX5, LMNA, DPOD2, PAXI, CDK8, YLPM1, NU153, RBP2, TAF6, EMD, PPT1, FXR1, ICAL, AGFG1, NUP98, ATX1, ATN1, PTN5, AF17, DSRAD, AMRP, ACYP2, NU107, ACOT8, S26A1, TB182, YTHD1, ASXL1, PI5PA, RIN3, MRTFB, RL37, KCNA2, RALA, STIM1, PITX1, IF4G2, SRPK2, RENBP, COG7, WNK1, SERF2, RPTN, SPSY, DAB2, RBM10, HNRPU, SPTB2, FOXK2, EWS, MEF2A, SP2, CO7A1, S30BP, NUCB1, ENL, IF4G1, K1C17, TLE4, TOP1, SUH, CBG, ACK1, DEMA, AHNK, FOXO1, TROAP, BPTF, NFIA, ROA0, G3BP1, PABP4, ATM, PICAL, MAMD1, RIPK1, STIM1, MTMR1, CUL4B, ASPP2, KLF5, NFYC, CDK13, VEZF1, DSG2, TRI29, UBP2L, SRC8, PUM1, EPN4, RRP1B, NCOA6, DIP2A, MEF2D, NUMA1, R3HD1, KIF14, EBP, RCN1, KS6A1, RBMS2, TAF1C, NCOA2, SF01, JHD2C, MARE1, ELF2, TAB1, ZFHX3, ZYX, ADRM1, CCDC6, TAF9, STX1A, RFX7, QSER1, QRIC1, PRC2C, PBIP1, GSE1, TNR6A, CEAM5, Q3UKP4, COBL1, ARH40, SC31A, PEG3, SRBS2, Q3UU43, Q3UUE0, F91A1, ARBK2, Q497W2, Q4KL65, PHAR4, EPC2, CRTC2, BCORL, BRD10, TGO1, PRC2B, TOIP1, SPG17, SHRM1, ZN362, LRIF1, RHG21, UBAP2, RBM26, RPRD2, ZN318, NCOR1, LAMA5, HCFC1, P3C2A, SAP, AP180, MAFK, SPTB2, SH3G1, ZYX, TSH3, INADL, WAPL, KAZRN, SBNO1, ARID2, DYH17, SAM9L, CDK13, LAR4B, BICRL, RHG21, HELZ, TTLL5, PANX2, PKHG2, NIPBL, LIN54, F135A, RPRD2, IF4G1, SPIC, SCYL2, NFRKB, INT1, ZN182, UGGG1, MDEAS, ZC3HE, RICTR, FIP1, CRTC3, SAS6, MCAF1, BCOR, GGYF2, NU188, CO039, UBN2, HAKAI, ASXL2, SPT6H, DDX46, KDM3B, PRC2B, OOG2, ZIC5, NRK, POGZ, MAVS, CLAP1, EMSY, I2BP2, SRGP1, SH3R1, HUWE1, YTHD3, NU214, TMC5B, ZN598, TOPRS, SHAN2, Q80ZX0, ZNF18, Q810G1, BCL9L, LUZP1, PRSR1, DDX42, PALB2, P66A, GNS, LPP, TB10B, TGO1, Q8BIB6, ZN771, ZNT6, AAPK2, CNOT4, SP110, IFFO1, YTHD3, NCBP3, DEFI6, RBM14, CNOT2, CABS1, Q8C6L9, TCAL5, TAB1, SCYL2, ASPP2, PHC3, EPN2, PDLI5, I2BP1, RN135, AHNK2, NAV2, MISP, MGAP, ANKH1, PHAR4, XRN1, PELP1, Q8JZK6, Q8K0U8, AGFG1, TXD11, IL23R, ARHG6, SPART, SPICE, NUP93, CLASR, ZN786, SYNPO, FNBP4, ARFG1, ENAH, TNR6A, PHC3, SP20H, NAV1, VP37A, KMT2C, BD1L1, NUP35, STXB6, KNL1, TCAL3, MTSS1, SPART, NUP35, PUM2, STT3B, ALMS1, GEMI5, WIPF2, MAVS, UTP6, PI3R4, AMOT, P66B, STAG1, PCNP, LMO7, ATX2L, CSKI2, P66B, BBX, TITIN, HNMT, UBAP2, DCP1A, NRIF1, SMG7, RTF1, MAML1, ZN592, LAR4B, TAF4B, SHIP1, DDX17, RENT1, GPKOW, FUBP2, LPP, TTC28, PF21A, INT12, RCN3, CERS2, PDLI5, FUBP3, MY15B, ANCHR, CLP1L, Z512B, ZFR, EP400, NOL4L, RBM14, CIC, MED15, PIGS, DCR1C, SIN3A, MINT, EYA3, TEAD3, ATX2, RFC4, DHX58, ANX13, GORS2, TAB2, EPN4, ANR17, DPH2, WAC, DIDO1, YTHD1, AMRA1, TANC1, TXD12, F133B, RBM33, GPI8, Q9D2U0, ZC21B, FUND2, F162A, APMAP, Q9D809, FIP1, CNPY3, Q9DAV5, Q9DB24, ALG2, PLIN3, MYPT1, WWTR1, Q9EQC8, SALL1, RBP2, GILT, MFF, SP130, APC1, I2BPL, RBNS5, EPC1, ADNP, ZN106, TM245, CPVL, PTN23, WNK1, E41L1, ZHX3, ZN335, PKHG2, CCSE2, CQ10B, MLXIP, PKHA5, RC3H2, TAF9B, ZBT20, NCOA5, ZN532, APMAP, HYOU1, ADRM1, GIT2, BAG3, UBN1, PDLI7, DIAP3, RBM12, CARF, ETAA1, HXC10, TAB2, UGGG1, CDK12, ITSN2, CNOT2, TMEM9, DAPLE, NYAP2, KANL3, SON, LIMD1, KI21B, KI21A, PPIE, PCM1, GALK1, MRP5, SE1L1, LIMD1, TCF20, SUN2, AFF4, UBQL2, S30BP, NRBP, SIX4, TASOR, GMEB2, PARP4, NUP50, ZHX1, YETS2, HECD1, SCAF8, SRRM2, SCML2, S22AL, NCOR2, DEMA, POLH, R3HD2, ZN281, FBX7, RPGF2, IRS2, HYOU1, PRC2C, NCOR2, GMEB1, S23IP, SRPK3, SLFN1, VNN1, KLK4, SE1L1, RGS6, E41L1
Species: Mus musculus, Homo sapiens
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Chuh KN, Batt AR, Zaro BW, Darabedian N, Marotta NP, Brennan CK, Amirhekmat A, Pratt MR. The New Chemical Reporter 6-Alkynyl-6-deoxy-GlcNAc Reveals O-GlcNAc Modification of the Apoptotic Caspases That Can Block the Cleavage/Activation of Caspase-8. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2017 139(23) 28528544
Abstract:
O-GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is required for survival in mammalian cells. Genetic and biochemical experiments have found that increased modification inhibits apoptosis in tissues and cell culture and that lowering O-GlcNAcylation induces cell death. However, the molecular mechanisms by which O-GlcNAcylation might inhibit apoptosis are still being elucidated. Here, we first synthesize a new metabolic chemical reporter, 6-Alkynyl-6-deoxy-GlcNAc (6AlkGlcNAc), for the identification of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins. Subsequent characterization of 6AlkGlcNAc shows that this probe is selectively incorporated into O-GlcNAcylated proteins over cell-surface glycoproteins. Using this probe, we discover that the apoptotic caspases are O-GlcNAcylated, which we confirmed using other techniques, raising the possibility that the modification affects their biochemistry. We then demonstrate that changes in the global levels of O-GlcNAcylation result in a converse change in the kinetics of caspase-8 activation during apoptosis. Finally, we show that caspase-8 is modified at residues that can block its cleavage/activation. Our results provide the first evidence that the caspases may be directly affected by O-GlcNAcylation as a potential antiapoptotic mechanism.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
A2A4A6, A2A5R8, GPTC8, SPD2B, A2ACG7, A2AFQ9, A2AFW6, A2AG46, CKAP5, A2AH75, A2AJ72, MA7D1, A2AL12, A2AMW0, A2AMY5, TPX2, PPIG, LAS1L, A5A4Y9, A6PWC3, A6PWK7, UBP36, B1AT03, B1AT82, B1AU75, B2RQG2, OTUD4, B7ZCP4, B7ZP47, D3YUW8, D3YWF6, D3YWK1, D3YX62, SAFB1, D3YXM7, D3YZ06, D3YZP6, D3Z069, D3Z158, D3Z3F8, D3Z6W2, E0CYM1, E9PUH7, E9PVM7, E9PWG6, E9PWV3, E9PWW9, E9PY48, E9PYT3, E9PZM7, E9Q066, E9Q2X6, NU153, E9Q450, E9Q4K7, E9Q4Q2, KIF23, BD1L1, NUMA1, E9Q7M2, E9Q986, E9Q9E1, E9Q9H2, E9QKG3, E9QKG6, E9QKZ2, E9QLA5, E9QP49, E9QP59, E9QPI5, F2Z3X7, F6S5I0, F7AA26, F7BQE4, FARP1, F8VQ93, F8VQC7, F8VQE9, F8VQK5, F8WI30, G3UZ44, G3UZX6, G3X8R0, G3X8Y3, G3X928, G3X963, G3X972, G3X9V0, G5E896, G5E8E1, H3BJU7, H3BK31, H3BKK2, H7BX26, I1E4X0, I7HIK9, J3QNW0, DPYL2, GTPB1, AKAP1, TCOF, AIP, HDAC1, RL21, GSH0, KIF1C, DHX15, SC6A6, IF6, ILK, ATX2, NMT1, E41L2, DHB12, SRPK1, ZN326, ZFR, PARG, SPD2A, SP1, CASP8, HPRT, LDHA, G6PI, TYSY, RIR1, GNAI2, ITB1, 4F2, H2B1F, MAP1B, HMOX1, LEG1, G3P, KS6A3, COF1, GNAO, IFRD1, VIME, UBL4A, CBX3, CXA1, CATA, IMDH2, IL1RA, MCM3, CDK4, NKTR, FKBP4, CBX2, HMGB2, AIMP1, KAP3, MP2K1, SYWC, KIF4, NEDD1, DPOLA, RANG, UBP4, PTN11, RAB18, PTN1, PTN12, LDLR, DNLI1, CAP1, STAT3, STA5B, PURA, ALD2, RAGP1, NEDD4, STT3A, ALDH2, GSHR, GFPT1, PCY1A, MCM4, ICAL, PLCB3, CDN2A, HDGF, UBP10, KPYM, CCHL, IDHP, DDX6, GOGA3, COX17, ACTN4, GCP3, TB182, EIF3E, ABCE1, PFD3, 1433E, RAP1A, RS25, TCTP, DNJA1, HMGB1, IF5A1, RS17, RS12, UB2L3, HXD13, HDAC2, ELAV1, TP53B, CASP3, PYRG1, TCPB, STIM2, SRSF3, CSRP2, SPTC2, BOP1, SMAD4, M4K4, HNRL2, MARK3, LARP7, CNN2, PP4R2, PEPD, CDCA2, Q3TFP0, GUAA, PDE12, Q3TL72, PRC2C, NOL9, FUBP2, TRADD, CTU2, ZN865, Q3U4W8, Q3UG37, NAT9, NOL8, Q3UJQ9, SC31A, NCBP1, LRRF1, DDX17, LRC47, JIP4, EHMT1, CA050, AAPK1, NSRP1, Q5RL57, Q5SQB0, TENS3, PUR4, Q5UE59, SRC8, SAMH1, KHDR1, GRB10, HELLS, SPB6, RIPK1, CAPR1, ASNS, LAP2A, CDC37, TS101, SNTB2, FNTA, BAP31, PLPP1, FSCN1, FXR1, DDX5, ATRX, DDX3Y, DDX3X, TGFI1, DBNL, SH3G1, CYTB, SMAD2, NDRG1, ZYX, SQSTM, TPP2, ZN512, LAR4B, F120A, CNDG2, NOP58, LTV1, Q6NV52, Q6NXL1, Q6NZD2, ANKL2, Q6P5B5, XPO1, KIF15, FHOD1, TXLNA, PTN23, JUPI2, NUDC1, TACC1, UBE2O, LARP1, ACAP2, 2AAA, MTCH2, ZN503, CYFP1, HNRPQ, SPAG7, DEK, ACTN1, ATX2L, CKP2L, ZN516, ERBIN, SEPT9, PGRC2, Q80VB6, PI42B, ZN598, SAFB2, Q80ZX0, DLG1, LPP, PEF1, IF4B, FTO, TIPRL, Q8BH80, MISSL, ERC6L, CARF, PRUN1, NUP93, FBX30, HBAP1, AHSA1, RCC2, IPO5, SYLC, CKAP4, MAP11, PALM2, CPNE3, SENP7, CSN7B, NSD2, DPP9, Q8BWW3, KANK2, PXK, PIGT, ITPK1, NHLC2, MAP1S, GWL, PKHH2, CND2, THOP1, SEP11, SKA3, CA198, SEP10, AROS, UBA6, LIPB1, SMAG1, Q8CCM0, ZN276, NAA30, SNX8, SYEP, OGT1, GNL3, PDLI5, FERM2, AGO2, HMCS1, AMERL, SCNM1, DNM1L, NEK9, ANLN, EDC3, MATR3, CHAP1, MEPCE, ERF3A, CC137, TDIF2, VPS18, RFC3, MCMBP, HEXI1, LUZP1, SNP47, TMX1, MAVS, UBXN4, Q8VCQ8, ACSF2, PARN, VIGLN, PSMD2, NAA40, F1142, ZNG1, PAXI, SFPQ, CPIN1, RAB14, IPYR2, PUS7, CSDE1, PIP30, RABE2, CISD1, Q91X76, DUS3L, KCC1A, TTC1, SRGP2, SNX18, RISC, HNRLL, Q921K2, PP6R3, LRC59, UBXN1, DBR1, KCC2G, Q924B0, WAC, SMC6, PAWR, SIAS, STML2, PSIP1, NXF1, PDXD1, NONO, PLST, RRAGC, VMA5A, MAOM, DCTN2, ZN281, CT2NL, GRPE1, ABD12, NU155, OGFR, NPM3, NOP16, GLOD4, DUT, MTAP, IFM3, CYB5B, PAF15, PSMD9, WIPI3, SKA2, VATG1, CHSP1, LRC40, RANB3, SMC1A, MFR1L, ARHGP, DDX47, TBC15, PPIL4, MPPB, CYBP, TECR, SERB1, ZCHC8, SPCS2, Q9CZP3, CD37L, SSBP3, MMS19, MGRN1, ARPIN, HNRPM, SYRC, MCES, Q9D4G5, ATAD1, F162A, TRIR, IPYR, PHF10, ARFG3, ORN, BOLA1, CNN3, KAP0, PLIN3, AKAP8, XRN2, GNAI3, PUR6, RAI14, SENP3, ARFG1, SIL1, VPS35, DGCR8, SYCC, ELP4, LIMA1, XPO2, RBP2, RTN3, PALLD, TMOD3, STK3, COPB, NUP50, DDX21, SH3L1, DDX20, MBNL1, BAG3, GKAP1, ZN207, TRXR1, PPCE, CAF1A, LIMD1, NDRG3, DNJC7, NFU1, COPG1, NUBP1, SMAP, DEST, ACOT9, PR40A, FOXO1, FIZ1, NFKB2, KAD2, AKA12, PRKRA, PDC6I, CHIP, COR1C, VAPA, NDKM, E41L3, TAGL2, CARM1, MTNB, BCL10, IF2G, P5CS, COG1, MD2L1, EIF3G, SAE2, ILF3, TRIP6, USO1, BAZ1B, HNRPF, KEAP1
Species: Mus musculus
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Chuh KN, Zaro BW, Piller F, Piller V, Pratt MR. Changes in metabolic chemical reporter structure yield a selective probe of O-GlcNAc modification. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2014 136(35) 25153642
Abstract:
Metabolic chemical reporters (MCRs) of glycosylation are analogues of monosaccharides that contain bioorthogonal functionalities and enable the direct visualization and identification of glycoproteins from living cells. Each MCR was initially thought to report on specific types of glycosylation. We and others have demonstrated that several MCRs are metabolically transformed and enter multiple glycosylation pathways. Therefore, the development of selective MCRs remains a key unmet goal. We demonstrate here that 6-azido-6-deoxy-N-acetyl-glucosamine (6AzGlcNAc) is a specific MCR for O-GlcNAcylated proteins. Biochemical analysis and comparative proteomics with 6AzGlcNAc, N-azidoacetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAz), and N-azidoacetyl-galactosamine (GalNAz) revealed that 6AzGlcNAc exclusively labels intracellular proteins, while GlcNAz and GalNAz are incorporated into a combination of intracellular and extracellular/lumenal glycoproteins. Notably, 6AzGlcNAc cannot be biosynthetically transformed into the corresponding UDP sugar-donor by the canonical salvage-pathway that requires phosphorylation at the 6-hydroxyl. In vitro experiments showed that 6AzGlcNAc can bypass this roadblock through direct phosphorylation of its 1-hydroxyl by the enzyme phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase (AGM1). Taken together, 6AzGlcNAc enables the specific analysis of O-GlcNAcylated proteins, and these results suggest that specific MCRs for other types of glycosylation can be developed. Additionally, our data demonstrate that cells are equipped with a somewhat unappreciated metabolic flexibility with important implications for the biosynthesis of natural and unnatural carbohydrates.
O-GlcNAc proteins:
A1BN54, A2A4Z1, A2A6U3, A2AFJ1, A2AG83, A2AL12, A2AMW0, A2AMY5, LAS1L, B1AU75, OTUD4, B7FAU9, B7ZP47, D3YUC9, D3YVJ7, SAFB1, D3Z4W3, E9PVC5, E9PZM7, E9Q066, E9Q2X6, E9Q310, E9Q5L7, E9Q7M2, E9Q986, F6T2Z7, G3UZ44, G3UZI2, G3X8Q0, G3X8Y3, G3X928, G3X972, G3X9V0, G5E8E1, H3BKK2, J3JS94, CAN2, DPYL2, AIP, HDAC1, MP2K3, GSH0, DHX15, ZW10, AKAP2, SLK, NMT1, E41L2, SRPK1, PARG, SPD2A, LDHA, ANXA2, RIR1, ANXA1, LMNB1, LEG1, G3P, TPIS, COF1, FAS, CBX3, BCAT1, MCM3, MAP4, FKBP4, HMGB2, AIMP1, MP2K1, SYWC, RANG, UBP4, PTN11, RAB5C, DNLI1, CAP1, STAT3, EPS15, PURA, MSH2, ALD2, PURA2, NEDD4, GFPT1, PCY1A, ICAL, HDGF, UBP10, ACTN4, EF2, TB182, SF3B6, PCBP1, PSME3, PFD3, MTPN, DNJA1, SUMO1, IF5A1, UB2L3, HDAC2, ELAV1, 4EBP2, PYRG1, TCPB, BOP1, DAB2, XDH, UBA1, LARP7, CNN2, PP4R2, PSA, Q3TFP0, GUAA, METK2, FA98A, Q3TT92, UAP1L, NOL9, FUBP2, Q3U4W8, YRDC, NOL8, COBL1, CSTOS, LRRF1, Q3V3Y9, DDX17, MDC1, TENS3, Q5UE59, SRC8, SAMH1, KHDR1, SPB6, CAPR1, PAPS1, ASNS, LAP2B, LAP2A, PPM1G, CDC37, FXR1, PCBP2, KPCI, DDX3X, TSN, DBNL, CYTB, ZYX, RALY, SQSTM, TPP2, PEAK1, NOP58, TPM4, LTV1, ZC11A, Q6P5B5, SMHD1, GGA2, TXLNA, JUPI2, UBE2O, LARP1, 2AAA, MTCH2, DEK, MBB1A, ATX2L, OTUB1, MAP6, AFTIN, FLNB, PI42B, ZN598, SAFB2, GRWD1, CPPED, LPP, PEF1, IF4B, SYAC, RUFY1, PRUN1, CTF18, AHSA1, RCC2, IPO5, CKAP4, PPR18, HEAT3, SRRM2, HAT1, MAP1S, TLK1, CND2, THOP1, SEP11, TBL3, SEP10, UBA6, SYEP, GNL3, PDLI5, HMCS1, PKHO2, NEK9, ANLN, MATR3, CBR3, MEPCE, ERF3A, SPART, TDIF2, MCMBP, UBP15, MAVS, Q8VCQ8, PSMD2, FLNC, CPIN1, ACLY, MK67I, RINI, PUS7, CSDE1, DUS3L, KCC1A, TTC1, TADBP, RIN1, NONO, RRAGC, SERB, UBQL4, OGFR, NPM3, GLOD4, MTAP, CYB5B, PSMD9, CHSP1, OCAD1, RANB3, MFR1L, TBC15, CYBP, ZCHC8, GARS, CD37L, UB2V1, HNRPM, Q9D4G5, NOP56, IPYR, CNN3, KAP0, PLIN3, AKAP8, XRN2, MYPT1, PUR6, WDR4, SENP3, LIMA1, ANM1, NUP50, DDX20, IQGA1, MBNL1, ELOV1, DCLK1, BAG3, PPCE, CAF1A, LIMD1, DREB, TOM40, DEST, FOXO1, NFKB2, PDC6I, COR1C, TAGL2, CARM1, MTNB, GBP2, P5CS, EIF3G, SAE2, USO1, HNRPF, KEAP1
Species: Mus musculus
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